In this paper, the effective spatiotemporal video error concealments (ECs) based on motion vector (MV) recovery and pixel-reconstruction methods are proposed. The pixel-based motion vector with partition (PMVP) algorithm predicts MVs of lost macro-blocks (MBs) based on the distance between the lost pixels and the available pixels of the surrounding MBs. For pixel reconstruction, Modified Spiral Pixel Reconstruction (MSPR) algorithm based on directional edge recovery method using minimum and maximum distance from available pixels of surrounding MBs is proposed. Most of the literature deals with Euclidean distance for recovering MVs or lost macro-blocks (MBs). In this work, PMVP and MSPR are modified by using various distance matrices like, Squared Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, Minkowski distance, Chebyshev distance, Mahalanobis distance (MD), Canberra distances...........

Key words: Video processing, video compression, Error Concealment, Error Resilience, H.264/HEVC codec.

[1]. B. Zeng, S.-K.Yeung, S. Zhu, and M.Gabbouj, "Perceptual Encryption of H.264 Videos: Embedding Sign-Flips into the Integer-Based Transforms," IEEE Trans. Information Forensics And Security, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 309-320, Feb. 2014.
[2]. M. Yang, X. Lan, N. Zheng, and P. Cosman, "Depth-Assisted Temporal Error Concealment for Intra Frame Slices in 3-D Video," IEEE Trans. Broadcasting, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 385-393, Jun. 2014.
[3]. Y-K Kuan , G-L Li , M-J Chen, K-H Tai, and P-C Huang, "Error concealment algorithm using inter-view correlation for multi-view video," EURASIP J. Image and Video Processing, vol. 1, no.38, pp. 1-11, Aug. 2014.
[4]. S. Khattak, T. Maugey, S. Ahmad, and P. Frossard, "Temporal and Inter-View ConsistentError Concealment Technique for Multiview Plus Depth Video," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 829-840, May 2016.
[5]. J. Liu, G. Zhai, X. Yang, and B. Yang, "Spatial Error Concealment with Adaptive Linear Predictor," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Syst. 2014, pp. 2728-2731

Heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) provide flexible and diversified wireless network access by integrating cellular networks, wireless LANs, and ad hoc networks with the Internet. Heterogeneous wireless sensor network is a network connecting different applications and protocols. The smart sensor nodes are used in applications like medical health care systems, industrial monitoring,environmental/earth sensing, air pollution monitoring etc. But these nodes are energy constraint devices. Efficient clustering and appropriate cluster head selection schemes are necessary to improve energy saving of sensor nodes. In this paper, dynamic cluster head selection method (DCHSM) is used where CHs are selected in two phases and network coding algorithm is implemented. Initially, QB-LEACH based Clustering is used to divide the monitoring area in polygonal shaped clusters..............

Key words: Base Station (BS), Cluster Head (CH), Dynamic Cluster Head Selection Method (DCHSM), Internet of Things (IOT), Voronoi Diagram, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

[1]. Monica G Rathi, "Energy Efficient And Energy Aware Techniques In Cluster Based Networks"
[2]. D.Suresh1 , K.Selvakumar,"Improving Network Lifetime and Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks" International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (2) , 2014, 1035-1038
[3]. Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ,Suleman Khan , Ali Safaa Sadiq, and Ghufran Ahmed,"EE-MRP: Energy-Efficient Multistage Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks "Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing.Volume 2018, Article ID 6839671, 13 pages,https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6839671
[4]. Mohamed Elshrkawey Samiha, M.Elsherif ,M.Elsayed Wahed,"An Enhancement Approach for Reducing the Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks"2017Journal of King Saud University –Computer and Information Sciences [5]. Chul-Ho Lee ,Jaewook Kwak ,Do Young Eun,"Towards Distributed Optimal Movement Strategy for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Network" IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems

Here, we have studied mathematically the role of alternative prey in a predator-prey model with prey refugia. We have discussed the local and global stability of our system around different equilibrium points. Some numerical simulations are presented to shown significant qualitative results. Our results shown that alternative prey for predator population has an important role to control the system dynamics.

Keywords: Alternative prey, refugia, stability , stable focus, limit cycles, bifurcation.

[1]. Hastings, A., Powell, T. (1991). Chaos in three-species food chain. Ecology, 72(3),896-903.
[2]. Lotka, A. J.(1925). Relation between birth rates and death rates. Science, 26: 21-22.
[3]. Bate, A. M., Hilker, F. M.(2013). Complex dynamics in an eco-epidemiological model. Bull Math Biol , 75: 2059-78.
[4]. Beltrami, E., Carroll, T. O.(1994). Modelling the role of viral disease in recurrent phytoplankton blooms. Journal of Mathematical Biology , 32: 857- 863.
[5]. Chen, F., Chen, L., Xie, X.(2009). On a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model incorporating a prey refuge. Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl., 10(5), 2905-2908.

Steel foam quality is improved over a decade; the forms of ferrous foam are still non-uniform and have certain deficiencies. With the aim of improving the materials cellular structure and turn technologies reliable and more reproducible, it is necessary to understand the metallic systems. Both in literature and in the practical usage, a confusion pertaining to the metal foams prevails, the one that is majorly used as a metallic material that is not dense. With respect to the aqueous foams, the word foam suggests depression of bubbles of gas in liquids and the same in a semi-solid state. In this paper exclusively described construction ways of steel foam by using several additives.

Keywords: Steel foam, Material, Aqueous, Additives etc.

[1]. Harte, S. Nichol, A.-M.49-55,(1), 1-1.
[2]. I. Jin, L.D. Kenny and H. Sang, US Patent 5 112 697 (1992),(2),2-2.
[3]. D. Leitlmeier, H.P. Degischer and H.J. Flankl, Advanced Engineering Materials 4 (2002) 735-740(3),2-2.
[4]. T. Miyoshi,Al foam, "Alporas": the production process, properties and applications125-132(4),2-2.
[5]. T. Nakamura, S. V. Gnyloskurenko, K. Sakamoto, A. Byakova and R. Ishikawa, Materials Transaction 43 (2002) 1191-1196(5),2-2.

In this paper Wankel and other available rotary internal combustion engine are discussed. The benefit of rotary engine over reciprocating engine are (i)The rotor undergoing a rotary motion,crankshafts onecomplete rotation, completes four stroke cycle, this means that in full rotation of crankshaft one power stroke is delivered. Hence flywheel is not required. (ii) The need of the extra equipment that converts reciprocating motion into rotary motion such as cranks, conventional crankshaftetc will be eliminated. (iii) The internal combustion engine will be much lighter. Also this arrangement will reduce vibration that occur due to reciprocating motion of piston. Towards the culmination some recent trends of using rotary engines in micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) are also discussed.

Keywords: Rotary engine, MEMS, Wankel engine

[1]. K. Fu et al., "Design and fabrication of a silicon-based mems rotary engine," vol. 3, pp. 875–880, 2001.
[2]. N. Chigier and T. Gemci, "A Review of Micro Propulsion Technology," no. June, 2013.
[3]. F. V. Bracco, "Theoretical Analysis of Stratified, Two-Phase Wankel Engine Combustion," Combust. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 1–2, pp. 69–84, 1973.
[4]. D. E. Cole, "The Wankel Engine," vol. 227, no. August, 1972.
[5]. F. Wankel and Ernst Hoeppner, "Rotary Internal Combustion Engine," p. 21, 1961.

A theory of spontaneous oscillations of the current in the transverse direction of the electric field □ 𝐸0 𝑗 has been constructed. A theory of spontaneous current oscillations in the transverse direction of the electric field has been constructed. Analytical formulas for the external electric field and magnetic field are found. The frequency of current oscillations in the specified direction is less than the increment of the rise of the emerging waves inside the sample. Based on the experimental data, the frequency 𝜔0, the electric field 𝐸0, and the magnetic field 𝐻0are estimated. The characteristic frequencies included in the theory are determined by analytical expressions. The crystal size in the direction of the electric field L is of the order of 1 cm.

Keywords: electric field, magnetic field, impedance, current oscillation frequency, ohmic coefficient. PACS: 85.30.De, 76.60.Jx, 75.10.-b, 71.15.-m, 41.20.Jb

[1]. FFAliev, E R HasanovNonlinear Oscillation Task for the Concentration of Field Carriers in Semiconductors with Deep Traps(Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)) Vol 10, p 36 (2018)
[2]. E R Hasanov , R A HasanovaExternal and Internal Instability the Medium Having Electron Type Conductivity (JOSR Journal of Applied Physics) Vol10, p 18(2018)
[3]. E R Hasanov,V MHajiyeva A SPikamiRadiation doped semiconductors with certain impurities (14th International Conference on Technical and Physical of Electrical Engineering), p 1 (2016)
[4]. E R Hasanov, S H Naila, V IAygulTheory of Current Oscillation in Doped Semiconductors in Strong Electric and Magnetic Fileds (Journal of Qafqaz University)№2, (private communication) 2016
[5]. E R Hasanov, A I Demirel, A Z PanahovEnergy radiation theory of nano-pimensional extrinsic semiconductors having electron and hole conductivities in an external electric field (Applied Physics Research) Vol 5, №3, p 78 (2013).

This is an overview of a study of 100 castle gardens in Transylvania. The research has been undertaken by a substantial number of students, teachers and professionals in the Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Budapest, Szent István University. The object was to explore and document the surviving parts of the gardens and estates of the chosen locations while evidence still exists, to complete a missing chapter in European garden history. All the available historic material was assembled, site surveys completed and a full record compiled. The result is a comprehensive overview of 400 years of garden history in the region, relating them to wider historical trends in the area and human use of the wider landscape. Also it acts as an inventory of the current state of the gardens, enabling renewal and maintenance plans to be put in place. The research won the Europa Nostra Prize in 2014.

Keywords: castle garden, garden art, garden history, historic landscape, land use

[1]. Gy. Keresztes Castles and manor houses in Mures County (Marosvásárhely, Romania 1995., in Hungarian)
[2]. M. Nawiesniaki, M. Strutynski and Hernik, J., Hydromorphological and Landscape valorisation of river valleys based ont he carpathian Poprad river valley study. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, February 2016, Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 207 – 219.
[3]. A. Fekete, Transylvanian Garden history. Castle gardens along the Maros River. (Művelődés Műhely, Kolozsvár, 2007.)
[4]. A. van den Brink, D. Bruns, H. Tobi, and S. Bell, Research in Landscape Architecture. Methods and Methodology. (Routledge, London and New York,2016.)
[5]. Stoiculescu, R, C., Huzui, A. E., Gavrilidis, A., Nita A., Patru-Stupariu, I. G., Calin, I. and Cuciulan A., What is the Spatial Link between the Roman Civilisation and Cultural Landscape in Romania? Journal of Maps 2014. 2: 297-307.

Estimating a channel has become a difficulty for a mm wave system massive MIMO system with hybrid as the number of Radio Frequency (RF) chains are less than the number of antennas. For having a super resolution for the channel estimation the true parameters have been resolved with good precision. Some of the methods used for estimating channels are Auxiliary Beam pair(ABP), Adaptive algorithm based Code book design,2 D Unitary ESPRIT and Iterative Reweight (IR). In ABP amplitude comparison is done against each auxiliary beam pair thus by obtaining the best ratio which gives way to the estimation of angles. Code book design is done by rotating and scaling a code book..............

Keywords: Hybrid precoding, Millimetre- wave (mm Wave), Channel estimation, Angle of departure(AoDs), Angle of Arrivals (AoAs), beam forming, codebook design, hybrid precoding, Auxiliary Beam Pair (ABP)

[1]. R. W. Heath, Jr., N. González-Prelcic, S. Rangan, W. Roh, and A M. Sayeed, ``An overview of signal processing techniques for millimetre wave MIMO systems,'' IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 436_453, Apr. 2016S.
[2]. H. Miao, M. Juntti, and K. Yu, ``2-D unitary ESPRIT based joint AOA and AOD estimation for MIMO system,'' in Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Symp. PIMRC, Sep. 2006
[3]. AnwenLio, Zhen Gao,"2D Unitary ESPRIT Based Super-Resolution Channel Estimation for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO With Hybrid Precoding"IEEE November 2017
[4]. Chen Hu, Linglong Dai, Zhen Gao, and Jun Fang,"Super resolution channel estimation for mm wave massive MIMO with hybrid precoding"IEEE Vehicular communication January 2018
[5]. H. Ghauch, T. Kim, M. Bengtsson, and M. Skoglund, "Subspace estimation and decomposition for large millimeter-wave MIMO systems,"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 528-542, Apr. 2016.