Nowadays competing on access to water resources is one of the most important issues making some new aspects of challenges for almost any region of the world. To develop water resources and access to new resources with the minimum rate of energy consumption, some attempts should be done for optimizing the management of these changes. The imagination of seawater desalinating by thermo-methods or membrane-methods and also by spending lots of energy, then transporting it to another region facing water shortage by spending another sort of energy is not only inefficient but also is not across the approaches of sustainable environmental goals development. Thus, the overall importance of the issue needs to present some researches or mathematical models using no energy or a small amount of it for both desalination and transportation of seawater simultaneously..........

Key words: Water transfer, Seawater desalination, Pipeline system, Temperature difference, compressibility.

[1]. K. Inoue, Y. Abe, M. Murakami, T. Mori, Feasibility Study of Desalination Technology Utilizing the Temperature Difference Between Seawater and Inland Atmosphere, Desalination, 197 (2006) 137-153.
[2]. A. P. Antonio Arnauet, System and method for desalinating seawater, Patent WO 2012/171986 A1.
[3]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
[4]. Ashkelon SWRO Desalination plant technical papers.
[5]. Mahmoud Abdel-Jawad, Energy sources for coupling with desalination plants in the GCC countries, Consultancy report prepared for ESCWA, Sep 2001.

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) thin film in nanocrystalline form has been deposited using spray pyrolysis technique. The film was deposited onto preheated glass substrate which subsequently annealed at 500C for 4 h. The prepared film was characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. XRD analysis reveals the formation of single phase cubic spinel structured film. The crystallite size calculated from Debye-Scherrer's formula show nanocrystalline nature of the film. The lattice constant calculated from XRD data is in good agreement with the reported values. The thickness of the film was measured by surface profiler and found to be 249 nm. The hydrophilic nature of the film was confirmed through surface wettability properties by using contact angle method. The contact angle of the present film is 65.47 which is less than 90 showing the film is hydrophilic in nature.

Key words: Cobalt ferrite, thin film, XRD, hydrophilic nature.

[1]. A. Akbarzadeh, M. Samiei, S. Davaran, Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, physical properties, and applications in biomedicine, Nanoscale research letters, 7 (2012) 144.
[2]. S. Sun, H. Zeng, D.B. Robinson, S. Raoux, P.M. Rice, S.X. Wang, G. Li, Monodisperse mfe2o4 (m= fe, co, mn) nanoparticles, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126 (2004) 273-279.
[3]. I. Sharifi, H. Shokrollahi, S. Amiri, Ferrite-based magnetic nanofluids used in hyperthermia applications, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 324 (2012) 903-915.
[4]. S. Deka, P. Joy, Enhanced permeability and dielectric constant of NiZn ferrite synthesized in nanocrystalline form by a combustion method, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90 (2007) 1494-1499.
[5]. B. Ruff, W. Li, R. Venkatasubramanian, D. Mast, A. Sowani, M. Schulz, T.J. Harned, Development of lightweight sustainable electric motors, in: Nanotube Superfiber Materials, Elsevier, 2013, pp. 595-626.

Separating background from a video image is an important step for change detection. Most of the change detection methods depend on intensity and texture variations. These algorithms may not give very satisfactory results because of the illumination variation and presence of noise. In this paper we have attempted to segregate moving foreground from video data set and change detection in time series datasets using singular value decomposition (SVD) which is a generalization of the Eigen decomposition which can be used to analyze rectangular matrices. "CDnet 2012‟, an open source dataset is used as input image dataset. We have taken SVD for all input images and singular values of all these images were used for detecting any change present in images. A comparison was made for obtained results with the results of "CDnet 2012‟. It is found that the obtained results are very effective and clearly segregate foreground.

Keywords: Background Subtraction, Singular Value Decomposition, Eigen Values, CDnet 2012.

[1]. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) Tutorial. BE.400 / 7.548
http://web.mit.edu/be.400/www/SVD/Singular_Value_Decomposition.html
[2]. C. Hsu and C. Chen, SVD-Based Projection for Face recognition http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=4374514
[3]. Singular Value decomposition, Wolfram MathWorldhttp://mathworld.wolfram.com/SingularValueDecomposition.html
[4]. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) – Chapter 4
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~venkatg/teaching/CStheory-infoage/book-chapter-4.pdf

Erosion and landslide on the outer ring road of Gorontalo Province were discussed among constructionists and geotechnical experts, especially slopes at station 13+600 which had steep slopes of 63o and altitudes of 55.56 m. This research aims to determine the effect of vetiver vegetation on erosion that occurs and the relationship of erosion with land characteristics and the effectiveness of vetiver in controlling erosion and landslides. The results obtained from the analysis of vegetation suitability matrix with land conditions, showed that the use of vetiver in alluvial land with limestone deposits which have a water content of 15.47%, land density 2.68 and levels of Ph 9.7 were very effective growth...............

Key words: Erosion, Vetiver, Stability, Rainfall

[1]. Center for Land Rehabilitation and Soil Conservation, 1986. Implementation Guidelines for the Establishment of RTL-RLKT Jakarta, Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia
[2]. D.H, Sotir R.B, 1996, Biotechnical and Soil Bioengineering Slope Stabilization Johm wiley & Sons, New York.
[3]. Foster, G.R. and W.H. Wischmeier. 1973. Evaluating irregular slopes for soil loss prediction. 1973 Annual Meet. ASAE, Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. Paper No. 73-227.
[4]. Food and Agriculture Organization, Annex 2 Infiltration rate and infiltration test http://www.fao.org/3/S8684E/s8684e0a.htmGray,
[5]. Greenway, D.R., 1987. Vegetation and slope stability. In: Anderson, MG, Richards, KS (Eds.), Slope Stability: Geotechnical Engineering and Geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester,

This paper presents a survey on the detection and recognition of Traffic signs which has a number of important application areas that include advanced driver assistance systems, road surveying and autonomous vehicles. A challenging problem in computer vision due to the different types and the huge variability of information's present in them. This problem can be divided into two stages; first stage will be detection of region that contains traffic sign candidates and second will be character recognition. For the detection and recognition of text and sign from traffic boards, appropriate methods must be applied to obtain accuracy. This method can be achieved by doing a survey on different methods used to detect and recognize text and signs from traffic boards...............

Key words: Sign Board Detection and Recognition, RGB Model, HOG feature, SVM and CCN Classifier, GSM, RFID Technology

[1]. YubingDong, Mingjing Li,Jie LI, "Traffic Sign Recognition improved based on Canny Edge Detection Algorithm", 2016.
[2]. Yi, Hengliang Luo, Huarong Xu and Fuchan WuYang, "Towards Real Time Traffic Sign Detection and Classification", [2014].
[3]. Swati M and K. V. Suresh, "Automatic Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition in Video Sequences", 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics Information and Communication Technology, May 2017.
[4]. Yi Yang, Hengliang Luo, et al, "Towards Real time Traffic Sign Detection and Classification", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, July 2017.
[5]. Author-Hengliang luo, Yi yang, et al, "Traffic Sign Recognition using Multi task Convolution Neural Network", [2017]

In general, transportation from origin to final destination can't be made in a single transportation. In this paper, a multi stage transportation problem (MSTP) is formed where the unit transportation costs are fuzzy random in nature. Using dynamic programming approach, the problem first converted into a single stage problem. Such single stage problem optimized with minimized the expected total cost and expected total variance. The problem is solved for both with and without limitation of the intermediate depots. Here a numerical example is solved to check the validity of the proposed method.

Key words: Multi stage transportation problem, Fuzzy random co-efficient, Dynamic programming problem.

[1]. A.M. Geoffrion, G.W. Graves, Multi commodity distribution system design by benders decomposition. Manag. Sci. 20, 1974, 822-844.
[2]. A. N. Gani, K.A. Razak, Two Stage Fuzzy Transportation Problem, Journal of Physical Sciences, 10, 2006, 63-69.
[3]. A. Ojha, B. Das, S.K. Mondal and M. Maiti, A transportation problem with fuzzystochastic cost, Applied Mathematical Modelling 38(4), 2014, 1464-1481.
[4]. C. B. Das, Multi-Stage Transportation Problem under Vehicles, Journal of Physical Sciences, 21, 2016,47-61.
[5]. E.E.M. Ellaimony, Different Algorithms for Solving Multi-Stage Transportation Problems, Ph.D., Helwan University, Egypt, 1985.

Pavement is one of the main engineering of airport, which is usually assumed to be a foundation plate model. Generally speaking, most of the plates and common composite slabs on elastic foundations can be regarded as orthotropic rectangular thin plates. Considering the horizontal friction between the foundation soil and the thin plates, the concept reality of engineering and science can be better reflected. Firstly, the governing differential equations and the boundary conditions for the static and dynamic behavior of a rectangular thin plate on Winkler foundation are derived in this paper. Then, for the problem of orthotropic rectangular thin plates with four free edges on Winkler foundation, this paper improves a deflection function based on the existing research, which satisfies all the boundary conditions on four free edges and the conditions..........

Key words: Orthotropic thin plate, horizontal resistance, Winkler foundation, a modified function, Galerkin method.

[1]. Kelly H. F. , Thompson M. R.. Mechanistic design concepts for heavyweight F-15 aircraft on flexible pavement. Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 1988;114:323-340.
[2]. Hemsley J. A.. Comparative flexure of an infinite plate on Winkler springs and half-space. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,1988;85:495-526.
[3]. Xu J. Y. , Deng Z. C.. Dynamic Analysis of Airfield Rigid Pavement. Northwestern Polytechnical University Press, Xi'an, China, 2006.
[4]. Selvaduri A.P. S.. Elastic analysis of soil-foundation interaction. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.,London, 1979 .
[5]. Prakash B. G.. Flexure of Clamped Rectangular Plates Resting on winkler foundations. Journal of Structural Mechanics,1979;7:131-142.

The rice (Oryza sativa L.) constitutes the nutritional base of the Ecuadorians, however, the yield is limited by the attack of insects-pests. The research was conducted with the objective of providing the productive sector with up-to-date information on the danger posed by insect-pest in rice cultivation, as well as the most efficient and economical way of exercising control that minimizes possible damage to the environment. The main insects that cause economic damages in the environments in which rice is cultivated in Ecuador are: T. orizicolus, Vector of the White Leaf Virus; H.wirthi, causes thesymptomof dry and white............

Key words: Insect-pest, rice cultivation, integrated managemen.

[1]. Arias Myriam y. Quiróz, J. (2012). INIAP evalúo la presencia del ácaro blanco en el cultivodearroz http://www.iniap.gob.ec/nsite/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=803:iniap-evaluo-la-presencia-del-acaro-blanco-en-el-cultivo-de-arroz&catid=97&Itemid=208
[2]. Bayer Crop Science. (2018). Arroz. Lima, Perú. Obtenido de https://www.cropscience.bayer.pe/es-PE/Productos-e-innovacion/Principales-cultivos/Arroz.aspx
[3]. Castro, M. (2016). Rendimientos de arroz en cáscara segundo cuatrimestre de 2016. Quito, Ecuador: Dirección de Análisis y Procesamiento de la Información, Coordinación General del Sistema de Información Nacional, Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Acuacultura y Pesca. Obtenido de http://sinagap.agricultura.gob.ec/pdf/estudios_agroeconomicos/rendimiento_arroz_segundo_quatrimestre2016.pdf

During charge and discharge of the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the graphite electrode will produce a color change behavior. In view of the difficulty in in-situ observation of the current lithium ion concentration distribution in real batteries. An in-situ optical experimental method is reported in this paper, which realizes an in-situ observation of the color change of the graphite anode electrode section, and obtains the diffusion path of lithium ion in the graphite anode electrode section. Base on colorimetric method the results show that the surface of the graphite electrode is priority region during lithiation/delithiation, and the lithiation characteristics are discrete. At the same time, the optical image was further analyzed by the MATLAB program ,obtains three color (RGB) variations at different lithiation concentrations (SOC). This method can be used to qualitatively analyze the basic color change mechanism of graphite electrode during lithiation /delithiation.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery, Graphite anode, Diffusion, Colorimetric method.

[1]. Armand M., J-M. T. (2008). Building Better Batteries. Nature,451(7179), 652-657.
[2]. Bruce D., Haresh K., Jean-Marie T.(2011). Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: a Battery of Choices. Science, 334(6058), 928-935.
[3]. Fu R., Xiao M., Choe S. (2013). Modeling, Validation and Analysis of Mechanical Stress Generation and Dimension Changes of a Pouch Type High Power Li-ion Battery. Journal of Power Sources,224, 211-224.
[4]. Sahraei E., Hill R., Wierzbicki T. (2012). Calibration and Finite Element Simulation of Pouch Lithium-ion Batteries for Mechanical Integrity. Journal of Power Sources,201, 307-321.
[5]. Maire P., Evans A., Kaiser H., et al. (2008). Colorimetric Determination of Lithium Content in Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,155(11), A862-A865.

Medical imaging is very popular research area these days and includes computer aided diagnosis of different diseases by taking digital images as input. Digital retinal images are used for the screening and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, an eye disease. An automated system for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy should highlight all signs of disease present in the image and in order to improve the accuracy of the system, the retinal image quality must be improved. In this paper, we present a method to improve the quality of input retinal image and we consider this method as a preprocessing step in automated diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The preprocessing consists of noise removal from retinal image...........

Key words: Diabetic retinopathy, noise removal, median filter, average filter, Weiner filter, PSNR, RMSE, correlation of coefficient

[1]. S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green et al., ―Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030,‖ Diabetes Care 27, 2004, pp.1047-1053.
[2]. W. Hsu, P.M.D.S Pallawala, Mong Li Lee et al., ―The Role of Domain Knowledge in the Detection of Retinal Hard Exudates,‖ In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2, 2001, pp.II-246 - II-251.
[3]. A. Osareh, M. Mirmehdi, B. Thomas and R. Markham, ―Automated Identification of Diabetic Retinal Exudates in Digital Colour Images,‖ British Journal of Ophthalmology 87(10), 2003, pp.1220-1223.
[4]. C.I. Sanchez, R. Hornero, M.I. Lopez et al., ―Retinal Image Analysis to Detect and Quantify Lesions Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy,‖ In Proceedings of 26th IEEE Annual International Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 1, 2004, pp.1624 – 1627.
[5]. Charles Boncelet (2005).‖Image Noise Models‖. In Alan C. Bovik. Handbook of Image and Video Processing.

In order to ensure the safe supply of the drinking water the quality needs to be monitored in real time. In this paper, design and development of a low cost model for real instance monitoring of the water quality using Green IoT (Internet of Things) is presented. Internet of Things is an ecosystem of connected physical objects that are accessible through the internet. In IoT, particularly sensor devices are mainly positioned in an extremely resource constrained environment and therefore it becomes essential to extend the capability and the life expectancy of these kind of devices in terms of energy consumption. Energy efficiency in the Internet of Things has been attracting a lot of attention from the researchers and designers over the last couple of years, paving the way for an emerging area called Green IoT.............

Key words: Key enablers, Green IoT, Impedance Source Network.

[1]. Fiona Regan, Antoin Lawlor and Audrey McCarthy, "SmartCoast Project–Smart Water Quality Monitoring System", Environmental Protection Agency, Synthesis Report. July. 2009.
[2]. NazleeniSamihaHaron, MohdKhuzaimi B Mahamad, Izzatdin Abdul Aziz, MazlinaMehat, "A System Architecture for Water Quality Monitoring System Using Wired Sensors,"Computer and Information Science Department, UniversitiTeknologi Petronas Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak DarulRidzuan, 2008.
[3]. AN Ning, AN Yu, "A Monitoring System For Water Quality," IEEE International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, pp. 4615-4617, 2010.
[4]. Qiao Tie-zhu, Song Le, "The Design of Multi-Parameter Online Monitoring System of Water Quality Based on GPRS," Education Ministry Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan Technology University, Taiyuan, China. 2010.
[5]. Dong He, Li-Xin Zhang, "The Water Quality Monitoring System Based on WSN,"Institute of Mechanical and electronic information, China University of Geosciences (WuHan), WuHan, China, pp. 3661-3664, 2012.

In cloud services, de-duplication origination is ordinarily used to diminish the space and transmission capacity pre-requisites of services by wiping out repetitive data and storing just an isolated duplicate of them. De-duplication is best when numerous clients redistribute similar data to the cloud, however it raises issues identifying with security and ownership. Verification of-possession schemes permit any owner of similar data to demonstrate to the cloud storage server that he claims the data vigorously. Be that as it may, numerous clients are probably going to scramble their data before redistributing them to the cloud storage to safeguard security, yet this hampers de-duplication due to the randomization property of encryption. In any case, the vast majority of the schemes experience the ill effects of security blemishes...........

Key words: Cloud Storage, Data de-duplicating, Secure auditing, Reliability, De-duplication.

[1]. M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. Katz, A. Konwinski, G. Lee, D. Patterson, A. Rabkin, I. Stoica, and M. Zaharia, ―A view of cloud computing,‖ Communication of the ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 50–58, 2010[1] .
[2]. J. Yuan and S. Yu, ―Secure and constant cost public cloud storage auditing with deduplication,‖ in IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), 2013, pp. 145–153.
[3]. S. Halevi, D. Harnik, B. Pinkas, and A. Shulman-Peleg, ―Proofs of ownership in remote storage systems,‖ in Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, 2011, pp. 491–500.
[4]. S. Keelveedhi, M. Bellare, and T. Ristenpart, ―Dupless: Server aided encryption for deduplicate storage,‖ in Proceedings of the 22Nd USENIX Conference on Security, ser. SEC'13. Washington, D.C.: USENIX Association, 2013, pp. 179–194. [Online].
[5]. G. Ateniese, R. Burns, R. Curtmola, J. Herring, L. Kissner, Z. Peterson, and D. Song, ―Provable data possession at untrusted stores,‖ in Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ser. CCS '07. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007, pp. 598– 609.