Imagine a futuristic world with flying cars and flying people, of course with jet packs. Now, this a fine vision for development, but development is not an egg that just hatches one day it is like a child that grows slowly. In this ever-growing, ever-developing world, one does not think much about the other side of the coin. Progress, today, is synonymous with the deterioration of our environment. As most of the vehicles in the present world are petroleum fuel based, the only alternative to these remains the cheapest and simplest vehicle of all, a Cycle. In today's fast running world a bicycle may seem like a snail' s sprint machine, but electric cycles have changed the scenario, leading to the incorporation of electric systems in cycles and thus increasing the speed at the output. A solution has also come to the compaction factor in the form of folding cycles. Our project aims at folding an electric cycle. Although such projects have been made earlier, our project is trying to incorporate a self-charging system in an electric, folding cycle.

Keywords: batteries, dynamo, electric, environment, folding, motor, self-charging

[1]. Annette Muetze, Ying C. Tan, Electric Bicycles, IEEE Industry Applications AmMagazine · August 2007, DOI: 10.1109/MIA.2007.4283505 · Source: IEEE Xplore
[2]. D. M. Sousa, P. J. Costa Branco, J. A. Dente, Electric Bicycle Using Batteries and Supercapacitors, Conference Paper · October 2007, DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2007.4417425 · Source: IEEE Xplore
[3]. Bjarni Freyr Gudmundsson, Esben Larsen, Integration of a Folding Electric Two-wheeler Vehicle for a Future Commuting Transportation, EVS26 Los Angeles, California, May 6-9, 2012
[4]. Morteza Hanifezade, Arian Ashrafi, Folding and Self-Propelling Bicycle, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2014
[5]. Samadhan .S. Avhad, Tushar.P.Tidke, Nayan .S. Sathe, Hybrid Electric Bicycle a New Transportation for Future Smart Grid, SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE) – Volume 4 Issue 5 – May 2017 ISSN: 2348 – 8379

Marx Generator can generate a high voltage pulse from low voltage dc supply using identical stages that operate at a fraction of the total output voltage. They are used in high energy physics experiments, as well as to simulate the effects of lighting on power line gear and aviation equipment. Each stage includes a capacitor or pulse forming network and a high voltage switch. Typically, these switches are spark gaps resulting in Impulse Generator with low repetition rates and limited lifetimes. The development of economical, compact, high voltage, high di/dt and fast turn-on solid state switches made it easy to build economical, long lifetime, high voltage Impulse Generators capable of high pulse repetition rates.It is a clever way of charging a number of capacitors in parallel , then discharging them in series. Pulse Electric Field (PEF) can be effectively used in water treatment applications. In this Paper, High Voltage Impulse Generator is presented for treating water via application of PEF.

Keywords: Converter, Pulse Generator, Gate driver circuit, Impulse Generator, Pulse Electric Field.

[1]. Ju Won Back, Dong Wook Yoo, Geun Hie Rim, Jih-Sheng Lai, Solid State Marx Generator using IGBT. August 2005.
[2]. Rashmi V. Chaugule, Ruchiharchandani, Bindu S, Design and Hardware Implementation of two stage Solid State Bipolar Marx Generator, 2012.
[3]. Ahmed Elserougi, Ahmed M. Massoud, A. M. Ibrahim, Shehab Ahmed, A High Voltage Pulse Generator Based on DC-to-DC Converters and Capacitor-diode Voltage Multipliers for Water Treatment Applications.
Books:
[4]. High Voltage Engineering by C L. Wadhwa; Impulse Generator. Published in 2012

This paper presents a brief overview about the design, benefits, risk, and environmental impact of a solar wave hybrid generator. The main intension is to provide renewable energy and decrease the consumption of fossil fuel. Burning fossil fuel causes global warming. Again wastes of nuclear power plant are very toxic. The power generation from waves has growth a huge potentiality. The price of fossil fuel is rising day by day because of its scarcity in nature. As the operating cost of wave power plant is low and uses a renewable source of energy, it is possible to produce power at low price. Existing hydro power plant needs huge dam. This is very harmful for environment. But this generator does not require any dam or any other hazardous construction and this also reduces the installation cost............

Keywords: sea wave energy, renewable source, solar wave hybrid generation.

[1]. Suitable Configuration of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Generator for Wave Power Generation https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4239159
[2]. Design and simulation of a 250 kW linear permanent magnet generator for wave energy to electric energy conversion in caspian seahttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5348028
[3]. The use of sea waves for generation of electrical energy: a linear tubular asynchronous electricalgeneratorhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4449423/
[4]. Renewable Energy World, Ocean energy, (2012).

Graphene is one of the world's most thinnest, strongest and highly conductive material of heat and electricity and it has many potential future applications. The research related to these applications are being carried out from past many years and it still has a lot more scope of research even now. We have studied and summarized different applications of Graphene ranging from electricity generation in thermo-electric generators, electronic/photonic circuits, solar cells, biomedical applications in this paper.

[1]. Yongchao Si and Edward T. Samulski* Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Ali, Prof. Imran & Alharbi, Omar & Tkachev, Alexey & Galunin, Evgeny & Burakov, Alexandr & Grachev, Vladimir. (2018). Water treatment by new-generation graphene materials: hope for bright future. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25. 10.1007/s11356-018-1315-9. [2]. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, ―Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene,‖ Nature, vol. 438, no. 7065, pp. 197–200, Nov. 2005, doi: 10.1038/nature04233.
[3]. S. Sun, L. K. Ang, D. Shiffler, and J. W. Luginsland, ―Klein tunnelling model of low energy electron field emission from single-layer graphene sheet,‖ Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 99, no. 1, p. 013112, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1063/1.3609781.
[4]. A. A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, and C. N. Lau, ―Superior thermal conductivity of singlelayer graphene,‖ Nano Lett., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 902–907, Feb. 2008, doi: 10.1021/nl0731872.

The Seabin is a revolution in terms of technology to solve problems like marine waste, marine litter, and educate to prevent ocean and water bodies' pollution. The device moves up and down with the range of tide collecting all floating rubbish. Water is sucked in from the surface and passes through a catch bag inside the Seabin, with a submersible water pump, plugged directly into 12V outlet. The water is circulated inside the Canister & back into the marina leaving litter and debris trapped in the catch bag to be disposed of properly. This Project is far more than a product; as our final goal is to "Have pollution free oceans for our future upcoming generations". To achieve this we are working to make the canister upgrade and better in terms of affordability and reliability. Also, educating and raising awareness to be able to one day live in a world where pollution devices are not needed.

Keywords: Energy Storage, power stabilizing problems, energy savings, Plastic Pollution, marine pollution.

[1]. K. Tsuboi, F. Harashima, H. Inaba, "Reduction of Pollution in world", IEEE/IAS ISPCC, pp. 365, 1977.
[2]. H. Achenbach, W. Hanke, W. Hochstetter, "Controllable static power compensators in electric supply system", Proc. IFAC, pp. 917, 1977.
[3]. L. Gyugyi, E. C. Strycula, "Active ac power filters", Proc. IEEE/IAS Annu. Meeting, pp. 529, 1976.
[4]. P. M. Espelage, B. K. Bose, "High-frequency link power conversion", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-13, pp. 387, 1977.
[5]. I. Takahashi, A. Nabae, "Universal power distortion compensator of line commutated thyristor converter", Proc. IEEE/IAS Annu. Meeting, pp. 858, 1980

The particulate matter created in the manufacturing process by the industrial plants is released as dust in the hot exhaust gases. If such matter is released into the atmosphere, the particulates reduce visibility and it contributes to climate change as well as serious health problems in humans. Fine particles that are smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter can be especially dangerous because they are drawn deep into the lungs and can trigger inflammatory reactions. The aim of the paper is to present an electrostatic precipitator which uses an electric charge that is provided by a Van de Graaff generator. The pumped charge from the generator will remove such impurities from air or other gases in smokestacks and other flues.

Keywords: Electrostatics, Electrostatic Precipitator, Triboelectric Effect, Van de Graaff generator.

[1]. Aditya Pathak and et.al, "Van De graaff Generator for High Voltage DC Source and it's Applications" International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017
[2]. P.G.Mahajan et.al, " Basic Operation & Applications of Van de Graaff Generator" International Journal of Scientific Research and Education, Vol.5, Issue 5, May 2017
[3]. Toshiaki Yamamoto et.al, " Electro -hydro dynamically Assisted Electrostatic Precipitator for the Collection of Low-Resistivity Dust" IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, Vol. 45, Issue 6, Nov.-Dec. 2009
[4]. F.A. Furfari, "A history of the Van de Graaff generator" IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, Vol.11, Issue 1, Jan.-Feb. 2005
[5]. Hossein Rezaei et.al, "Effect of relative humidity and materials on triboelectric charging of USB cables" IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility & Signal/Power Integrity (EMCSI), Oct. 2017

The solar lawn mower is a fully automated grass cutting robotic vehicle powered by solar energy, it also avoids obstacles. It is also capable of fully automated grass cutting without the need of any human intervention. The system uses 12v batteries to boost the bot movement motors as well as the grass cutter motor. Battery is charged by solar panel . The cutter and its motors are interfaced to an Arduino Nano that controls the working of all the motors. Ultrasonic sensor is used for object detection. The SoC moves the bot in the forward direction in case no obstacle is detected. On obstacle detection; the ultrasonic sensor monitors it and the SoC thus stops the grass cutter motor to avoid any damage to the object/human/animal whatever it is. In order to know the battery charged and how much power is generated through the solar panel voltage divider circuits are used with the microcontroller and the data is passed to blynk app using Wifi Module. We can also control the robot using blynk app or also it can be set on Auto Mode. The L293D9 bi-motor controller/driver is used.

Keywords: batteries, solar, iot, voltage divider, blynk, motor, self-charging

[1]. Vicky Jain, Sagar Patil, Prashant Bagane, Prof.Mrs.S.S. Patil, Solar Based Wireless Grass Cutter, International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering, Vol.2,2017,576-580.
[2]. Ashish Kumar Choudhari, Yuvraj Sahu, Prabhat Kumar Dwivedi, Harsh Jain, Experimental Study of Solar Power Grass Cutter Robot, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Vol.2,2016,68-73.
[3]. Pankaj Malviva, Nukul Patil, Raja Praapat, Vaibhav Mandloli, Dr.Pradeep Kumar Patil, Prof Prabodh Bhise, Fabrocation of Solar Grass Cutter, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science , Engineering and Technology, Vol.2,2016,892-898.
[4]. Praful P. Ulhe, Manish D. Inwate, Fried D. Wankhede, Krushna Kumar S. Dhakte, Modification of Solar Grass Cutter Machine, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Vol. 2,2015, 711711-714.
[5]. T. Karthick, S. Lingadurai, K. Muthuselvan, M. Muthuvanesh, C. Pravin Tamilselvan, Grass Cutting Machine using Solar Energy, Internation Journal of Research in Mechanical.

This paper introduces various methods of reactive power compensation in power system. The study of shunt connected FACTS (Flexible AC transmission system) devices is a connected field with the problem of reactive power compensation and better mitigation of transmission related problems in today's world. In this paper the study of STATCOM, its principle of operation and control is done. This paper describes the PWM technique as a control strategy using instantaneous reactive power theory (PQ theory). STATCOM besides compensation is also used for improving system stability, Improve Power Transmission Capability of Transmission and Distribution Lines, Reduce Line Losses which is achieved through implementation of various control algorithms, switching techniques which have been reported in the literature.

Keywords: FACTS, Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory, PWM technique, STATCOM.

[1]. "C. L. Wadhwa", Electrical Power Systems.
[2]. "Understanding FACTS", a book by Narain G. Hingorani and Laszlo Gyugyi.
[3]. " Power quality in power systems and electrical machines" by Ewald F. Fuchs and Mohammad A. S. Masoum.
Proceedings Papers:
[4]. "Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System Using STATCOM Fed With IRP Control" Saibabamantri ,LaxmanDasari.
[5]. HadiSaadat, Power System Analysis,WCB McGraw Hill, 1999.

Today with the advancement in power electronic domain, the majority of the loads are non-linear in nature. All these kinds of load give rise to the harmonics, which in turn can affect the power quality of the system. To filter out these unwanted harmonics there are various practices carried out through passive, active and hybrid solutions. The choice of the filters depends according to the loads and their requirement. As per necessity, active and passive filters are preferred to fulfill the power quality requirement as per IEEE-519 standard. In this paper, a prototype of single-phase and three-phase passive filter for 4A and 10A harmonic current has been proposed.

Keywords- Non-linear, power quality, passive filter, active power filter, IEEE-519 standard

[1]. H. Akagi, "Active Harmonic Filters", Proceedings of the IEEE. 2005; 93(12) pp. 2128-2141.
[2]. R. Sachan and R. Srivastava, "Performance Analysis of Fixed Shunt Passive Filters for Harmonic Mitigation", International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES–16) 2016.
[3]. Recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electrical power systems", IEEE std 519-1992, April 1993.
[4]. A. baitha and N. Gupta, "A Comparative Analysis of Passive Filters for Power Quality Improvement", IEEE International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy2015.
[5]. S. Das, P. Ray and A. Mohanty, "Improvement in Power Quality using Hybrid Power Filters based on RLS Algorithm", Energy Procedia,2017;138 pp.723-728

For the efficient functioning of any solar panel, one of the most important factor is that it should be dust free and free from various other foreign particles like bird droppings, dirt, soil, etc. Hence, the project that we intend to undertake is the "Cost Effective and Automatic Robotic Arm Wiper for Solar Panel Cleaning" which is focused on automatic cleaning of the solar panels. In most substations, the process of removing the dust and cleaning is done manually which is tedious. The project consists of a robotic arm which will detect the overall area of the panel and will clean the entire panel working surface. The project is intended for not restricting the cleaning of just one panel but also automatically move to the successive panels which are connected in the grid............

[1]. Shahzada Pamir Aly, Palanichamy Gandhidasan Nicolas Barth, Saïd Ahzi , "Novel Dry Cleaning Machine for Photovoltaic and Solar Panels" 978-1-4673-7894-9/15 2015 IEEE.
[2]. Qi ZHANG, Xiao-long LU, Jun-hui HU, "A Solar Panel Cleaning System Based On ALinear Piezoelectric Actuator" Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, Oct. 25Ͳ27, Changsha, Hunan, CHINA 978-1-4799-3289-4/13 2013 IEEE.
[3]. Amit Kumar Mondal and Kamal Bansal,"Structural analysis of solar panel cleaning robotic arm" ,Current Science, Vol. 108, No. 6, 25 March 2015.
[4]. Mohammad A. Jaradat, Mohammad Tauseef, Yousuf Altaf, Roba Saab, Hussam Adel, Nadeem Yousuf, and Yousef H. Zurigat,"A Fully Portable Robot System For Cleaning Solar Panels", 981-1-4673-7797-3/15
[5]. Nasir K. Memon,"Autonomous Vehicles for Cleaning Solar Panels", 978-1-5090-5713-9/16 2016 IEEE.

In recent years, greater power demand has been placed on the transmission network and it will continue to increase because of advances in technology giving rise to products which requires electrical energy. Increase in power demand, absence of long term planning of network, need of open network for the generation unit etc.; degrades the quality of power supply. The FACTs (Flexible AC Transmission system) technology is essential to alleviate some of the difficulties. FACTs technology does not consist of a single controller but it is collection of controllers which can be applied individually or collectively. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of one of the type of FACT devices. The configuration of SVC used in this paper is Fixed Capacitor with Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR). This have been implemented using Simulink model.

Keyword: Controller, FACTs, FC-TCR, Power demand, SVC

[1]. Ganesh Brave, "Application Study of FACTS Devices in Indian Power System" International Journal of computing and technology, Vol. 1, issue 1, Feb2014.
[2]. Modeling and Simulation of Static Var Compensator (SVC) in power system studies with Matlab, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 18(2), 2008.
[3]. Jitendra Kumar Dash, "Control Strategy for Reactive Power Using FC-TCR by Matlab Simulink" IJEEE, vol. 2, issue 4, Aug 2015.
[4]. Hua Jin, "An Efficient Switched-Reactor-based Static Var Compensator", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Application, vol.30, NO.4, July/Aug 1994
[5]. A. E. Hammad, "Application Thyristor Control VAR Compensator for damping sub synchronous oscillation", IEEE Transaction, Aug 1989.

This machine is concerned with recycling of waste plastic by method of Extrusion. This is done by melting of plastic with the help of barrel and screw. Plastic extrusion machine utilizes the waste plastics such as PET, HDPE etc., and converts them into something effective such as plastic lumber, plastic granulates, filament, etc. In this project, PID controller is used for Temperature control of barrel in which the plastic is melted. Solid State Relay is used as a switch which responds to the input signal by PID controller. J-type Thermocouple is used for temperature sensing. This circuit is build and tested on Polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Keywords: Extrusion, Plastic, Temperature Control, Temperature Sensing, PID Controller, PET.

[1]. C.Abeykoon, "A Novel Model Based Controller for Polymer Extrusion". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL. 22, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014.
[2]. Ji, Li Na (June 2013). "Study on Preparation Process and Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 312: 406–410. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.312.406.
[3]. Prabhat Kumar Mahto and Rajendra Mur, "Temperature control of plastic extrusion process", International journal of innovative research in science engineering and technology, 2015.

Today, India is amongst the list of developing countries in terms of economic development. Hence the energy requirement is going to increase manifold in the coming decades. To meet these energy requirements, coal cannot be the primary source of energy. This is because coal is depleting very fast. So to meet these energy requirements non-renewable energy sources should be used excessively. In the world, India has fifth largest installed wind power capacity. As the area required for installation of conventional windmill is high, bladeless windmill based on vortex induced vibrations can provide the solution for these disadvantages of the conventional windmill. The Bladeless Windmill is a concept which works on the phenomenon of vortex shedding to capture the energy produced. Generally, the structures are designed to minimize vortex induced vibrations in order to minimize mechanical issues. But here, we try to increase the vibrations in order to convert vortex induced vibrations into electrical energy.

Keywords- Bladeless Windmill, Vortex Induced Vibrations, Vortex Shedding, Clean Energy.

[1]. Saurav Bobde,Sameer Jadhav, Study of Vortex Induced Vibrations for Harvesting Energy; IJIRST – International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 2 | Issue 11 | April 2016
[2]. K. Y. Billah, and R.H. Scanlan, "Resonance, Tacoma Narrows bridge failure, and undergraduate physics textbooks", Amer. J. Phys. 59, 1991, pages 118-124
[3]. Application of Vortex Induced Vibration Energy Generation Technologies to the Offshore Oil and Gas Platform: The Preliminary Study World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering (Vol: 8, No: 7, 2014)
[4]. Bladeless Wind Power Generation (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 03/2016/497)
[5]. D. J. Yáñez "An electrical power generator and an electrical generator method", Patent W PCT/ EP2015/072802, 2015.
[6]. Study of Vortex Induced Vibrations for Harvesting Energy (IJIRST/ Volume 2 / Issue 11/ 066) All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org

nthiswork,itisproposedtodesignacompleteshoecaremachine.............

Keywords- Cleaning,Polishing.

[1]. H.T.,S.,Gouda,S.,―DesignofShoeSole CleaningwithPolishingMachine‖,International JournalofInnovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology2(9),pp.5022- 5029,2013.

Fuel prices in India and around the world increases day by day, so there is a great need to look for an alternative to conserve these natural resources. Promoting the use of hybrid vehicles can reduce CO2 emissions and fuel costs. Therefore, a solar bicycle is an electric vehicle that offers an alternative to using solar energy to charge the battery, and therefore provide the voltage required to run the engine. The hybrid bike combines the use of solar energy, as well as the dynamo that runs through the pedal to charge the battery to run the bicycle. The bicycle has the most viable solar/electric power generation system mounted on the vehicle to charge the battery during all durations..........

[1]. Morchin, W. & Oman, H., 2006. Electric Bicycles: A guide to Design and Use. New Jersey, NY, U.S.: IEEE Press. [2]. Fogelberg, F. "Solar Powered Bike Sharing System", Goteberg, Sweden: Viktoria Swedish ICT, 2014.
[3]. Kartik S Mishra, Shubham V Gadhawe, Dhiraj C Chaudhari, Bhupendra Varma and S. B. Barve, (2016) "Design and Development of Solar Hybrid Bicycle" International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Pune, India.
[4]. Krishnan, (2001), "Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis, and Control". Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey.
[5]. Fred Chiou. (2015) "Solar energy for electric vehicles", IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech).

In this paper, an attempt to overview a various number of mitigation techniques and power quality problems associated with neutral current for commercial loads are discussed. The load connected to three phase four wire system are generally single-phase loads and generate triplen harmonic currents due to unbalancing in phases at neutral. There are various neutral current mitigation techniques including active and passive has been discussed. The existing approach and a framework of references for researchers in this field are provided.

[1]. B. A. Cogbill, and J. A. Hetrick, Analysis of T-T connections of two single phase transformers, IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst., 87(2), 1968, 388–393.
[2]. Ah-Choy Liew, Excessive Neutral Currents in Three-Phase Fluorescent Lighting Circuits, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., 25(4), 1989, 776-782.
[3]. Thomas M. Gruzs, A Survey of Neutral Currents in Three-Phase Computer Systems, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appicat., 26(4), 1990, 719- 725.
[4]. K. Johnson and R. Zavadi, Assessing the impacts of nonlinear loads on power quality in commercial buildings-An overview, IEEE Industry App. Society Annual Meeting, 1991
[5]. Sikyung Kim, Prasad N. Enjeti and Ira J. Pitel, A New approach to improve power factor and reduce harmonics in a three-phase diode rectifier type utility interface, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., 30(6), 1994, 1557- 1564.

During the course of the project, we have made a model thatiseasy to modify and fast running which simplifies the work to an extent. In thisprojectwe have discuss an algorithm to fabricate BLDC motor. Various components of BLDC motor are modified for efficient application. The comparisonbetween BLDC motor and brushedmotorisshown and the reasonwhy BLDC motoris more favourable. On course of the projectthismotoris to betested for the highefficiency as the BLDC motoris the idealchoice for the application thatrequireshighreliability, high power-to-volume ratio. This BLDC motorwillact as a cost-effective replacement for brushed dc motor.

Keywords- Brushless motor, Cost effective, Efficient, Less maintenance, Longer life

[1]. R.Krishnan, Permanent Magnet Synchronous And Dc Motor Drives,Crc Press,2005
[2]. S.K. Nanda, 1kW, 48V, 2000rpm, 4pole BLDC Motor for Electric Vehicle Application, M.E. Thesis, Department of EE, BESU, Shibpur, 2006.
[3]. A.K. Sawhney, Electrical Machine Design, DhanpatRai and Co., Sixth edition, 2006
[4]. KVenkataRatnam, Special Electrical Machine,University Press, 2008.
[5]. D.O'Kelly And S.Simmons, Generalized Electrical Machine Theory, McGRAW HILL, 1968.

Since, there is a growing demand for the use of domestic vehicles and the world is facing crisis for petroleum to drive them, thus, this project draws light on the above problem and comes with a solution of replacing the current internal combustion trend by electric drives. The main objective of this project is to implement the electric drive technology concept for two-wheeler by proposing a control strategy and the benefits of all electric range and fuel economy improvements. The work also focuses on the investigation to evaluate the energy requirements, its mass and initial cost of the battery pack for daily average travel needs of electric drive two-wheelers in India..........

[1]. B. Priya, V. Krishnakum, Performance Improvement of Brushless DC Motor.
[2]. Srivastsa Raghunath, Hardware Design Considerations for an Electric Bicycle using a BLDC Motor, June 2014, 3-11.
[3]. D. P. Kothari, I. J. Nagrath, Electric Machines (The McGraw-Hill Companies, Tata McGraw-Hill, Third Edition, 2006).
[4]. D. P. Kothari, I. J. Nagrath, Synchronous Machines, Electric Machines, (The McGraw-Hill Companies, Tata McGraw-Hill, Third Edition) 575-581.