Automation is the conversion of a work process, a procedure, or equipment to automatic instead of human operation or control. Automation doesn't transfer human functions to machines, it involves a deep reorganization of the work process, during which both the human and the machine functions are redefined. Early automation relied on mechanical and electromechanical devices; during the last forty years, however, the computer gradually became the leading vehicle of automation. Modern automation is usually associated with computerization..........

Keywords –semi automation, FE Analysis, Design, Clamping.

[1]. Marko krsulja, "Design and Planning of Clamping Work-holder Station for Sheet Metal Part of Car Body" Manuf. and Ind. Eng., 11(2), 2012, ISSN 1338-6549.
[2]. Tushar Jain, "Design and Integration of Industries through Computer Vision Systems" International Journal of Information and Computation Technology Volume 3, Number 9 (2013), pp. 963-970.
[3]. Jaikaran Singh, "A Industrial automation – A Review" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 8- August 2013.
[4]. Mirza Jahanzaib, "Performance Analysis of Process Parameters Effecting the Automated Assembly System" Life Science Journal 2013;10(1).
[5]. Gaurav Bhusari, "Design and Analysis of Fixture Bracket for Engine Assembly Line" IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 2 | Issue 05 | October 2015.

An Autoclave or a steam sterilizer is an important vehicle for reducing the microbial contamination of packaged final products, medicinal and food preparations etc. One of the major problems confronting healthcare professionals is the control of pathogenic organisms. This is because microorganisms are present in our environment and may contaminate healthcare instruments from time to time. An autoclave was designed and constructed to sterilize materials/items used in such healthcare institutions, the test will show a decrease in the growth of microorganisms at high temperature with less exposure time.

Keywords: Autoclave, sterilization, pathogenic organism, helth application, infections, wet steam, Temerature.

[1]. Oyawale, F.A. and A.E. Olaoye. 2007. "Design and Construction of an Autoclave". Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. 8(2):224-230.
[2]. European Union. "European Standard BS EN 554:1994. Sterilisation of Medical Devices - Validation and Routine Control of Sterilisation by Moist Heat". EU: Brussels, Belgium
[3]. Kelsey, J.C. 1961. "The Testing of Sterilizers 2. Thermophilic Spores". J. Clin Path. 14:313
[4]. "Health Care-associated Infections More Common in Developing Countries." WHO.int. WHO, 10 Dec. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.
[5]. Abstracts of the 7th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control, Taipei, Taiwan, March 26-29, 2015

This project has mainly concentrated on the difficulties arises while unloading the material from dumper or trailer and hence a suitable arrangement has been designed. Such that the vehicles can be unloaded Material from the trailer in three axes without application of any impact forces. By pressing the Direction control valve activated. The compressed air is goes to the pneumatic cylinder through valve. The ram of the pneumatic cylinder acts as a lifting the trailer trolley. The pneumatic cylinder is coupled to the Air Compressor. This is definitely reduces the use of extra fuels and solve the problem of turning of truck in limited space.

Keywords: Air Compressor, pneumatic Cylinder, Trailer, Material Unloading.

[1]. A review on Development of a Three Axis Modern pneumatic Trailer applicable to shipping industry ; M. Ramachandran MPSTME, SVKM‟S NMIMS. Shirpur, Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India. V. Aji Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu
[2]. Design and fabrication of three axis modern pneumatic trailer , Albert praveen kumar J, Gotham R R, Gruraam V, Dept. of Automobile, Anna university, coimbatore, Tamil nadu, india.
[3]. Pneumatic Three Axis Modern Trailer Bharth G 1, Sunil Kumar K 2, Srinivasa Chari V3, Lakshiminarayana T H4 1,2,3,4 AsstProf, Department of Mechanical Engineering 1, 2, 4 RLJIT Doddaballapur Karnataka 3 MSEC Bangalore Karnataka
[4]. Three Axes Pneumatic Modern Trailer Babusab Doddamani, Prasannakumar Tavaskar, Siddappa Dhomanal, Vinayak Kodallihiremath, Prof. Pulikeshi kumbar
[5]. Three Axis Pneumatic Modern Trailer M. Viswanath1 , 1-Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, M. Gowtham2, S. Guru3, A. Karthikkumar4, S. Kanaga Boosan5 (2,3,4,5) – UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engg., Hindusthan Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu

This paper presents design of experimentation for formulation of mathematical model of lap joints of strips of different types of bamboo with proper adhesives subjected to tensile, compressive and shear load. With the help of dimensional analysis the experimental work is carried out significantly. In this paper, the various steps of design of experimentation like dimensional analysis, identification of variables in mechanical properties of bamboo, reduction of variables and the formation of mathematical models' equations are presented in detail. There are many factors which affects the mechanical properties of the bamboo.............

Keywords: Dimensional Analysis Mathematical model, tensile load, Compressive load, Shear load, Experimentation, Dependent Variable, Independent Variable, Buckingham's pi theorem, Adhesives

[1]. Hilbert Schenck Junior, Theory of Engineering Experimentation, McGraw Hill, New York.
[2]. S. K. Undirwade, Dr. M.P. Singh, Dr. C.N. Sakhale,"‟Design of Experimentation for Formulation of Experimental Data Based Model for Bamboo Sliver Cutting Operation Using HPFM‟‟ International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 03 | June-2015
[3]. S. D. Moghe& J. P. Modak, "Design and development of Human Powered Machine for Manufacture of Lime-fly-ash-sand-bricks", Human Power, Technical Journal of the IHPVA Spring 1998, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 3-7.
[4]. Sohoni V. V. et al., "Manually Powered Manufacture of Keyed Bricks", Building Research and Information, Vol.25, No. 6, UK 1997, pp 354-364.
[5]. Gopala Krishna, Alluru Mallikarjuna Rao, K. Optimization of machining parameters for milling Operations using a scatter search approach International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 3-4, 219-224(6)

This paper investigates the need of an experimental set up which is part of a range design to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. It consists of a pulley wheel, two belts, a rope, a driving cable and two weight carriers. This equipment can be tested with Flat belt, V-belt and Rope with constant weight as T1 (kg) and varying weights as T2 (kg) at different wrap angle. The performance evaluation of this proposed equipment design is done by comparing the experimental results with theoretical analysis using similar procedures.

Keywords: Investigate, Demonstrate, Performance evaluation, and comparing results.

[1]. Some Notes on V-Belt Drives --- B. G. Gerbert [+] Author Affiliations J. Mech. Des 103(1), 8-18 (Jan 01, 1981)
[2]. Mechanics and Sliding Friction in Belt Drives With Pulley Grooves --- Lingyuan Kong and Robert G. Parker [+] Author Affiliations J. Mech. Des 128(2), 494-502 (Jun 23, 2005)
[3]. Geometry Conditions for Good Power Capacity in a V-Ribbed Belt Drive --- H. Hansson [+] Author Affiliations J. Mech. Des 112(3), 437-441 (Sep 01, 1990
[4]. The Effect of Geometry Imperfections on the Performance of Multiple V-Belt Drives---G. Massouros [+] Author Affiliations J. Mech., Trans., and Automation 111(1), 153-159 (Mar 01, 1989)
[5]. Design and Analysis of Automotive Serpentine Belt Drive Systems for Steady State Performance --- R. S. Beikmann, N. C. Perkins and A. G. Ulsoy [+] Author Affiliations J. Mech. Des 119(2), 162-168 (Jun 01, 1997

This Paper Aims at Designing and Fabricating a pedal operated thresher machine for threshing separating and cleaning rice paddies. The Major components of the machine include threshing, separation and cleaning unit .The threshing operation was achieved by rotational motion of a flywheel fitted with beater pegs above a stationary grid which results in the removal of the paddies from the bulk straws After being beaten out, the grains fall into the cleaning unit which consists of a sieve that undergoes a Quick return mechanism. The machine is simple, less bulky and the ergonomic consideration in the design would allow for its comfortable use for it can easily be operated by either male or female. The thresher can help to substantially reduce the human labour involved in threshing at an affordable cost and also reduces the time used for threshing operation on small farms.

Keywords: Thresher, Design, Fabrication, Rice.

[1]. Modak, J. P. and Bapat, A. R., "Development And Performance Evaluation Of A Human Powered Flywheel Motor Operated Forge Cutter", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2013
[2]. Y. M. Sonkhaskar , Swapnil S. Asati , Abhinav M. Purohit Faculty, Dept. of Mech. Engg., Ramdeobaba College of Engg. and Mgmt., Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)Vol. ,Issue 11, November2015 Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.041113210944 Human Powered Flywheel Motor Driven Process Units: A Review
[3]. K.K. Padghan , Prof. A.K. Pitale , Prof J.P.Modak, P.Narkhedkar"HUMAN POWERED FLYWHEEL MOTOR BY USING QUICK RETURN RATIO ONE MECHANISM", International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science Volume No.02, Issue No. 05, May 2014

Indian Railways is a third largest network industry in the world. Average passenger train runs with minimum 100 wheel sets. Train wheels in railway are always exposed directly to the different climate conditions. While the train wheels are in motion debris and many unwanted particles get stick on metal surface of train wheels. Many times it is not possible to see small stones, metals or other debris that gets accumulated on metal surface of train wheels. Changing climatic conditions lead to formation of rust and rust scales on the train wheel surface which needs to be cleaned otherwise the wheels material get corrode and leads to decrease the life of wheel...........

Keywords: Metal surface treatment.

[1]. METHODS OF POLISHING STEEL AND THEIR EFFECTS by Gerald A. Lux and William Blum, U. S. Department of commerce national bureau of standards research paper rp1645 part of journal of research of the },{ational bureau of standards, volume 34, april 194
[2]. Auto Washing Mechanism of Heat Treated Blanks, Sayali Badgujar,Chinmay Dindorkar, Manohar Desale , Prof.Swapnil Ambekar, IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 5, Issue 03, 2017 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
[3]. Chemical cleaning, decontamination and corrosion, H. S. Gadiyar, Chintamani Das and K. B. Gaonkar, A.R.S. Priya et al. / Materials Chemistry and Physics 110 (2008) 269–275
[4]. The Basics of Alkaline In-Process Cleaning for Metal Substrates, Gerald A. Lux and william blum, http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/12/11201
[5]. Analysis for Locomotive Wheels' Degradation Jing Lin, PhD, Luleå University of Technology Julio Pulido, PhD, ReliaSoft Corporation Matthias Asplund, Luleå University of Technology

Refrigerating systems has emerged as an important necessity of human life in present century. Today, these systems are used in many applications. Present research work is devoted to the investigations for of an important category of refrigerant systems, vortex tubes. In the research work, combinations of six gases and two materials are made for analyzing pressure differences and thermal gradients for a vortex tube. The flowing gases were Argon, CO2, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Helium, and air and the materials were copper and brass. As a result, combination of Helium and Brass emerged out as the best combination for the application.

Keywords: Vortex tube, working fluid, refrigeration.

[1]. Agrawal, N., Naik, S. S., & Gawale, Y. P. (2014). Experimental investigation of vortex tube using natural substances. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 51-55.
[2]. Attalla, M., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M. S., & El-Wafa, A. A. (2017). An experimental study of nozzle number on Ranque Hilsch counter-flow vortex tube. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 82, 381-389.
[3]. Cao, L. K., Li, D. X., Chen, H., & Liu, C. J. (2017). Spatial relationship between energy dissipation and vortex tubes in channel flow. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 29(4), 575-585.
[4]. Karthik, S. (2015). An Experimental Setup of Vortex Tube Refrigeration System. International Journal of Engineering Research& Technology (IJERT) ISSN, 2278-0181.

We known and have seen the wheel chair which is to be normally the handicapped people or the patient use, it needs to push by someone or the force is applied by the person directly on the wheels due to which they fill tired and if the patient want to go to the table then there should have a need of other chair to shift him. Thus to remove these problems of a handicapped person tricycle is design. For the transportation number of hand driven tricycles, wheelchairs, solar operated tricycles, etc. can be seen in the market for handicapped people. The basic Tricycle is design by three-wheel, pedaled by handicapped persons in the side and for sitting arrangement the seat is used in the middle..............

Keywords- Tiller, Link, Crank, Connecting Rod, Direction Rod.

[1] B. D. Shiwalkar "DESIGN DATA FOR MACHINE ELEMENT" Dennett & Co., 2013.(pg no. 39,111).
[2] Ajit Tiwari, Rahul Mishra, Abhishek Sharma, Amitesh Sharma, Purushottem Mishra "Handicapped Steering Cycle" INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 05, MAY 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 (Page No. 180-182)
[3] M. Reddi Sankar, T. Pushpaveni, V. Bhanu Prakash Reddy, "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ASSISTED BICYCLE", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, (Volume 3, Issue 3), (March 2013) ISSN 2250-3153, (Page No. 781-786).
[4] Abdulkadir Baba Hassan (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria) "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A MOTORIZED PROTOTYPE TRICYCLE FOR THE DISABLE PERSONS" IOSR Journal of Engineering , (Vol. 2(5 )), May 2012 (Page No. 1071- 1074).

Plastic have been mostly used in food packaging and water bottling due to low bulk density and inertness property. This paper discuss plastic waste management scheme anddesign and fabrication of plastic shredder machine. In this project we give the working mechanism of plastic bottle cutting machine and mechanism used in machine. Plastic are chipper and lightweight flexible material which can be easily moulded variety of product with wide range. Crushing is a process in which waste is converted into 1 -1.5 CM size. So, our intension behind this project is to reduce the cost of transportation of plastic. This machine is more beneficial in reducing labour work or labour cost.

Key Words: Plastic waste, shredder machine.

[1]. Dr.Jassim M .A Jaff,M.H.Hassan,Design and fabrication recycling of plastic system . (IJSER,Volume7 ,issue 5-May-2016,ISSAN 2229-5518 )
[2]. OJ Olukunle,DJAdelabu , Development of a Waste Plastic Shredding Machine .
[3]. S.S.jadhav,P.C.Dange Design and development of plastic shredder machine ( IJETSR, ISSN 2394-3386,Volume 4,Jssue 10 October 2017 )
[4]. A.Patil, D.Turambe ,Development of plastic bottleshredding machine (International Journal of Waste resources, DOI:10.4472/2252- 5211.1000336 )
[5]. Nithyananth,"Desing of waste shredder machine", ISSN : 2248-9622, volume 4, DOI: 3-March-2014.

In today's world, Electricity can be considered as one of the most important need for the human being. As the lifestyle is Changing and modern lifestyle is being adopted around the world the need for electricity is increasing . So, electricity can be called as the basic necessity for a developing country. The objective of this project is to design a setup that leads to generation of electricity, by speed breakers. As the requirement of electricity is increasing day by day, we have to develop an alternative conventional source of energy to tackle the problem of energy crisis and reduce the dependency on power plants to some extent. The up and down movement of a pedal is transformed into the kinetic energy to the flywheel and supported by bearing and hence electrical power can be generated using that rotational energy...........

Keyword: Speed breaker, power generation, electricity

[1] M. Patel, H. Vala, R. Tejas, A. Vhora (2017). Energy Generation by using Speed Breakers. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, 4, 144-148.
[2] Vinayaka N, Pavan Kumar A V , P B Shetty , Kiran Aithal S and Krithi H Kornaya. (2014). Design based Electrical Power Generation using a Speed Breaker – A Green Power Approach. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 4, 2818-2822.
[3] Amanpreet Kaur, Shivansh Kumar Singh, Rajneesh, Parwez, Shashank, Power Generation Using Speed Breaker with Auto Street Light, International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2013, ISSN: 2319- 5967.
[4] Shakun Srivastava , Ankit Asthana, Produce electricity by the use of speed Breakers; Journal of Engineering Research and Studies , 2(1), 2011, 163 – 165.

Most of the agricultural product contains high moisture of about 25-80%. This value of moisture content is very much higher than the required for long preservation. Due to this moisture content bacterial& fungal growth is very fast in green herbs. Bacteria & enzymes may spoil the foodstuff & reduces the nutrient content in it. Moisture content of green herbs at a certain level slows down the bacterial, enzymes & yeast effect. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the moisture content in foodstuff for its long preservation. Drying is one of the major food processing operations. The main objective of drying is to remove free water from fruit and vegetables to the extent where micro-organisms do not survive so that dried green herbs can be stored for longer period without rotting and deterioration in the quality of the product. They can be constructed from locally available materials at a relatively low capital cost and there are no fuel costs.

Keywords: Enzymes, yeast effect, Deterioration.

[1]. Dr. S. M. Mowade, Atul G. Thaware "Performance Study for The Green Drying of Solar Dryers for some Hearbs" Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research, ISSN 2348-8034
[2]. Pratik N. Burade, Rohit M. Dongre, Sajin Thoma, Siddhant Tamgadge, Dr.N.K.Mandavgade "Application of Solar In Food Dryer - A Literature Review" International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 2, No.11, 2017, e-ISSN: 2456-3463
[3]. Vinod Kumar Sharma, Antonio Colangelo, Giuseppe Spagna "Experimental Investigation of Different Solar Dryers Suitable for Fruit and Vegetable Drying" Renewable Energy, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 413 -424, 1995
[4]. S. K. Sansaniwal and M. Kumar "Analysis of ginger drying inside a natural convection indirect solar dryer: An experimental study" Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences (JMES) ISSN (Print): 2289-4659; e-ISSN: 2231-8380; Volume 9, pp. 1671-1685, December 2015

Now a day, there is a problem concerning with mobility of physically handicapped people. Different hand operated tricycle and other vehicles are mostly available for the transportation of disabled people. It is the paper based on development of manually operated tricycle in which single slider drive mechanism is used without using the chain drive mechanism. The design concept is taken to design it from manually pedal operated sewing machine. This tricycle is mostly useful for handicapped people. This modified tricycle is very effective because it makes the role of wheelchair as well as the tricycle in one machine. The power is transmitted and motion is takes place by using the steering bar to the rear wheel with the help of linkage. This tricycle dose not used clutch assembly to operate it. It is very convenient for the handicapped people as well as inexpensive to a poor person as the cost is a major issue for them.

Keywords- handicapped person, crank, connecting rod, direction rod, lever.

[1]. Erickson, William, Camille G. Lee, and Sarah von Schrader. "2008 Disability Status Reports: United States."
[2]. Lesley, Samuel, and Lucy A. Porter. "An ergonomic wheelchair for hemiplegics." Technology and Disability 14.4 (2002).
[3]. Cyders, Timothy J. Design of a Human-Powered Utility Vehicle for Developing Communities. Diss.
[4]. Fries, Richard C. Reliable design of medical devicesCRCPress,2012. [5]La Plante, Mitchell P., and Disability Statistics Center. "Demo-graphics of wheeled mobility device users." Conference on space requirements for wheeled mobility. Buffalo, New York: Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access, 2003.
[5]. Marlowe, Christie. Car Mechanic. Mason Crest, 2014.

This paper assign with detailed study of plastic shredder machine. Plastic is most commonly used material in the whole world. But, plastic wastage increasing environmental pollution. For control to environmental pollution, plastic recycling is needs of time. Our project on plastic shredder machine convert large volume of plastics in micro size and this micro size plastic use for tar making and remoulding. This machine is used in recycling plants and industries. Plastic waste management is one of the greatest challenge to all countries. Averagely 5.6 million tonnes of waste plastic produced per year in India i.e. 15,342 tonnes per day. At current time only 5 to 25% of plastic scraps is recycle.

Keywords- Plastic waste, plastic recycling, plastic shredder machine.

[1]. Joseph Y. Ko, 2002, "Paper Shredding Device", US 6390397 B1.
[2]. Frank Chang, , "Blade Assembly For Paper Shredder", 2000.
[3]. Ming-Hui Ho,Taipei Shein, , "Blade Of Paper Shredder", 2003.
[4]. Yeshwant M. Sonkhaskar.,10-oct-2014, "Design and development of plastic bottle crusher", IJERT, vol. 3, ISSN:2278-0181.
[5]. Dr. Fatima siddiqui, Harshal patil, "Design and fabrication of paper shredder machine", IJSER, volume 8, 3-March- 2017,ISSN 2229-5518.