In this paper we have made an attempt to study the soil structure interaction effect of different soil, on structural behavior of building. When Structure supported on mat foundationsubjected to seismic loads. During dynamic loading the consideration of actual support flexibility reduces the overall stiffness of the structure. Therefore it is necessary to study dynamic soil structure interaction. The main aim of the present study is to analyse the building that is supported on mat foundation for different soil conditions and compare the results of storey displacement,column end forces and bending moments in beams. The analysis of the soil structure is done by using STAAD PRO. analysis package.

Keywords –Soil Structure Interaction, Subgrade Modulus, Story Drift.

[1]. Bowles J E., "Foundation Analysis and Design", McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1982.
[2]. Daloglu A. T. and Vallabhan C. V. G., "Values of K for slab on Winkler foundation" Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 126, No.5, 2000 p. 361-371.
[3]. Fwa T.F., Shi X.P. and Tan S.A. , "Use of Pasternak foundation model in concrete pavement analysis" Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 122, No.4, 1996 p. 323-328.
[4]. Horvath J. S., "Modulus of subgrade reaction: new perspective," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 12, 1983, p. 1591-1596.
[5]. IS 875(Part 1): 1987: Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than earthquake loads) For Buildings and Structures. (Dead Loads)

This Steel Design Codes Are In The Process Of Evolution Over The Years. The Design Approach
Has Been Changing Over The Years. The Indian Codes Now Follow Limit State Design Approach In Line With
Other International Codes. Different Tools Are Used In The Steel And Offshore Steel Industry For The Design
Of Steel Elements. The Need Of Such Design Tools Is Required In Situations Of Primary, Secondary And
Tertiary Steel Elements In The Steel Industry. The Three Kinds Of Steel Elements Are The Elements That
Support Major, Moderate And Minor Equipment Or Loading. There Are Two Types Of Beam One Is Laterally
Supported Beam And Other Is Laterally Unsupported Beam .In Laterally Supported Beams Full Lateral Support
Is Provided By Rc Slab. But In Some Cases It Is Not Possible.......

Keywords: Laterally Unsupported Beam, Lateral Torsional Buckling, Gantry Girder

[1]. Fatimah Denan1, Mohd Hanim Osman2 & Sariffuddin Saad3, "The study of LTB behavior of beam with trapezoid web steel section by experimental and FEA",IJRRAS 2 (3) March [2010]
[2]. Seung-Eock Kima,_, Chia-Ming Uangb, Se-Hyu Choic, Ki-Yong Ana," Practical advanced analysis of steel frames considering lateral-torsional buckling", Thin-Walled Structures 44 (2006) 709–720 [2006]
[3]. Lopez , Danny, Serena,Practical advanced analysis of steel frames considering lateral-torsional buckling[2006].
[4]. H. SHOW KATI,"Lateral torsional buckling of steel beam", Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B, Engineering, Vol. 32, No. B2, pp 153-156 [2008]
[5]. "Stresses in bracings due to lateral torsional buckling of beams", R. Kindmann1 Vette11Institute of steel and composite structures, University of Bochum, Germany [2009]

The infrastructural boom during last decade as resulted in construction of many high rise structures in all mega cities Due to the existence of architect and structural designer have provided floating column in many location in structure. The building become vulnerable to earthquake hazard due to improper way of flow of earthquake force to ground due to discontinuity in the form of floating column brought into structure floating column provided at some location such as balcony result in close loop and redistribution of moment and forces may prove to be beneficial in restricting dimension of beam and column it may also hell in achieving in desire economy larger spans would..........

Keywords:Floating Columns, Seismic Zones, Critical Load Combinations, response spectrum

[1]. AgarwalPankaj, Shrikhande Manish (2009), Earthquake resistant design of structures, PHI learning private limited, New Delhi.
[2]. Jaswant N. Arlekar, Sudhir K. Jain and C.V.R. Murty, "Seismic Response of RC Frame Buildings with Soft First Storey's", Proceedings of the CBRI Golden Jubilee Conference on Natural Hazards in Urban Habitat, 1997, New Delhi.
[3]. PrernaNautiyal, SaleemAkhtar and GeetaBatham, "Seismic response evaluation of RC frame building with floating column considering different soil conditions", International Journal Of Current Engineering And Technology, E-ISSN: 2277 – 4106, (February 2014), Pp.132-138.
[4]. Awkar J.C. and Lui E.M (1997), Seismic analysis and response of multistory semi rigid frames, Journal of Engineering Structures, Volume 21, Issue 5, Page no: 425- 442, 1997
[5]. Shaikh Abdul Aijaj Abdul Rahman1, GirishDeshmukh Seismic Response of Vertically Irregular RC Frame with Stiffness Irregularity at Fourth Floor International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013

Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost all the parts of the world. The use of steel structures is not only economical but also Eco-friendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming. Here, "economical" word is stated considering time and cost. Time being the most important aspect, steel structures (Pre-fabricated) is built in very short period and one such example is Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB). Pre-engineered buildings are nothing but steel buildings in which excess steel is avoided by tapering the sections as per the bending moment's requirement. One may think about its possibility, but it's a fact many people are not aware about Pre Engineered Buildings. If we go for regular steel structures, time frame will be more, and also cost will be more, and both together i.e. time and cost, makes it uneconomical............

Keywords: Conventional Steel Structures, Pre-Engineered Building, Pre-fabricated, Economical, Loads, Dynamic Analysis

[1]. Neha R. Kolate, Shipa Kewate (July 2015) Comparative study of PEB and CSB.
[2]. S. D. Charkha and Latesh S. Sanklecha (June 2014) Observes that constantly increasing cost of steel giving rise to an uneconomical construction practice.
[3]. Shrunkhal V Bhagatkar, Farman Iqbal Shaikh, Bhanu Prakash Gupta and Deepak Kharta (March 2015) on "A Study on Pre- Engineered Building – A Construction Technique". International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 5, Issue 3, (Part -2) pp.05-09.
[4]. Milind Bhojkar and Milind Darade (December 2014) on "Comparison of Pre Engineering Building and Steel Building with Cost and Time Effectiveness". International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology (IJISET), Vol. 1 Issue 10.
[5]. G. Sai Kiran, A. Kailasa Rao, R. Pradeep Kumar (August 2014) on "Comparison of Design Procedures for Pre Engineering Buildings (PEB): A Case Study". International Journal of Civil, Architectural, Structural &Construction Engineering (IJCASCE), Volume 8, No. 4

Earthquake is a compartment of structural analysis which involves the computation of the response of a structure subjected to earthquake excitation. This is required for carrying out the structural design, structural assessment and retrofitting of the structures in the regions where earthquakes are prevalent. Fast urbanization has led to construction of a large number of multistoried buildings. Buildings Safety from seismic point of view is important. Now a days number of tall buildings are going on increasing which are quite flexible and having very low damping value to minimize increasing space problems in urban areas. Base isolation techniques are quite effective. It requires insertion at foundation level..............

Keywords: Tuned Mass Damper, Time history analysis, ETABS.

[1]. McNamara RJ. Tuned mass dampers for buildings. Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE 1977;103(ST9):1785–98.
[2]. Jangid RS. Dynamic characteristics of structures with multiple tuned mass dampers. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 1995;3:497–509.
[3]. Lin CC, Ueng JM, Wang JF. Vibration control identification of MDOF structures with tuned mass damper. International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Vibration, Noise and Control, Hong Kong 1995;2:887–94.
[4]. Luft RW. Optimal tuned mass dampers for buildings. Journal of the Structure Division, ASCE 1979;105:2766–72.
[5]. Frahm H. Device for damping vibration of bodies. U.S. Patent No.989-958; 1911.

Worldwide different types of RC and steel structures with various floor systems are being used for multistory buildings. In the past, masonry structures were widely used for building construction. Day by day technology has developed. Later, steel structural systems were started for multistory buildings. With the introduction of reinforced concrete, RC structural systems started for multistory building construction. RC floor system supported on steel beam was historically designed as non composite. With the advent of welding, it became practical to provide mechanical shear connectors to consider composite action. Due to failure of many multistoried and low-rise RC and masonry buildings due to earthquake...........

Keywords: Laterally Unsupported Beam, Lateral Torsional Buckling, Gantry Girder.

[1]. Dr. N. Subramanian, ‗Design of steel structures.
[2]. Dr. N. Subramanian (2008), ―Pre-engineered Buildings Selection of Framing System, Roofing and Wall Materials‖.
[3]. AISC: American Institute of Steel Construction-1989, Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design.
[4]. Technical Manual, Zamil Steel, Saudi Arabia, Pre-Engineered Buildings Division.
[5]. Indian Standard: 1893 (Part1); 2002. Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structures: New Delhi: BIS; 2002

Recommendations provided by seismic codes help the designer to improve the behaviour of structures so that they may withstand the earthquake effects without significant loss. Therefore, the seismic code needs revision from time to time. IS: 1893-2002 has been revised in year 2002 after the gap of 18 years (IS:1893-1984). Now this is again revised as IS: 1893 2016. The building designed as per the earlier version of the code may be checked for recommendations made by the revised code. Such comparison is to be carried out to establish whether existing buildings designed by earlier version are safe for revised recommendations also. Buildings known to possess structural deficiency should be retrofitted to withstand expected design earthquake vibrations.

Keywords: Retrofitting, Revision of code, Earthquake effect, Vibration, Structural behaviour, Seismic code.

[1]. A. A. Kale, S. A. Rasal, Seismic & Wind Analysis of Multistory Building: A Review, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 6 Issue 3, March 2017.
[2]. N.Veerababu, B Anil Kumar, Design of Earthquake Resistant Building Using Response Spectra, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer, Vol 4, No. 1, 2016
[3]. K Venu Manikanta, Dr. Dumpa Venkateswarlu, Comparative Study On Design Results Of A Multi- Storied Building Using Staad Pro And ETABS For Regular And Irregular Plan Configuration, Volume 2, Issue 15, PP: 204 - 215, September' 2016.
[4]. Sanjay Kumar Sadh, Dr. Umesh Pendharkar, Effect of Aspect Ratio & Plan Configurations on Seismic Performance of Multistoreyed Regular R.C.C. Buildings: An Evaluation by Static Analysis, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2016.

Earthquake induces lateral forces on the parent element of building. Columns are the primary lateral load resisting element of building, so to reduce the effect of earthquake on building structure bracing systems are effectively used now a days as bracing system is lateral force resisting system. The lateral forces on columns is transmitted to braces through beam column joints axially. Bracing members descends the lateral deflection of the building by buckling and yielding during axial compression and tension respectively. Braces can be installed within frames in various configurations like diagonal, X, V (chevron), inverted V and K. This paper presents a review of the previous work on seismic response control of multistory RC building using various types of bracing system.

Keywords:RCC Frame Structure, Multi Storey, Bracing System, Non linear Dynamic Time History Analysis

[1]. Moghaddam H., Hajirasouliha I., Doostan A., "Optimum seismic design of concentrically braced steel frames: concepts and design procedures", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Elsevier Science Direct, 2005, Vol. 61, pp. 151–166.
[2]. Hjelmstad K. D. and Popov E. P., " Characteristics of Eccentrically Braced Frames", Journal of Structural Engineering, American Society for Civil Engineering(ASCE), 1984, Vol. 110, No. 2, pp 340 - 353.
[3]. Maheri M. R. and Sahebi A., " Use of steel bracing in reinforced concrete flames", Journal of Engineering Structures, Elsevier Science Direct, 1997, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 1018-1024.
[4]. Qiu C.-X., Zhu S., " High-mode effects on seismic performance of multi-story self-centering braced steel frames", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Elsevier Science Direct, 2016, Vol. 119, pp. 133 - 143.
[5]. Youssef M.A., Ghaffarzadebh H. and Nehdi M. , " Seismic Performance of RC Frames with Concentric Internal Steel Brace" Engineering Structures, Elsevier Science Direct, Vol. 29, pp. 1561 - 1568, 2008

The main aim of this study is to understand the behavior of elevated circular storage reservoir of large capacity for different staging height, so as to get better performance of structure during any climatic conditions. Normal type of bracing is applied to the staging of elevated circular water tank for earthquake zone II of India. Analysis is carried using Staad Pro. Software. Nine models are used for calculating base shear and displacements for different H/D ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. Variation of staging height is 14m, 18m, 22m i.e. at 4m interval each. Sloshing forces and base shear was calculated from IIT Kanpur GSDMA and IS 1893(Part II):2014. Hydrodynamic pressure for impulsive and convective mode was calculated. An attempt has been made to study the effect of variations in staging height on the seismic behavior of elevated water tank.Keywords- Circular water tank; Convective pressure; Impulsive pressure; sloshing height

[1]. Criteria for design of RCC staging for overhead water tanks (First Revision of IS 11682).
[2]. A Review of Requirement in Indian codes for a seismic design of elevated water tanks - Sudhir K.Jain, Sajjid Sameer U.
[3]. IITK-GSDMA guidelines for the seismic design of Liquid storage tanks. Provisions with Commentary and Explanatory Examples.
[4]. IS 1893(Part II):2014 "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Structures", Liquid Retaining Structures
[5]. E-Course on Seismic Design of Tanks/January 2006 Lecture 1 to 5 by Sudhir Jain, IIT Kanpur
[6]. IS 11682:1985, "Criteria for Design of RCC Staging for Overhead Water Tanks", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

A set-back is a step like recession in the profile of a high-rise building. The design code, IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, was not clear about the definition of building height for computation of fundamental natural period of set-back buildings. The bay-wise variation of height in set-back buildings made it difficult to compute the fundamental natural period of such buildings. But a method is introduced in IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 for arriving at the approximate fundamental natural period of buildings with basements, set-back buildings and buildings on hill slopes. With this background it is found essential to study the effect of set-backs on the fundamental natural period of buildings............

Key Words:Dynamic Analysis, Equivalent Static Method, Response Spectrum Method, Set-back Building, Vertical Geometric Irregularity

[1]. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setback_(architecture)
[2]. Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/technology/setback
[3]. IS 1893. (2002), "Bureau of Indian Standards - Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1: General Provisions and Buildings (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi)", New Delhi, India.
[4]. IS 1893. (2016), "Bureau of Indian Standards - Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1: General Provisions and Buildings (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi)", New Delhi, India.
[5]. IS 456. (2000), "Bureau of Indian Standards - Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi)", New Delhi, India.

The object of this study is to assess the seismic behaviour of RCC Columns with different cross sections. In this paper, three different shapes are implemented as column cross section such L-shaped, Teeshaped and Rectangular. The earthquake response of a symmetrical RCC framed Structure is studied with the ETABS software. For the analysis of G+10 RCC flat scheme structure, response spectrum method recommended by IS 1893:2002 was used and structure was assumed to be situated in earthquake zone V on a medium soil (type II). The parameter evaluated is mainly Base Shear.

Keyword: Base Shear, G+10 framed structure, RCC Columns, Response spectrum method, ETABS software.

[1]. Mahesh N. Patil, Yogesh N. Sonawane, "Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building", International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), ISSN: 2277-3754, Vol. 4, Issue 9, March 2015
[2]. Kulkarni J.G., Kore P. N., S. B. Tanawade, "Analysis of Multi-storey Building Frames Subjected to Gravity and Seismic Loads with Varying Inertia" ISSN: 2277-3754 International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 10, April 2013
[3]. K. Rama Raju, M.I. Shereef, Nagesh R Iyer, S. Gopalakrishnan, "Analysis And Design of RC Tall Building Subjected to Wind and Earthquake Loads" The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, December 10–14, 2013, Chennai, India

It was challenge for the Engineers to meet the demand for modern high rise buildings being constructed with modern architectural planning & R.C.C. Design technique with quality and speed. Due to this mindset, the quality of construction is compromised to large extent, where adequate technique & supervision during the construction was deficient. In this assessment, we have carried out Non Destructive Testing i.e. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test and Rebound Hammer Test on the newly constructed building at Aurangabad for observing critical areas and analyze the condition of structure for saving human lives and life of building. In the present paper, the assessment results are discussed with recommended strengthening scheme. Based upon all the Non Destructive Test results it is observed that existing structure requires repair and retrofitting at few locations. As per Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test and Rebound Hammer Test on column it is observed that micro cracks and major honeycombing are present in column..

Keywords: Condition Assessment, Non Destructive Testing, Concrete, Failure of Structure

[1]. B. H. Chafekar, O. S. Kadam, K. B. Kale, S. R. Mohite, P. A. Shinde, V. P. Koyle, "Structural Audit" International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research (IJCSER), Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 42-46, October 2013.
[2]. Rajan L. Wankhade, Amarsinh B. Landage, "Non-destructive Testing of Concrete Structures in Karad Region," ELSEVIER, SciVerse ScienceDirect, Procedia Engineering 51, pp. 8-18, 2013.
[3]. S. Bhaskar, P. Shrinivasan, A. Chellapan, "Condition Assessment of 30 Years Old Overhead RCC Reservior," National Seminar on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE-2006, pp. 83-89, December 2006.
[4]. L. Chandrakanthamma, Deepashree A. B., Madhan ISP, Mohammed Haabil N., Vishvanathan R. C., "Assessment of Concrete Strength on Structure Using Non Destructive Testing," IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), e-ISSN: 2278-1678, p-ISSN: 2320-334X, pp. 01-04.

One of the major sources of waste generated in an automobile industry from painting process is paint-sludge. Paint-sludge is categorized as "Hazardous Material" according to the Hazardous Wastes [Management and Handling] Rules, 1989". Therefore, research work was aimed to characterize paint sludge. The sludge of an automobile industry was characterized for physico-chemical parameters viz; moisture content, ash content, calorific value, pH, calcium, magnesium, iron, chromium, copper, nickel, mercury, zinc, lead. Characterization was done for raw and treated sludge. The results of the samples were analysed and comparing it with the Indian Standards. It is found that the parameters tested were within the permissible limits. On the basis of these outputs and their interpretations the disposal methodology of the waste paint sludge can be worked out.

Keywords- Automobile, Disposal Methodology, Hazardous Waste, Permissible limit, Physico-chemical parameters.

[1]. Weinwurm P. (1992) Method of producing insoluble industrial raw material from waste. United States Patent No5,087,375, Feb. 11,1992..
[2]. Guray Salihoglu, Nezih Kamil Salihoglu "Areview on paint sludge from automotive industries: Generation, characteristics and Management "Article Journal of Environmental Management March2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.039
[3]. Miss. Shrutakirti A. Mahajan Dr. M. Husain (2016) "Utilization of Waste Sludge in Brick Making" International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management
[4]. Dr. A. Navaneetha Gopalakrishnan, (2016) "feasibility of making construction material using hazardous paint sludge" ISSN: 0976- 1353 Volume 22 Issue 2 – MAY 2016
[5]. Nguyen Trung Viet, Tran Thi My Dieu, Nguyen Thi Phuong (2013) "Current Status of Sludge Collection, Transportation and Treatment in Ho Chi Minh City"20th, 2013; Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013, 4, 1329-1335 Published Online December (2013)

The starch wastewater from corrugated cardboard and box manufacturing industry generated due to the process of machine washing. However, starch wastewater is high strength and not easily treated. Wastewater contains starch powder which is used as gluing agent used in pasting machine. The starch wastewater is milky white color. Both suspended and dissolved solids concentration present in starch wastewater are very high. This type of wastewater generally treated by conventional method such as sedimentation, coagulation and flocculation methods. This method gives limited purifying efficiency. In this work the treatment of starch wastewater by using solids and liquid...........

Keywords- BOD, COD, Starch, Treatment, wastewater, sludge.

[1]. Suchapa Netpradit, Areeya Poolsawat, Utaitip Noibut (2017), "Treatment of Wastewater Contaminated with Water-Based Varnish and Glue Using Wasted Chemical and Materials in Coating/Lamination Plant".
[2]. Andrea G. Capodaglio University of pavia, Italy. (2016), Rational application of water and wastewater management cardboard and paper industry according to sustainability criteria.
[3]. Desissa Yadeta (2016), Parameter Optimization for the Treatment of Paper Packaging Industrial Waste in Case of Unlimited Packaging.
[4]. Amal Bellarbi, Mohamed Monkade, Abdellah Zradba and Abdelghani Laameyem (2015), Wastewater Treatment of a Cardboard Manufacturing Plant by Infiltration Percolation.
[5]. Mona A. Abdel-Fatah, H. O. Sherif, and S. I. Hawash (2015), "Investigation on Wastewater Treatment of Maize Processing Effluent".

In India there are numerous old structures that are at the verge of damage. With due course of time the structure becomes weeks as the strength of concrete gets reduced. The reasons that can be considered for this reduced strength are poor quality of construction, improper maintenance, improper design mix, unskilled workmanship etc. Therefore the condition and performance of building must be checked from time to time. Structural health assessment is the appropriate solution to this issue. It enhances the performance of any existing structure. Non Destructive testing help to assess the health of structure & how much repairs, rehabilitation & retrofitting is required to bring back the structure........

Keywords- Non Destructive Testing, Repair, Rehabilitation, retrofitting

[1]. Prof. Dr. D. K. Kulkarni, Mr. Teke Sudhakar S., "Health Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures - A Case Study" IOSR Journal of Mechanical & Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), ISSN:2278-1684, PP:37-42
[2]. Namita R. Jain, Mr. K. N. Vishwanath., "Strength Assesment & Restoration of Rc Structure by Structural Health Evaluation -Case Study". International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN:2278-0181, Vol.2 Issue 7, 2013..
[3]. Kondapalli Harshda, K. Sundara Kumar. "Non Destructive Evaluation of Structural Health of a Building Using Rebound Hammer" International Research Journal of Engineering & Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072, Vol.2 Issue:09,2015.

In India, safety of old buildings is one of the major issues. As the strength of old buildings get reduced in due course of time it creates structural defects such as material deterioration, unexpected over loading, structural deficiency or physical damages and if further use of such deteriorated structure is continued it may leads to severe loss of life and property. As Structural Audit of old building is mandatory as per municipal authorities and Government of Maharashtra has made "Structural Audit" of all old building compulsory. The main objective of present work is to adopt Structural Auditing of 30 years old building which is situated at Nagpur (Maharashtra) with Schmidt's Hammer Test, Ultra........

Keywords- Structural Audit, Structural Engineering, NDT method, Structural Evaluation Program

[1]. Swapnil U Biraris, Aishwarya G Gujrathi, Abhishek D Pakhare, Anjali N Satbhai, Pournima K Vispute,'' Structural Audit of Old Structures", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume-43 Number-3 -January 2017
[2]. Jedidi Malek, Machta Kaouther, "Destructive and Non- destructive Testing of Concrete Structures" Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 8, No. 4, 2014
[3]. Patil S.R, Prof. Sayyed G.A, "Structural Audit", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN : 2278- 1684, p-ISSN : 2320–334X PP 60-64.
[4]. BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986 , British Standard Testing concrete Part 201. Guide to the use of nondestructive methods of test for hardened concrete.
[5]. Swapnil U Biraris, Aishwarya G Gujrathi, Abhishek D Pakhare , Anjali N Satbhai, Pournima K Vispute , ''Structural Audit of Old Structures'', International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology(IJETT)-Volume-43Number-3-January 2017).
[6]. Dr. Dilip P. Mase, A Case Study of Structural Assessment and Auditing report for Residential Building Nagpur (Maharashtra), August 2018.