Thermal energy can be used directly or indirectly into other form of energy for heating and cooling buildings, as well as powering certain industrial processes. The majority of this energy comes from fossil fuels, but there is a growing opportunity to utilize this energy more efficiently and generate it c such as biomass, geothermal, and solar. Thermal energy storage (TES) is used in a wide variety of applications in all the systems are designed to operate on a cyclical basis (usually daily, occasionally seasonally). As to heat energy storing, a new class of materials has been introduced and developed during the last decades: Phase change materials (PCMs). In the classification diagram, there are organic and inorganic materials which can be used as latent heat storage (LHS) media. Organic materials include paraffin's and non-paraffin such as fatty acids, while inorganic materials comprise salt hydrates, saline composites and metallic alloys. We experimented with some PCMs such as: mineral Brut and mineral VN (from mining), CFA-XP, FLS-Ash (produce from waste treatment process), TCP 308-908 (produce from phosphate)..

Keywords: Thermal energy, materials, thermal energy storage, latent heat storage, solar energy

[1]. Tyagi VV, Rahim NAA, Rahim NA, Selvaraj JAL. Progress in solar PV technology: research and achievement. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2013; 20:443–61.
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Exploration of Geothermal power has gained momentum in the recent past as it has proved to be dependable, has reduced green gas emissions, meet diversification needs, provides least cost base load mode of generation and is inexhaustible for billions of years to come. However, the development and exploitation of geothermal resource face a notable challenge of scale formation on the steam lines and most surface equipment, leading to reduced and expensive production. Scaling occur mainly due to deposition of solids carried by steam. One of the important scale solubility factor is the pH of the brine. Low pH levels are for example associated with Non Condensable Gases (NCGs) carryover which enhances scaling. Currently, use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a secondary working fluid to drive turbines for initially differently designed geothermal systems, use of combined cycle plants or use of pH mod has led to reduced....

Keywords:Geothermal systems, Scaling, Real time scale monitoring, Real time scale control.

[1]. Merem, E. C., Twumasi, Y., Wesley, J., Olagbegi, D., Fageir, S., Crisler, M., . . . Washton, J. (2019). Analyzing Geothermal Energy Use in the East African Region:The Case of Kenya. Energy and Power, 12-26.
[2]. Ngomi, G. ( 2016). Maintenance of Olkaria 1 Additional Unit (AU) Power Plant ,Kenya. Proceedings of 6th African Rift Geothermal Conference. Addis Ababa,Ethiopia: Ken Gen.
[3]. Osinde, O. O., Byiringiro, J. B., Gichana, M. M., & Hasan, S. (2019). Process modelling of Geothermal drilling system using Digital Twin for real time monitoring and control. MDPI Designs.
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Background: Stresses, tensions and pressure associated with submerged offshore structural pipeline under the influence of water depth affects the laying process. The static effects of increasing seawater depths needs to be determined to minimize its effects on the pipeline and prevent the collapse of the operation. Materials and Methods: X65 bare pipe was used in the analysis at varying water depths from 500m to 2500m, excel spreadsheet software also was used in the analysis with stress, pressure and tension model equations. Results: The results gotten showed that as the hydrostatic external pressure and the tensions acting on the pipeline increases (3027625Pa, 475084N to 25138125Pa, 1955420N) for the pressure and vertical tension respectively, the depth of the seabed increases. Conclusion: This shows that the depth of the seawater is important in pipe-laying analysis on offshore pipeline.

Keywords:Tensions, Stresses, Axial force, Hydrostatics Pressure, Seabed, Stinger, Pipeline.

[1]. Bray, D. Dynamic positioning, (Oilfield seamanship series volume 9)(2nd ed.). Oilfield Publications Limited. 2003.
[2]. Bai, Y. and Bai, Q. Subsea pipelines and risers. Elsevier. 2005.
[3]. Perinet, D. & Frazer, I. Strain criteria for deep water pipe laying operations. [Paper presentation] Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas. 2008, May 5-8, (pp. 1-9), OTC 19329.
[4]. Callegari, M., Canella, F., Titti, F. M., Bruschi, R., Torselletti, E. & Vitali, L. Concurrent design of an active automated system for the control of stinger/pipe reaction forces of a marine pipelaying system. [Paper presentation] Proceedings of the Int. Workshop on Harbour, Maritime & Multimodal Logistics Modelling and Simulation, Portofino, Italy. January, 2000, (pp. 234-342), Researchgate.
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In this work an investigation was carried out on the implications of analyzing wielded trusses as pin-jointed on the weight and by extension on the cost of the structure. Different trusses were studied and the effect of secondary stresses (bending moments induced by joint rigidity) on the final weight of the structure determined. The trusses were first analysed as pin-jointed and later as having rigid joints. The sizes of the truss elements were assumed to be proportional to the axial force in it. By considering the elements of the truss to be of a constant breadth b, the required depth of the section becomes representative of the size of the element. To convert it to weight the calculated depth for each element is multiplied by the corresponding length of the element. This quantity was compared for pin-jointed and rigidly connected joints. From the obtained results it was observed that the rigidly connected (wielded) truss requires a lighter and hence cheaper structure than the pin-jointed truss. In conclusion it was observed that the wielded joints substantially increased the load carrying capacity of the truss..

Keywords: Rigid joints; Steel structures; Secondary stresses; Wielded joints; Pinned joints; Roof weight; Roof cost.

[1]. Andrzeji M. B., 1987. Criteria and Methods of Structural Optimization, Springer Sciences and Business Media pp 130
[2]. Aswathi D. K., Preetha P., Neethu S., 2105. Analytical Study on fatigue Behaviour of steel truss girder joints, International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 10, pp 574 - 578
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[4]. Tasou P. 2003. Trusses In: Steel Designers Manual 6th Edition. The Steel Construction Institute.UK
[5]. Ezeagu C. A and Onunkwo R. C.2015, Complex Truss Analogy Using Plastic and Elastic Analysis. International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology, vol.1 Iss. 7. Pp 49 – 90

Background: Fossil fuel usage pose a threat to the environmental condition of humans, and coupled with it`s possible depletion, the infusion of renewable energy sources into energy mix has been on the increase for over a decade. Statistics shows that solar PV represents the largest percentage of renewable energy in terms of installations in the world, majorly due to the reduction in price of solar PV in the energy market. However, due to the inconsistency of the solar resource, that is the weather and seasonal changes, there is the challenge of meeting peak demands of consumption, hence the need for energy storage systems and demand side management is necessary in order to meet those peak demands during periods of no energy production........

Keywords: Renewable energy; PV system, battery storage, demand side management.

[1]. Castillo-Cagigal, M., Caamaño-Martín, E., Matallanas, E., Masa-Bote, D., Gutiérrez, A., Monasterio-Huelin, F., & Jiménez-Leube, J. (2011). PV self-consumption optimization with storage and Active DSM for the residential sector. Solar Energy, 85(9), 2338-2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.06.028
[2]. Demand Management as a Stepping Stone to Demand Response - EnerNex. (2018). EnerNex. Retrieved 11 January 2018, from http://www.enernex.com/blog/demand-management-as-a-stepping-stone-to-demand-response-2/
[3]. Dougal, R., Liu, S., & White, R. (2002). Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids. IEEE Transactions On Components And Packaging Technologies, 25(1), 120-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6144.991184
[4]. Dubey, S., Sarvaiya, J., & Seshadri, B. (2013). Temperature Dependent Photovoltaic (PV) Efficiency and Its Effect on PV Production in the World – A Review. Energy Procedia, 33, 311-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.072
[5]. Dunlop, J. (2012). Photovoltaic systems. [Place of publication not identified]: Amer Technical Pub.

This paper presents research findings related to the optimal design of metal structures for double rectangle girder cranes, using trolley mounted on rails fitted on the centre of upper edge of girder. The optimum objective is to minimize weight of the bridge girder with constraints on strength, stiffness and local stability of the metal structures. Technological constraints are also taken into account by restricting thickness and other dimensions of steel plate formed bridge girder in a set of standard or preferred values. The cranes with different load and aperture types are considered to evaluate influence of several factors such as type of load for design (girder weight, cross-inertial load), structural parameters (thickness of steel plates, steel plate sizes, crane aperture) on optimum dimensions of bridge girder cross sections.

Keywords: Optimal design, Rectangular girder, Crane.

[1]. TCVN 4244-2005, Lifting equipment- Design, Manufacture and Technical Inspection, Ha Noi, 2006.
[2]. Huynh Van Hoang, Đao Trong Thuong – Calculating crane, Science and Technology Publishing House, Ha Noi 1975.
[3]. Tran Van Chien – Steel structure of fork lift, Hai Phong Publishing House, 2005.
[4]. Rao S. S. - Optimum Design of Girders for Electric Overhead Travelling Cranes, ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry 100 (1978) 375-382.
[5]. Cho S. W., Kwak B. M. - Optimal Design of Overhead Electric Crane Girders. ASME Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions and Automation in Design 106 (1984) 203-208.

Today, forests which act as sinks for carbon dioxide (CO2), (one of the greenhouse gases) are threatened with deforestation. It takes millions of years for today's forest to have evolved. Forests maintain conditions that make life possible. Global forest is largely destroyed today by farmers and loggers for agriculture and selling of wood respectively. Deforestation is the cutting down or burning of forests permanently so that the land is available for other usage. One of the main sources of carbon dioxide, CO2 (a greenhouse gas) is deforestation by burning. One of the dangers of greenhouse gases is global warming leading to climate change. The study gathered relevant data which were subjected to analysis using Micro Soft (MS) Excel. The results from the analysis indicated that between pre industrial era and 2010 it was estimated that 18.30 million km2 of deforestation had taken place and this had released 366,000 million tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere. The analysis was used to forecast production of deforestation and CO2. The study further concluded and recommended ways to decreasing the quantity of CO2 in the air.

Keywords: Forest, Deforestation, Climate Change, Carbon dioxide, Emitted

[1]. Achim, S (2013). Saving the World Forest: A Technology Revolution to Curb Illegal Logging. The Gurdian International Edition
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[2]. Brad, C (2017). Technology in Forestry. The greenest workforce
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[3]. FAO (2012). Africa – Food and Agriculture
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[4]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Inter-governmental on Panel Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/refs.html
[5]. Jenkins M.D. and Groombridge. B (2007). World Atlas of Biodiversity: Earth's Living Resources in the 21st Century. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, United Nations Environment Programme

The potential of activated carbon produced from Cocos nucifera (coconut) fibres, to remove Hydrogen Sulphide odour from aqueous solution was evaluated in a batch process. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time, initial concentration, dosage of the adsorbent and temperature. The surface chemical structure before and after adsorption experiments was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the type of chemical bonds was characterized using Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR). The odour adsorption capacity of the prepared adsorbent was analysed using Hach H2S Test Kit (HS-7). The research experiment indicated a 95% performance of the prepared adsorbent which can be improved upon subsequent time of this research. From the research carried out, the results show that activated carbon produced from coconut fibres can be used for odour removal in water.

Keywords: Activated carbon; Biosorption; Hydrogen sulphide; Adsorption; Wastewater treatment

[1]. Bansal R. C. and M.Goyal, (2005). Activated Carbon Adsorption, CRC Press.
[2]. Radovic, l. (2001). Chemistry and physics of carbon (1st edition ed.). New york, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker, New York,.
[3]. Mohamed, E. F. (2011). Removal of organic compounds from water by adsorption and photocatalytic oxidatg17ion. Toulouse: universite' de toulouse.
[4]. Sahu J.N., Acharya J,and Meikap BC (2010) Optimization of production conditions for activated carbons from Tamarind wood by zinc chloride using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 101: 1974-1982.
[5]. BCC Research (2012) North American market for Inorganic Nanoporous and Micro porous adsorbents to reach $2.9 billion in 2017: Global Markets for Inorganic Nanoporous and Microporous Adsorbents, CHM022D.

Objective: Massive multi-input multi-output (M-MIMO) technology is a research hotspot of 5G. Due to the increase of channel matrix dimension in the system, the conventional MIMO detection algorithm is not suitable for the Massive antenna. Methods: A novel hybrid low complexity detection algorithm is proposed for M-MIMO, which is inspired by the well-known algorithms namely, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, called GWO-ABC detector. Findings: The GWO algorithm is used to estimate the most optimal communication channel, and the ABC algorithm is used to detect the receiver signal at the receiver antenna. The proposed GWO-ABC algorithm is compared with other traditional MIMO detectors, as well as heuristic MIMO detection approaches from the literature, in terms of both performance and complexity. Improvements: Experiments show that the proposed GWO-ABC algorithm is superior to the original ABC algorithm and MMSE algorithm in BER and complexity.

Keywords: Massive MIMO, artificial bee colony, grey wolf optimization, GWO-ABC detector, MMSE

[1]. Andrews JG, Buzzi S, Choi W, Hanly SV, Lozano A, Soong ACK, Zhang JC. What will 5G be? IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2014; 32(6): 1065–1082
[2]. Larsson EG, Edfors O, Tufvesson F, Marzetta TL. Massive MIMO for next-generation wireless systems. IEEE Communications Magazine 2014; 52 (2): 186–195.
[3]. Rusek F, Persson D, Lau BK, Larsson EG, Marzetta TL, Edfors O, Tufvesson F. Scaling up MIMO: opportunities and challenges with very large arrays. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2013; 30(1):40–60.
[4]. Li, Lin & Meng, Weixiao & Ju, Shihao. (2016). A novel artificial bee colony detection algorithm for a massive MIMO system. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 16.
[5]. L. Barbero and J. Thompson, Fixing the complexity of the sphere decoder for Mimo detection, Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2131–2142, June 2008.

The extant literature has examined warranty frauds in the new product industry quite extensively. However, fraud issues in the remanufacturing industry have only recently been explored in a meaningful way. Previous scenarios considered the primary parties in the warranty service chain (WSC) as possible sources of fraud. However, a number of unique opportunities exist for the secondary parties when it comes to fraud. This paper considers fraud originating from one of the secondary parties of the WSC, namely the warranty administrator. The paper models this particular fraud scenario using discrete event simulation, and explores a fraud mitigation scenario.

Keywords: Rigid joints; Steel structures; Secondary stresses; Wielded joints; Pinned joints; Roof weight; Roof cost.

[1]. Hanna, M. D., Newman, R. W., & Johnson, P. (2000). Linking operational improvement through employee involvement. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20 (2), 148–165.
[2]. Green, B. P., & Choi, J. H. (1997). Assessing the risk of management fraud through neural network technology. Auditing-A Journal Of Practice & Theory, 16(1), 14-28.
[3]. Mu, E., & Carroll, J. (2016). Development of a fraud risk decision model for prioritizing fraud risk cases in manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 173, 30-42.
[4]. Zhang, H., Hu, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2010). Prevention of resource trading fraud in manufacturing grid: a signalling games approach. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 23 (5), 391-401.
[5]. Pandit, A., & Gupta, S. M. (2019b).Impact of warranty fraud on remanufactured products. Proceedings of International conference on remanufacturing, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

In the past decades, Nigeria has been experiencing epileptic power supply and grid collapse. These problems are caused as a result of the centralization of the National power grid without taking into consideration the increasing population. It should be noted that power demand increases with respect to population increase. To tackle this problem, the National power grid has to be decentralized and mapped to cater for the power needs using sub-regional power cluster mini grid systems within Nigeria with respect to having the capability for grid expansion taking into consideration the increasing population. Thus, there is need to divide the region of the country with respect to the power per capita for each demographic region. Before this division, this work determined the power per capita comparison with Nigeria and the United States of America.......

Keywords: power per capita, power cluster, national grid, paradigm shift, decentralization, University of Lagos (UNILAG)

[1]. Oluwatosin M. Dada1, *, Ilesanmi A. Daniyan1, Temitayo M. Azeez1, Olalekan O. Adaramola22016,Audit of Electricity Generation in University of Lagos, Nigeria, International Journal of Energy and power Engineering, Vol.5,No.2,pp. 29-33.URLhttp://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.ijepe.20160502.11.html
[2]. Nigeria Energy sector 2015, Mobilizing Renewable Energy Investments Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.//www.get-invest.eu/market
[3]. information/Nigeria/energy-sector/>
[4]. World Bank 2019, Nigerian population & united States status census Bureau 2019
[5]. This day 2019, "Discos overall power distribution level plunges to 2,962MW says report"

In today's world, sentiment analysis stands as the prominent research topic in demand under the Natural Language Processing (NLP). The fundamental objective of this research topic is to spot out the emotions and opinions of the customers or users via a text basis. Though numerous research works have been carried out in this field through diverse models, sentiment analysis is still considered to be a challenging problem with so many problems to be solved. The slang words, new accents, grammatical and spelling mistakes etc are few more challenges to be resolved. This paper plans to make a literature review that provides work related to the reviews of web series and movies of different genres using sentiment analysis. Also, Lexicon based on movies review dataset using machine learning sentiment analysis is discussed. Moreover, the analysis also concentrates on the identification of the type of data used. Further, the utilized environment is discussed, and concluded with proper research gaps and challenges, which helps to identify the application for which the sentimental analysis is needed most in upcoming research.

Keywords: Sentiment analysis, web series, natural language processing

[1]. Ayushi Mitra, "Sentiment Analysis using Machine Learning Approaches(Lexicon based on moview review dataset)", Journal of Ubiquitos Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) 2020, Vol 02/No.3 Pages 142-152
[2]. Charu Nanda, Mohit Dua and Garima Nanda, "Sentiment Analysis on Movies Reviews in Hindi Language using Machine Learning", IEEE, 2018(ICCSP), Chennai, India, 3-5 April 2018.
[3]. Y. Fang, H. Tan and J. Zhang, "Multi-Strategy Sentiment Analysis of Consumer Reviews Based on Semantic Fuzziness," IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 20625-20631, 2018.
[4]. Tejaswini M. Untawale, G. Choudhari, "Implementation of Sentiment Classification of Movie Reviews by Supervised Machine Learning Approaches",IEEE, 2019 3rd (ICCMC), Erode, India,27-29 march
2019.
[5]. Jayashree Jagdale, M Emmanuel, "Hybrid Corrective Critic Neural Network for Sentiment Classification in Community Media", 2019 3rd (ICECA),2019.

There are millions/billions of products on every entertainment website or online shop. It becomes difficult for the consumer to choose the best option. Recommender systems enter the picture at this point and assist the user in finding the right item by reducing the number of choices. Recommendation systems assist users in selecting the appropriate item by presenting a likely list of options; as a result, they have become an integral part of e-commerce, movie and music streaming sites, and so on. They are rapidly becoming one of the most commonly used applications of machine learning, which has increased in popularity in recent years. In this paper we are reviewing various recent implementations of Movie recommendation systems for various Online Streaming Services. These models have achieved more accuracy compared to traditional Collaborative filtering approach but Sentiment Analysis and user's feedback can be used to further improvement in accuracy.

Keywords: Collaborative filtering, Content-based filtering, Movie recommendation system, Neural Network, rating prediction

[1]. Cheng, Y., Liu, N., Lu, Y., & Tang, X. (2020). Recurrent knowledge attention network for movie recommendation. Proceedings - 2020 3rd International Conference on Electron Device and Mechanical Engineering, ICEDME 2020, 648–651. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDME50972.2020.00153
[2]. Pongpaichet, S., Unprasert, T., Tuarob, S., & Sajjacholapunt, P. (2020). SGD-Rec: A Matrix Decomposition Based Model for Personalized Movie Recommendation. 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2020, 588–591. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTI-CON49241.2020.9158308
[3]. Shen, J., Zhou, T., & Chen, L. (2020). Collaborative filtering-based recommendation system for big data. International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering, 21(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCSE.2020.105727
[4]. Sinha, B. B., Dhanalakshmi, R., & Regmi, R. (2020). TimeFly algorithm: a novel behavior-inspired movie recommendation paradigm. Pattern Analysis and Applications, 23(4), 1727–1734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-020-00883-8
[5]. Wang, W., Ye, C., Yang, P., & Miao, Z. (2020). Research on Movie Recommendation Model Based on LSTM and CNN. Proceedings - 2020 5th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Applications, ICCIA 2020, 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIA49625.2020.00013