A micro grid is a cluster of interconnected DG, loads and intermediate energy storage units that co-operate with each other and is to be collectively treated. Intentional islanding is a situation in which a micro grid which consist of load and dg is isolated from the reminder utility system. Under normal condition that is dg in grid tied mode it operates in the current source control mode and when the grid is isolated from the utility that is in intentional islanding condition this operating condition changes to voltage source control mode. In this mode the micro grid will provide a constant voltage to the local load.........

Keywords –DG- Distributed Generation, grid connected operations Intentional islanding.

[1]. Rashad M. kamel, "Maintaining stability of standalone Micro grid by employing electrical and mechanical fault ride through techniques upon fixed speed wind generation system", Energy Conversion and management, pp 149-161 2013.
[2]. Gaurav. K. Kasal and Bhim singh, "Voltage and Frequency Controller for an Asynchronous Generator-Based Isolated Wind Energy Conversion System", IEEE Transation on Energy Conversion,Vol.26,no.2,June 2011.
[3]. P.K.Goel,B.singh,S.S.Murthyand N.Kishore, "Isolated Wind-Hydro Hybrid System Using Cage Generators and Battery Storage" ,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol.58,no.4,April 2011.
[4]. V. Rajagopal, Bhim Singh, "Design of a stae-Hexagon Transformer based Electronic Load Controller for isolated Pico Hydro Generating System", third International Conference on power Systems, Kharagpur, pp no.153,Dec 2009.
[5]. R. H. Lasseter, "Micro grids(distributed power generation)",IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,vol.01,pp.146-149,Columbus,ohio, feb 2001.

There has been an increasing interest in transformer less inverter for grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system due to low cost, high efficiency, light weight, etc. Therefore, many transformer less topologies have been proposed and verified with real power injection only. Recently, almost every international regulation has imposed that a definite amount of reactive power should be handled by the grid-tied PV inverter. According to the standard VDEAR-N 4105, grid-tied PV inverter of power rating below 3.68KVA, should attain power factor (PF) from 0.95 leading to 0.95 lagging. In this paper, a new high efficiency transformerless topology is proposed for grid-tied PV system with reactive power control. The new topology structure and detail operation principle with reactive power flow is described........

Keywords: Component; Common mode, converter, high efficiency, leakage current, reactive power, transformer less.

[1]. Monirul Islam, Nadia Afrin, and Saad Mekhilef, Senior Member, IEEE "Efficient Single Phase Transformerless Inverter for Grid-Tied PVG System With Reactive Power Control" IEEE Transactions On Sustainable Energy,2016.
[2]. M. Islam and S.Mekhilef, "H6-type transformerless single-phase inverter for grid-tied photovoltaic system," IET Power Electron., vol. 8, pp. 636– 644, 2015.
[3]. M. Islam and S. Mekhilef, "An improved transformerless grid connected photovoltaic inverter with reduced leakage current," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 88, pp. 854–862, 2014.
[4]. M. Islam and S. Mekhilef, "High efficiency transformerless MOSFET inverter for grid-tied photovoltaic system," in Proc. 29th Annu. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo. (APEC), 2014, pp. 3356–3361.
[5]. G. Bin, J. Dominic, L. Jih-Sheng, C. Chien-Liang, T. LaBella, and C. Baifeng, "High reliability and efficiency single-phase transformerless inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2235–2245, May 2013.

The basic concept in designing of any power lines in transmission of ac-dc power with power upgrading using UPFC is proposed through a single circuit ac transmission line. In this proposal certain limitation are their due to the use of ground as return path. More ever the instantaneous value of each conductor voltage with respect to ground becomes higher than the Line-Line voltage. By using UPFC that is unified power flow controller we can make it possible to handle practically all power flow control and transmission line compensation problem which provide functional flexibility in power which is not possible by the use of conventional thyristor control system. In this paper we have design UPFC to improve stability of power oscillation that are caused due to non-linearity of the load. MATLAB -Simulink model has been develop for this concept.

Keywords:Control system, MATLAB, UPFC, power devices.

[1]. L. Gyugyi, C.D. Schauder, S.I. Williams, T.R. Reitman, D.R.Torgerson and A. Edris, 1995, "The Unified Power Flow Controller:A new approach to power transmission control", IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 10(2), pp. 1085-1095.
[2]. M. Noroozian, L. Angquist, M. Ghandhari, G. Andersson, 1997, "Use ofUPFC for Optimal Power Flow Control,"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 12(4), pp. 1629-1634.
[3]. B.A. Renz, A. Keri, A.S. Mehraben, C. Schauder, E. Stacey, I.Kovalsky, L. Gyugyi, and A. Edris, 1999, "AEP Unified Power Flow Controller Performance", IEEE Trans. o Power Delivery, 14(4), pp.1374-1381.
[4]. L.Gyugi, Unified power flow controller concept for flexible ACtransmission systems, IEEE Proceedings-C, Vol.139, No.4, July 1992,pp. 323-331.
[5]. K.S. Verma,, S.N. Singh, H.O. Gupta, Location of unified power flowcontroller for congestion management, Electric Power Systems Research 58 (2001) 89-96."

In this paper, a shunt Active Power Filter (APF) is proposed for the pay of symphonious flows and receptive power in contaminated condition and under unequal mains voltage. For this reason, a fluffy rationale controller is created to modify the vitality stockpiling of the dc voltage. The reference current calculation of the shunt APF depends on the immediate receptive power (p-q) hypothesis. We connected the framework dependent on PLL (Phase Locked Loop) so as to control the shunt APF under uneven mains voltage. Hysteresis Controllers is utilized to create exchanging signs of the voltage source inverter. MATLAB/SIMULINK control framework tool kit is utilized to reproduce the proposed framework. The outcomes demonstrate the viability of fluffy rationale control to improve the vitality stockpiling of the DC capacitor, the sinusoidal type of the current and the ideal of the responsive power pay. The proposed framework has accomplished a low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) which shows the viability of the exhibited strategy.

Keyward: FACTS, SMIB SYSTEM CASE STUDY, FUZZY LOGIC

[1]. M. Andersen and T.B. Alvsten, Static var compensator models for power flow and dynamic performance simulation, IEEE Industrial Applications Magazine, pp. 57–62, Vol. 14, (2014)
[2]. Y S. Kim, G.Yoo and J. song, A Practical application consideration for power system stabilizer (pss) control, IEEE Trans. on Power System, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 305-312, (2013)
[3]. H. Watanabe, T. Shimizu. And G. Kimura, Allocation of FACTS devices in hydrothermal system Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.72-78 (2014)
[4]. S.H. Hosseini, A. Ajami, Voltage Regulation and Transient Stability Enhancement of a Radial AC Transmission System using UPFC, IEEE Annual conference Industrial Electronics Society, Vol. 2, pp. 1150-1154 (2011)
[5]. Changiz Vatankhah and Ali Ebadi, Simulation of Unified Static Var Compensator power system stabilizer foe arresting subsynvhoronous resonance Res. J. Recent Sci,2(1),21-24(2013)

Renewable energy resources become very popular and commonly used now a days. The main purpose of this project is to be overcome the issues of energy crisis in today's World. To overcome this we used renewable energy resources manifold. This project deals with Techno-Economical study of solar static and dual axis tracker. The contest in converting sunlight to electricity via photovoltaic (PV) solar cell. Solar tracker superiority over stand still or single axis tracker to improve the quality of efficiency of the solar cell. Energy generation basically required huge starting investment. The outcome of the solar tracking system has analysed and compared with fixed solar panel and found better performance in terms of power and economically beneficial . Hence according to case study tracking system the Photovoltaic (PV)Panel are able to receive maximum sunlight that generate more energg

Keywords: Solar panel ,Solar tracking ,Microcontroller ,Renewable energy.

[1]. Seyad Samsamoddin, " Econometric analysis o f solar tracker system in India,a case study''vol .10,No.44.
[2]. Amit Chakraborty Chhoton, "Dual Axis Solar Tracking System-A Comprehensive Study".
[3]. Cheema, Sukhraj Singh. "Simulation studies on dual axis solar. photovoltaic panel tracking system." PhD diss., T hapar University Patiala,2012 425
[4]. S.Shanmugam and W.Christraj, " The Tracking of the Sun for Solar Paraboloidal Dish Concentrators",ASME Transactions,Vol.127,feb2005.
[5]. Data provide by Lokmat press industry using solar power ,buttibori ,Maharastra 441122.

In this paper presentation on pilot data coding in channel for MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) combination of both are increases the bit error rate performance for mobile wireless cellular system. We developed a new transmission coding scheme for MIMO-OFDM system for inter sub channel interference (ICI) self cancellation over high mobility fading channels between transmission and receiving processing .We transmit pilot data through the transmitting antennas signal via encoding system through the channel at receiver end this encoding data are decoding by decoding system than it use by the user.

Keywords: Inter Sub channel interference, MIMO-OFDM, rate reduction factor, Time varying channel

[1] W. Jeon, K. Chang, and Y. Cho, "An equalization technique for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems in time-variant multipath channels," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 47, pp. 27–32, Jan. 1999.
[2] A. Stamoulis, S. Diggavi, and N. Al-Dhahir, "Intercarrier interference in MIMO OFDM," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 50, pp. 2451– 2464, Oct. 2002.
[3] H. Hussein and R. Laurent, "Polynomial estimation of time-varying multipath gains with intercarrier interference mitigation in OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, pp. 140–151, Jan. 2009.
[4] Z. J. Tang, R. C. Cannizzaro, G. Leus, and P. Banelli, "Pilot-assisted time-varying channel estimation for OFDM systems," IEEE Trans Signal Process., vol. 55, pp. 2226–2238, May 2007.

The project is intended to improve an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase supply system. The project output resets automatically after a brief stoppage in the event short-term fault while it remains in tripped condition in case of long-lasting fault. The electrical substation which supply the power to the consumers i.e. industries or domestic can have failures due to some faults which can be short-term or long-lasting. These faults lead to considerable damage to the power system equipment. In India it is common to witness the let-downs in supply system due to the faults that occur during the transmission or distribution. The errors might be LG (Line to Ground), LL (Line to Line), 3L (Three lines) in the supply systems and these errors in three phase supply system can affect the power system. To stunned this problem a system is built.............

[1]. Kim bark, Edward Wilson, ScD; Power System Stability; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., London.
[2]. HAVRAN, F.J. 1999. Fault investigation on power transmission system. Internal document: 38, 96-99KELLER, P. 1998. Correct fault analysis. Eskom internal document
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[4]. Paul M. Anderson, "Analysis of Faulted Power Systems", the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1995.
[5]. Miroslav D. Markova, "Fault Analysis in Power Systems by Using the Fortes cue Method", TESLA Institute, 2009.
[6]. Jun Zhu Master Thesis, 2004.
[7]. D. C. Yu, D. Chen, S. Ramsey and D. G. Flynn, "AWindows Based Graphical Package for Symmetrical Components Analysis", IEEE Transactions on PowerSystems, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp 1742-1749, November 1995

In very little over 10 years, electricity power quality has fully grown from obscurity to a serious issue. Power quality is among the most things that's stressed and is taken into thought by power system utilities so as to satisfy the strain of power distributor and customers. At every passing day this issue has changing into a lot of serious and at identical time the user's demand on power quality additionally gets a lot of important. Therefore it's essential to determine an influence quality analysis system to observe power quality disturbance. Many analysis studies concerning the facility quality are done before and their aims of times targeting the gathering of information for an additional analysis............

Keywords: IEEE 14 Bus, Power quality (PQ)

[1]. J. Arrillaga, M.H.J. Bollen and N.R. Watson, "Power quality following deregulation, " Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 246–261, Feb. 2000.
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[5]. S. Dalai, B. Chatterjee, D. Dey, S. Chakravorti and K. Bhattacharya, "Rough-set-based feature selection and classification for power quality sensing device employing correlation techniques, " IEEE Sens. J., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 563-573, Feb. 2013.

The discontinuity of sunlight based photovoltaic (PV) control age makes issues the matrix, particularly for the islands or feeble networks. The utilities have forced ramp restrictions in certain nations or districts, for example, Germany, Puerto Rico, Ireland, Hawaii, and so forth. There are three different ways to accomplish control ramp-rate control (PRRC), one is by utilizing vitality stockpiling framework (ESS), the second is dynamic power diminishing, and the third is by utilizing ESS-MPPT half and half framework. The utilization of ESS is still unreasonably costly for utilities-level genuine power pay. It requires upkeep and has constrained lifetime. The regular dynamic power abridgement can't manage control drops. In this venture, we proposed a PRRC strategy which does not require any ESS. The PV age is abridged before the real shading happens by utilizing a determining framework. In this paper, we review various techniques which define the power ramp capabilities of PV systems and help researchers to decide which one is better for a given application.

Keywords- Power ramp, solar, PV, MPPT

[1]. M. Karimi, H. Mokhlis, K. Naidu, S.Uddin, and A.Bakar, "Photovoltaic entrance issues and effects in dispersion arrange an audit," Sustain. Vitality Rev, vol. 53, pp. 594– 605, 2016.
[2]. Y. Du, X. Li, H. Wen, and W. Xiao, "Irritation streamlining of most extreme power point following of photovoltaic power frameworks dependent on commonsense sunlight based irradiance information," in Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), IEEE sixteenth Workshop, 2015.
[3]. H. D. Yang, B. Kurtz, D. Nguyen, B. Urquhart, C. W. Chow, M. Ghonima, and J. Kleissl, "Sun based irradiance guaging utilizing a ground-based sky imager created at UC SAN DIEGO, volume = 103, year = 2014," Solar Energy, pp. 502– 504
[4]. W. Omran, M. Kazerani, and M. Salama, "Examination of techniques for decrease of intensity vacillations created from expansive network associated photovoltaic frameworks," IEEE Trans. on Energy Convers, vol. 26, pp. 318– 327, March 2011.
[5]. Y. Du, D. D. C. Lu, D. Cornforth, and G. James, "An investigation on the consonant issues at CSIRO microgrid," in IEEE ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), pp. 203– 207.

Because of the low maintenance and robustness induction motors have many applications in the industries. The speedcontrol of induction motor is more important to achieve maximumtorque and efficiency. Various speed control techniques like, DirectTorque Control, Sensorless Vector Control and Field OrientedControl. Soft computing technique –Fuzzy logic is applied in this work .We have carried on with the hardware implementation of speed control of inductionmotor using the fuzzy logic control . Using the arduino micro controller we have developed a hardware setup which is able to control the speed of induction motor .We conclude that we have been able to get a good control over the motor.

Key Words: Speed;Arudino Uno,Induction motor, Field Oriented Control, Fuzzy logic controller, Maximum torque, Membership function

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[3]. X. Xu and D. W. Novotny, "Selecting the flux reference for induction machine drives in the field weakening region," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 28, pp. 1353–1358, Nov. /Dec. 1992.
[4]. D. W. Novotny and T. A. Lipo. Vector Control and Dynamics of AC Drives, Oxford University Press, 1997.
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The Photovoltaic generation is rapidly popular by the use of solar radiations as it is renewable and pollution free source. This generation system is connected to the load by DC-DC converter and inverter system. In this power generation system, MPPT controller are used to extract the maximum power from PV panels. There are many methods of MPPT technique is available, but in this paper we have used incremental conductance method. BLDC motor which is also known as permanent magnet motors is being get used as a load, driven by commutated DC voltage. BLDC motor gaining popularity due to absence of brushes in motor and also increasingly used in every sector of market. Every system requires a protection system. So, for this we have used Arduino Microcontroller, which protects the BLDC motor from various fault conditions like overvoltage, overcurrent etc.

Keyword: MPPT, Incremental conductance method, BLDC motor, Arduino microcontroller.

[1]. C. Jain and B. Singh, "An Adjustable DC Link Voltage Based Control of Multifunctional Grid Interfaced Solar PV System," IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron. Early Access.
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In this paper We present the analysis and design of the e dc microgrid system for electrification. The microgrid configuration has been driven by field information gathered from India. The important parameter of such system depends on the Microgrid capacity of the transmission network which overflows the value of the voltage and the current from the main grid, which power the cost matrix analysis of the overall system which has to be equal. In this paper, we compute that the excessive cost of power (COE) for the proposed dc microgrid framework will be under minimal charges as put forth by the electrification governing agency according to the per kW-hr. We additionally present test results from a privately introduced dc..........

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hispaperdevelopsananalyticalmodelofanunbal-ancedradialdistributionsystemconsistingofasingl............

[1]. Zhixin Miao, LakshanPiyasinghe, JavadKhazaei, and Lingling Fan," Dynamic Phasor-Based Modeling of Unbalanced Radial Distribution Systems", IEEE transactions on power systems, vol. 30, no. 6, November 2015.
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