An accumulation of wireless mobile hosting companies developing a short-term network without having assistance from any kind of centralized supervision or regular assistance services for situations like conferences, disaster alleviation conditions, IoT sensor systems etc. This paper targets on 'Route discovery' problem and planned model recommends new network topology for MANET communication. The developed topology facilitates hybrid protocols which might be the combination of the proactive as well as reactive strategies. Present research deemed Zone Routing Protocol often known as Hybrid-ZRP as a reference protocol topology model. However, existing ZRP is for homogeneous surroundings so there is a need to develop heterogeneous ZRP for better performance. Hence, we developed check-point ZRP topology.

Keywords: Route discovery, hybrid protocols, zone routing protocol, topology, check-point ZRP, proactive protocols, reactive protocols, QoS

[1]. Mehta, Deepa, Indu Kashyap, and Sherin Zafar. "Synthesized hybrid ZRP through aggregated routes." International Journal of Information Technology 10.1 (2018): 83-89.
[2]. Chandra, Apoorva, and Sanjeev Thakur. "Qualitative Analysis of Hybrid Routing Protocols Against Network Layer Attacks in MANET." Apoorva Chandra et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 4.6 (2015): 538-543.

[3]. Sirajuddin, M. D., Ch Rupa, and A. Prasad. "An Innovative Security Model to Handle Blackhole Attack in MANET." Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Engineering. Springer, Singapore, 2018.

[4]. Malhotra, Sachin, and Munesh C. Trivedi. "Symmetric Key Based Authentication Mechanism for Secure Communication in MANETs." Intelligent Communication and Computational Technologies. Springer, Singapore, 2018. 171-180.
[5]. Kaur, Manpreet, Dale Lindskog, and Pavol Zavarsky. "Integrating Intrusion Response Functionality into the MANET Specific Dynamic Intrusion Detection Hierarchy Architecture." Ad Hoc Networks. Springer, Cham, 2018. 69-80.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The four core principles of the Convention are non-discrimination; devotion to the best interests of the child; the right to life, survival and development; and respect for the views of the child. Article 6 on conventions on rights of child (CRC) states that children have the rights to live and government must ensure that children survive and live healthy. Unless the first right to survival is preserved we can't protect the remaining three. Hence improving IMR is the most important aspect as the children are the future of mankind and human race on this planet.

Keywords: NRP, Neonatal Resuscitation, IOT, Child Birth, IMR, Infant Mortality Rate

[1]. http://www.iapnrpfgm.org/cms/index.php
[2]. http://niti.gov.in/content/infant-mortality-rate-imr-1000-live-births
[3]. Indian Newborn Action Plan – released by ministry of family health care. Government of India September 2014 Neonatal Resuscitation 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Copyright © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc
[4]. AUTHORS: Myra H. Wyckoff, Chair; Khalid Aziz; Marilyn B. Escobedo; Vishal S. Kapadia; John Kattwinkel; Jeffrey M. Perlman; Wendy M. Simon; Gary M. Weiner; Jeanette G. Zaichkin
[5]. Neonatal Resuscitation, AUTHORS Tina A. Leone, Neil N. Finer, NeoReviews April 2005, VOLUME 6 / ISSUE 4, From the American Academy of Pediatrics Article

Mowing the lawn with a standard motor powered lawn mower is an inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it. Motor powered push lawn mowers and riding lawn mowers create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the oil. Even though electric lawn mowers are environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience, along with motor powered lawn mowers; electric lawn mowers are also hazardous because of the high machinery & electric shocks and cannot be easily used by all. In this work the pedal operated grass cutter is successfully designed and fabricated. This is a type of a grass cutter that is operated by the gears and the pedal of the cycle. This prototype is user friendly, cost efficient, safe to use, and environmentally friendly. It can save the labor costs in major applications in gardening works.

Keywords: Pedal operated grass cutter, lawn mower, Cost Effective, Bevel gear mechanism.

[1]. N.Nagarajan, N.S.Sivakumar and R.Saravanan , 2017, "Design and Fabrication of Lawn Mower", Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST) , Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages 50-54.
[2]. Basil Okafor , 2013 , "Simple Design of Self-Powered Lawn Mower", International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 3 No. 10, Pages 933-938 .
[3]. http://www.AltaVista.com/history of lawn mower.
[4]. Khurmi, R.S. and Gopta, J.K. ("A Textbook of Machine Design "Edition 2017, S.Chandpunlishers , New Delhi.
[5]. Shigley,J.E. and Mischke, C.R.," Mechanical Engineering Design", Edition 2012, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Co. Inc. India.

This paper investigates the effects of ballistic mobility on carrier transport in a 100 nm In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As HEMT at cryogenic temperature. Simulation has been carried out using Genius Visual TCAD employing drift-diffusion model at 100 K temperature. Analytically obtained temperature dependent mobility is incorporated in the physical model of the simulator to investigate the ballistic transport effects in a nano-dimensional HEMT. Using this novel simulation model, temperature dependence of critical device functional parameters such as Fermi energy and Schottky barrier height has been obtained. Current characteristics obtained both at 300K and 100K are compared with the experimental results to validate the results.

Keywords – Cryogenic temperature, heterostructure, high electron mobility transistor, simulation.

[1]. D. K. Ferry, S. M. Goodnick and J. Bird, ―Transport in Nanostructure‖, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press 2009.
[2]. P. Roblin and H. Rohdin ―High-speed heterostructure devices from devices concepts to circuit modeling‖, Cambridge University Press 2002.
[3]. E. A. Gutiérrez , M. J. Deen and C. Claeys ―Low Temperature Electronics Physics, Device, Circuits and Application‖, Academic Press, 2001.
[4]. G. L. Pearson and J. Bardeen, "Electrical properties of pure silicon and silicon alloys containing boron and phosphorus," Physical Rev, Vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 865–883, 1949.
[5]. B. V. Rollis and E. L. Simmons, "Long wavelength infrared photoconductivity of silicon at low temperatures, "Proc. Phys. Soc. London B, Vol. 65, pp. 162–168, 1953.

This paper aims to analyse the impact of attacks in cluster based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It attempts to analyze performance analysis of attack under Balanced LEACH protocol. In this experiment, the MATLAB simulator is used here to evaluate the performance of different types of attack under Balanced LEACH protocol.

Keywords : Wireless Sensor Network, Cluster-based, Attack Analysis, Security.

[1]. Krishna kumar A, Dr. Anuratha V, "An Energy-Efficient Cluster Head Selection of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies: Silicon to Software (ICNETS2) IEEE, 2017.
[2]. Wided Abidi, Tahar Ezzedine, "Fuzzy Cluster Head Election Algorithm based on LEACH protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2017 13th International IEEE, 2017.
[3]. N.G. Palan, B.V. Barbadekar, Suahs Patil, "Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) Protocol: A Retrospective Analysis", International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control, 2017
[4]. Ali Al Essa, Xuan Zhang, Peiqiao Wu and Abdelshakour Abuzneid, "ZigBee Network Using Low Power Techniques and Modified LEACH Protocol", Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT) IEEE, 2017.

There is a need for wireless communication, especially in situations where traditional infrastructure communication networks do not exist. This has encouraged the appearance of the infrastructure referred to as (WSNs). WSNs are multi-hop, self-organized and decentralized networks. The dynamic nature of WSNs provides many challenges that require extensive research in order to provide a satisfying performance to their users. The usage of battery is the most important concern in a WSNS network. In this work the Energy Balancing Routing protocol (EBRP) is developed and simulated which is used to obtain the efficient use of node energy so that secure route is obtained..

Keywords: Wireless Sensor networks, energy efficient routing, Sensor Nodes, Cluster Head.

[1]. J.Hill, R. Szewczyk, A, Woo, S, Hollar, D. Culler, and K. Pister, System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors, ASPLOS, November 2000.
[2]. B. Karp, Geographic Routing for Wireless Network, PhD Dissertation, Harvard University October 2000.
C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, Directed Diffusion: AScalable Routing and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Netwoks, Mobicom, Ausgust 2000.
[3]. J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization Using References Broad-casts, OSDI, December 2002. S. Ganeriwal, R. Kumar, and M. Srivastava, Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks, AMC SenSys, November 2003.
[4]. T. He, JStankovin, C. Lu and T. Abdelzaher, A Spatiotemporal Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, to appear.
[5]. T. He C. Huang, B. Blum, J. Stankovic, T. Abdezaher, Range-Free Localization and Its Impact on Large Scale Sensor Networks, ACM Trasactions on Embedded Computing System, to appear.

Reactive extraction has been emerged as economic technique for the separation of the valuable chemicals from fermentation broth, waste water etc. The beauty of the process lies in the fact that it may be used for the dilute solutions. Various researchers have reflected the competence of the technique for the separation of the carboxylic acids especially from the fermentation broth. This paper aims to study and review some major parameters like distribution coefficient, extraction efficiency and loading ratioemphasized by the researchers. This review of their experimental studies will be beneficial for the beginners to understand the process more clearly. The back extraction process has also been reviewed to understand the complete design of the extraction column.

Keywords: Reactive extraction,distribution coefficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and back extraction.

[1]. Kailas LWasewar, 2012. Reactive Extraction: An Intensifying Approach for Carboxylic Acid Separation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 3, No. 4.
[2]. A. S.KertesandC JKing., 1986. Extraction Chemistry of Fermentation Product Carboxylic Acids. Biotecnology and Bioengineering, Vol.XXVIII, Pp.269-282

Image denoising is one of the primary task in medical world. Medical Images obtained through various scans may have an additive noise. The treatment strategy followed by doctors highly depend upon the images obtained. It has to be reliable and noise free for perceiving the information correctly for accurate diagnosis. One of the way is to assume a statistical model for wavelet coefficients. Other way is to describe the process of denoising parameters as the total of nonlinear processes with unknown weights. Then, the mean square error between the original clean image and noise image is estimated which is to be minimized to get expected results. Estimate is in degree two in unknown weights, an accurate and statistically unbiased MSE estimate i.e. SURE estimate is used.

Keywords: Wavelet denoising, SURE, Medical Images

[1]. D. L. Donoho and I. M. Johnstone, "Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage," J.Amer. Statist. Assoc., vol. 90, no. 432, pp. 1200–1224, Dec. 1995.
[2]. David L. Donoho, "De-noising by Soft-thresholding" IEEE transactions on information theory, vol. 41, no. 3, may 1995
[3]. L. Sendur and I. W. Selesnick, "Bivariate shrinkage functions for wavelet-based denoising exploiting interscale dependency," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 2744–2756, Nov. 2002.
[4]. J. Portilla, V. Strela, M. J. Wainwright, and E. P. Simoncelli, "Image denoising using scale mixtures of Gaussians in the wavelet domain," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1338–1351,
Nov. 2003.
[5]. T. Blu and F. Luisier, "The SURE-LET approach to image denoising," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2778–2786, Nov. 2007.

An Innovative Micro strip patch antenna is designed to resonate at multi band using double split ring resonator (SRR) with center conducting patch. By inserting elliptical shaped ground along semi arc Defected Ground Structure (DGS) provides a good improvement in the return loss and impedance bandwidth. The antenna is simulated by using CST MW studio andis fabricated on FR4 substrate of size 30×30 mm2 with relative permittivity 4.3 and height 1.6 mm. The antenna parameters are measured using Vector Network Analyzer and the return loss values are -13.049dB, -20.436dB and -14.145dBat 3.26 GHz, 6.48 GHz, and 8.05GHz for S-band, C-bandand X-band applications respectively.

Keywords: Defected Ground Structure-DGS, FR4, Multi Split-ring resonator, Elliptical shaped ground, Impedance Bandwidth

[1]. Constantine A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design," John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition, 2005.
[2]. Y. Liu, L. Si, M. Wei, P. Yan, P. Yang, H. Lu, C. Zheng, Y. Yuan, J.Mou, X. Lv and H. Sun, "Some Recent Developments of Microstrip Antenna",International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol.2012,10 pp.
[3]. Jing Pei, An-Guo Wang, Shun Gao, and Wen Leng,"Miniaturized Triple-Band Antenna With a Defected Ground Plane for WLAN/WiMAX Applications", IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, 2011.
[4]. Mehr-e-Munir, Umar Farooq," Multiband microstrip patch antenna using DGS for L-Band, S-Band, C-Band & mobile applications",13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), 23-26 Feb. 2016.
[5]. Ajay Nagpal, Sukhwinder Singh Dillon, Anupama Marwaha," Multiband E-Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications", 5th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, 27-29 Sept. 2013.

This work deals with the fluid conveying fixed-fixed end conditions of U-shaped Polytetrafluoroethylene bellows expansion joint. A mathematical equation is modeled for calculating the transverse natural frequencies. It is assumed that the mass distribution of bellows is uniform and considered for influence of different inlet pressures and velocities on the transverse vibrations of various modes of frequencies of bellows which covey liquids (water). The equation was derived using the Timoshenko elastic beam theoryfor fixed-fixed beam conditions. Further the non-homogeneous transcendental equation is solved using the Bi-section method in FORTRAN compiler to predict the stability and transverse vibrations. The diameter of 3" U-shaped bellows specimens were chosen to perform experimental investigations for different input pressures and velocities measured by suitable pressure gauges and rotameter respectively. The derived equations of pressure and velocity inputs are analyzed for critical values. The resulting experimental data have proven that the deduced equation predictions are accurate enough to meet standard engineering requirements.

Keywords: Bellows, critical velocity, natural frequency, Polytetrafluoroethylene, transverse vibration.

[1]. Jakubauskas VF, Weaver DS. Axial Vibrations of Fluid-Filled Bellows Expansion Joints. J Press Vessel Technol 1996;118(4):484–90.
[2]. Jakubauskas VF, Weaver DS. Transverse Natural Frequencies and Flow-Induced Vibrations of Double Bellows Expansion Joints. J Fluids Struct 1999;13:461–79. doi:10.1006/jfls.1999.0215.
[3]. Jakubauskas VF, Weaver DS. Transverse Vibrations of Bellows Expansion Joints. Part I: Fluid Added Mass. J Fluids Struct 1998;12:445–56. doi:10.1006/jfls.1997.0151.
[4]. Jakubauskas VF, Weaver DS. Transverse Vibrations of Bellows Expansion Joints. Part II: Beam Model Development and Experimental Verification. J Fluids Struct 1998;12:457–73. doi:10.1006/jfls.1997.0152.
[5]. Jakubauskas VF. Added Fluid Mass for Bellows Expansion Joints in Axial Vibrations. J Press Vessel Technol 1999;121:216. doi:10.1115/1.2883689.

MC2MU is an application designed for Monitoring and Controlling Childs Mobile Usage as children nowadays are over exposed to technology at a very early age. The presence of advanced technology in daily activities increase their skills to adapt to latest trends. However, the user-friendly android applications enable the children to obtain any type of information which may or may not be appropriate for them. We must consider that they are incapable of differentiating what is right or wrong, which may result in serious situations that impact the growth of a child. This paper proposes a system that helps to monitor and remotely control the child activities. Cases have been reported of teenagers running away from home and following strangers, using mobile phone to send Short Message Service (SMS) that consist of inappropriate words among couples...............

Keywords: Parental control, monitoring application, android monitoring, MDM and application usage.

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_controls
[2]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3321
[3]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249011610_Report_A_Model_for_Remote_Parental_Control_System_Using_Smartphones
[4]. Rafidah Md Noor, Sharifah Noor Sahila Syed Jamal and Khairil Hafizzee Zakaria, "Parental mobile control system for children's internet use", IEEE, 2012.
[5]. Jacques Marais, Johan van Niekerk and Rossouw von Solms, "Mobile parental control: South African youth at risk", IEEE Pervasive Computing and Applications (ICPCA), 2011 6th International Conference on 26-28 Oct. 2011.