Background: Indonesia is one of the biggest countries in the world that produce briquettes and coconut shell is the main source of these briquettes. This research purposed to observe the effect of adhesive variations, to obtain adsorption power of Cr ion, andanalyze the quality improvement of charcoal made of coconut shell with controllable convective drying . This paper used coconut shells as a source of briquettes because coconut shells have only been used as fuel for cooking or left as waste. To increase the added value of coconut products, it is necessary to make efforts to use coconut shell to be processed into charcoal, considering that the need for coconut shell charcoal tends to increase as a raw material for making activated charcoal. Sago or tapioca adhesive is used because in water with high temperatures, the amylum granules in sago and starch can swell. The starch granules can swell further as the temperature rises during the heating process........

Keywords: quality improvement ; charcoal; coconut shell; chemical; convective drying.

[1]. Alleman, B. (2013).Remediation option for metal-contaminated sites. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis.
[2]. Allwar, A. (2015). Production of Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds Using Chemical and Physical Activation Method. Journal of Physical Science 19, 93.
[3]. Anem,J.(2014). Utilization of Coconut Shell Waste into Coconut Shell. Journal of Development, No. 1, Vol 3.

[4]. Arsad and Hamdi, (2010). Technology For The Processing And Utilization Of Active Carbon For Industry. Journal of Forest Products Industry Research, Vol. 2 No 2.
[5]. Arena, Noemi , Lee, Jacquetta, dan Clift, Roland. (2016). Life Cycle Assessment of activated carbon production from coconut shells. Journal of Cleaner Production.

The current study uses ANSYS software to investigate the fluid structural and computational fluid dynamic analysis of a hydrostatic bearing fluid film. For lubrication, journal bearings use various grades of oil or fluid, and we've used two different grades of SAE 20 and SAE 40 liquid. The pressure in the oil film in a fluid film bearing satisfies the Reynolds equation, which is a function of film thickness.The current study uses the length to diameter ratio (L/D) [1] and varied eccentricity ratios to calculate bearing deformation owing to loading conditions. The eccentricity is varied from 0 to 1.0 with intervals of 0.2 and starts with 0.3 as 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. The lubricants SAE 20 and SAE 40 are considered for analysis with the same boundary condition and the final output is compared for both liquid lubricants. ANSYS software is used to execute the CFD analysis and structure analysis. First, we run the CFD simulation, and the output is linked to the structural workbench to apply the pressures to the bearing.

Keywords: CFD Computational fluid Dynamic, FSI fluid structure interaction, AR aspect ratio

[1]. K Prasad et al, "Fluid Structure Interaction of Liquid Lubricated Cylindrical Journal Bearing usingCFD", IJIRSET, Vol.5, issue 3, march 2016.
[2]. Debaprava Das and Dr. Ritesh Kumar Dewangan, CFD Analysis of Fluid Film of Liquid Lubricated Cylindrical Journal Bearing. IJAER, 2021,Vol 16 ,No.7.
[3]. B. S. Shenoy, R. S. Pai, D. S. Rao, R. Pai,Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of full 360 journal bearing using CFD and FSI techniques,World Journal of Modelling and Simulations 1 746-7233, Vol. 5 (2009) No. 4, pp. 315-320.
[4]. Priyanka Tiwari, Veerendra Kumar, Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Using CFD and FSI Technique, www.ijert.org, Volume/Issue: Vol. 3 - Issue 7 (July - 2014), e-ISSN: 2278-0181.