Driving vehicles and hand-held power tools produce mechanical vibrations and are transmitted to the human hand affects the hand grip and instability. In this study, the measurement of vibration transmissibility while executing holding activities of hand is represented by a four and five degree of freedom human Hand Arm System (HAS) through mass-spring-damper system model. The proposed model, investigated biodynamic reaction properties of HAS at different parts of hand joints. The HAS Model simulated in MATLAB-SIMULINK software to analyse the displacement and acceleration. The vibration insulators have been proposed as grippers on handle of machine tools for minimize the vibration transmission through hand contact. The simulation output graph of HAS with vibration insulator..............

Keyword : Hand Arm System, Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome, Biodynamic model, Vibration Insulator, Isolator, MATLAB-SIMULINK, Accelerometer, NI-LABVIEW.

[1]. Ren G. Dong, Thomas W. McDowell and Daniel E. Welcome., Biodynamic Response at the Palm of the Human Hand Subjected to a Random Vibration. Industrial Health 2005, 43, 241–255
[2]. Robert G. Radwin, Thomas J. Armstrong, Don B. Chaffin, Gary D. Langolf and James W. Albers., Hand-Arm Frequency- Weighting Vibration Effects on Tactility. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 75-82, 1990
[3]. Khemnar K., Kabudke D., Vibration Transmissibility Characteristics of Human Hand-Arm System under Different Posture Using Drill Machine. International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IJRMEE) Volume: 3, page no 37 – 41, 2016.
[4]. R.G. Dong, A.W. Schopper, T.W. McDowell, D.E. Welcome, J.Z. Wu, W.P. Smutz, C. Warren, S. Rakheja., Vibration Energy Absorption (VEA) in Human Fingers-Hand-Arm System. Medical Engineering & Physics 26, 483–492, 2004.
[5]. GraziellaAghilone, Massimo Cavacece., Analysis of Driving Point Mechanical Impedance of the Human HAS. Progress in Vibration and Acoustics, Volume 1, 2013.

Forging process is one of the most important metal forming processes. Wear in cold forging and hot forging has become wide considerable and research factor in industries to recognize it. Products made by hot forging are pinions, crankshafts, rolls etc. while smaller components usually less than 50 kg such as screws, nuts and small jut6;nction details etc are made by cold forging. So to understand tribological aspects in forging process such as wear, friction and lubrication is important. The rotation of punch on work-piece produces some amount of material wear in punch and work-piece. Wear properties of metal and alloy have significant effect on serviceability and durability on machine component. To understand material behaviour and effect of chemical composition and temperature during forging, numerical and experimental investigation is important for cold forging. This paper focuses on tribological investigation to estimate wear and friction characteristics of aluminium alloy during cold forging process.

Keywords: Cold forging,Coefficient of friction,Frictionalforce,Wear,Frictional stress

[1]. Steven R. Schmid , Tribology in forging , Miguel Angel Selles Canto, DOI:http://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_618
[2]. Igor Velkavrha, Marco Lüchingerb, Kerstin Kernb, Stefan Kliena, Florian Ausserera, Joel Voyera, Alexander Diema, Michael Schreinerb, Wolfgang Tillmannc Using a standard pin-on-disc tribometer to analyse friction in a metal forming process, V-Research GmbH , Dornbirn, Austria b University of Applied Sciences NTB, 9471 Buchs SG, Switzerland University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany 114(2017)418-428
[3]. Kiener, R. Neher , M. Merklein Influence of tribological conditions on cold forging of gears, German Academic Society for Production Engineering. 10.1007/s11740-017-0785-9
[4]. ÖNCora, MAkkök and HDarendelilerModelling of variable friction in cold forging Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 10.1243/13506501JET419
[5]. Mutiu F Erinosho, Member, IAENG, and Esther T Akinlabi, Member, IAENG Study of Friction during Forging Operation Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2016 Vol II WCE 2016, June 29 - July 1, 2016, London, U.K.

Silt erosion in hydraulic turbines is a complex phenomenon. It can not only reduce the efficiency but also creates wear, fatigue failure, vibration and finally results in reduction in life of turbines. Pump as Turbine (PAT) is a very good alternative when used for low capacity hydro power plants because of its low cost. In the current study, experiments were executed to study the effects of silt erosion on the performance of PAT. The effects of particular silt size (700-1000 micron) with different concentrations (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) were studied for different time intervals (18, 36 and 54 hours). The results of silt laden water were compared with the results of clean water condition in non-dimensional form. The silt size and its concentration were found to be the important parameters affecting the material removal from the surface and the efficiency of PAT.

Keywords: Pump as Turbine (PAT), Silt concentration, Silt erosion, Silt laden water, Silt size

[1]. B S Mann, V Arya, Abrasive and erosive wear characteristics of plasma nitriding and HVOF coatings: their application in hydroturbines, Wear, 249(5-6), 2001, 354-60.
[2]. B S Mann, High-energy particle impact wear resistance of hard coatings and their application in hydroturbines, Wear, 237(1), 2000, 140-6.
[3]. V K Pande, Criteria for developing silt erosion model test facility, In. Conference of CBIP, 1987.
[4]. C S Singh, Operational problems and development of a new runner for silty water, International Water Power and Dam Construction IWPCDM, 42(11), 1990.
[5]. D Tong, Cavitation and wear on hydraulic machines, International Water Power and Dam Construction, 2 1981,30-40.

The domestic refrigerator is no more a luxurious item but is an essential commodity. The performance of refrigeration system working on vapor compression cycle is depends on condenser performance. The hot-wall heat exchanger is widely used as a condenser in household refrigerator. In modern refrigerator the bottom condenser is used as a part of condenser. The main purpose is toevaporates the drain waterand also used to desuperheat refrigerant before condensation. The research paper presents the heat transfer characterstics in bottom condenser with help of numerical simulation.The mathematical model is used to carry out the energy analysis of bottom condenser. The numerical simulation of bottom condenser is carried out, first with air as cooling medium and second, water as cooling medium...........

Keywords - Refrigerator, Condenser, VCR system, R-600a, CFD analysis.

[1]. Aprea C, Greco A, Maiorino A. An experimental evaluation of the greenhouse effect in the substitution of R134a with CO2. Energy. 2012;45(1):753–61.
[2]. Geppert J, Stamminger R. Analysis of effecting factors on domestic refrigerator's energy consumption in use. Energy Convers Manag. 2013;76:794–800.
[3]. Ayub ZH. Plate heat exchanger literature survey and new heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for refrigerant evaporators. Texas Heat Transf Eng. 2003;24(5):3–16.
[4]. J. K. Gupta, M. Ram Gopal "Modelling of hot-wall condesners for domestic refrigerators"International Journal of Refrigeration, 2008, 31(6), pp-979-988.
[5]. P. SajiRaveendran, S. Joseph Sekhar, "Performance studies on a domestic refrigerators retrofitted with building-integrated watercooled condenser", Energy and Buildings 134 (2017) 1–10.

Jaggery processing is one of the traditional agro-based industries mainly found in rural parts of India. Most of jaggery processing units employ open earth pan furnaces for juice concentration with sugarcane bagasse as a primary fuel. In conventional jaggery plants, wet bagasse is spread over the ground and dried under sunlight. This bagasse drying technique is time-consuming, space consuming and labour intensive. In the rainy season, conventional bagasse drying is impracticable due to unavailability of intense sunlight. Also use of alternative fuels such as wood, automotive tyres, petroleum products etc. for the operation of jaggery plant is uneconomical and non-eco-friendly.............

Keywords: Agro-based industries, CFD simulation, moisture removed, non-eco-friendly, waste heat recovered.

[1]. M.Esther Magdalene Sharon, CV Kavitha Abirami and K Algusundaram "Energy Losses in Traditional Jaggery Processing". Indian Food Industry Mag. Vol 32, May - June 2013
[2]. J. Sudhakar and P. Vijay " Control of Moisture Content in Bagasse by Using Bagasse Dryer.
[3]. Mr R. J. Panchal and S. M. Shinde " Effect of Bagasse Moisture on Boiler Performance. Vol 2, No. 3. 2016
[4]. Appasaheb Manjare and Jitendra Hole, "Exhaust Heat Recovery and Performance Improvement of Jaggery Making Furnace", International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 2106.
[5]. Lakshmi Pathi Jakkamputi, Mohan Mohan Jagadeesh Kumar Mandapathi, "Improving the Performance of Jaggery Making Unit Using Solar Energy", Perspectives in Science 2016.

Biogas being the most suitable form of renewable energy. It is most affordable as the capital investment required is less also per unit cost of production is less compared to other sources of energy. Biogas generation methods are discussed in the paper. Biogas is generated from different types of wastes. This paper proposes the sustainable business solution for usage of biogas as a fuel on large scale. Also provides detailed techno- commercial status to produce biogas from available waste and explores feasibility of implementation.

Keywords - Biogas energy,Techno-Commertial analysis,Business model

[1]. An overview of exploring the possibilities of energy generation from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Indian Scenario- R.P.Singh, V.V.Tyagi, et al , 2011.
[2]. MNRE Annual Report, 2014–2015.
[3]. Biogas generation potential by anaerobic digestion for sustainable energy development in India, P. Venkateshwara rao, Saroj. S. Bansal, et al, 2010.
[4]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320198729_Crop_residue_recycling_for_economic_and_environmental_sustainability_The_ case_of_India.
[5]. https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/pop. Source-Livestock census, DAHD&F, GoI.

In today's global market, introducing new product quickly and cost effectively is a major competitive advantage. With rapid advancement in automation technology increase in efficient design and manufacturing process is necessary. Manufacturers around the world are adopting automated machinery by replacing the traditional manually operated machinery. Almost every component has hundreds of different types and configurations which need to be produced at large quantity. Hence the use of ‗traditional design methods' seems inefficient due to lot of manual work and product development time which ultimately increases cost. Therefore, a new system known as ‗Parametric Design System' was introduced to meet the increasing demand by carrying computer assisted parametric design............

Keywords: Parametric Design, Feature Based Modelling, Knowledge Based Modelling

[1]. Necdet Geren, Osman Oktay Akçalı, Melih Bayramoğlu Parametric design of automotive ball joint based on variable design methodology using knowledge and feature-based computer assisted 3d modeling, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 66 (2017) 87–103
[2]. Shivraj Gurav, Lohake Pankaj Dilip, Jokar Omkar Kailas, Jamdade Amol Vinayak, Design of gear using parametric modeling, ISBN: 978-93-87793-13-2 DOI- 9th-10th April 2018
[3]. Umesh A. Bedse, Laukik P. Raut, design of a graphical user interface for design automation, IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
[4]. Prof. U. M. Nimbalkar, Akshaykumar. V. Kadam, automatic assembly modeling for product variants using parametric modeling concept, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV4IS040136 www.ijert.org, Vol. 4 Issue 04, April-2015.

Wear particle characterization is important feature to get the overview of machine condition monitoring as most of the failure occurs due to wear debris saturation. Ferrography is one of the important techniques used to separate wear particles from lubricating oil and examining them under bi-chromatic microscope. The objective of this paper is to calculate the wear severity index of lubricating oil samples using direct reading ferrography and to study the wear trend using analytical ferrography. This date can be used to diagnose the fault and decide oil maintenance policy.

Keywords : Ferrography, Ferrograph image, Wear, Wear severity index, Condition monitoring,

[1]. Manoj Kumar, Advancement and Current Status of Wear Debris Analysis for Machine Condition Monitoring: A Review, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 65, 2013pp-, 3-11.
[2]. S. Ghosh, B.Sarkar, Wear Characterization by Fractal Mathematics for Quality Improvement of Machine, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 11(4), 2005,pp- 318-332.
[3]. G. W. Stachowiak, Numerical Characterization of Wear Particles Morphology and Angularity of Particles and Surfaces, Tribology International, 31, 1998, pp-139-157.
[4]. Wei Hong, Wenjian Cai, Shaoping Wang, Mileta M. Tomovic, A Review for Mechanical Wear Debris Feature, Detection and Diagnosis, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 28, 2015.
[5]. Ivan Plascak, Tomislav Juric, Rudolf Emert, Application of Ferrography in Condition Based Maintenance, Journal of Theory and Application in Mechanical Engineering, 52, 2010,pp- 233-240.

The purpose of this study is to look into different factors that are used in transporting heavy loads. This study develops ahydraulic circuit to drive a conveying system dealing with heavy loads.Effective power transmission is an important parameter in transportation of heavy and delicate loads.Various safety circuits have been added in order to ensure stable working at high pressure and precise controlling. Also the circuit design and calculations of various components used are depicted along with the system simulation. The calculations are done and taken into account for designing the circuit. The results show that the system is stable and efficient enough to transmit heavy loads.

Keywords: Hydrostatic System,Hydraulic Pumps,Hydraulic Motor.

[1]. Tom V. Mathew et al,' Introduction to Transportation Engineering.
[2]. Ministry of Railways et al,' Research Design and Standard Organization, Technical Circular No.27, No. EL/3.1.39 / 1, Lucknow, 1998.
[3]. J.S. Cundiff et al,'Fluid power circuits and Control: Fundamentals and Applications (New York, CRC Press, 2001).
[4]. Mistry, K. A. et al,'Design and Analysis of Hydrostatic Transmission system ', IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering,2018, Issue 10, 2010, ISSN (online):1757-899X, PP 1-10.
[5]. Shrishrimal, A. et al, 'Design of two stage Planetary Gear Train for high reduction ratio, 'IJAERD - International Journal for Advance Engineering and Research Development, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018, ISSN (online): 2348-4470, PP- 400-408.

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the material used in various optical industries having high degree of surface finish. In this paper, experimental and simulation study has been carried out on CNC machine to obtain fine surface finish on the component. During the actual experimentation it was observed that the cutting parameters along with vibration affecting the surface finish. For the analysis experimental parameters were considered such as feed rate, depth of cut and speed. The response parameters are surface roughness and acceleration in Z-direction. In ANN, with the help of MATLAB the training of Neural Network has been done to gain the optimum solution. The predicted results of ANN for surface roughness are almost matching with experimental results whereas the predicted results of acceleration in Z-direction vary with very small margin from experimental values.

Keywords: Acceleration in Z-direction , ANN ,CNC, Diamond Turning, Surface Roughness

[1]. S. Zhang, J. Yu, S. To, Z. Xiong, "A theoretical and experimental study of spindle imbalance induced forced vibration and its eff ect on surface generation in diamond turning" , International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,133(2018)61-71.
[2]. Djavanroodi F., Omranpour B., SedighiM., " Artificial neural network modeling of ECAP process", Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2013, 28, 276–281.
[3]. Kuldip Singh Sangwana,* ,Sachin Saxena, Girish Kant, " Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Surface Roughness using Integrated ANN-GA Approach", Procedia CIRP,29,(2010),305-310.
[4]. M. Hanief, M.F. Wani, M.S. Charoo, "Modeling and prediction of cutting forces during the turning of red brass(C23000) using ANN and regression analysis", Engineering Science and technology, an international journal, 20, 3, ( 2017), 1220-1226
[5]. L. Monostoria, Zs.J. Viharosa, S. Markosba, "Satisfying various requirements in different levels and stages of machining using one general ANN-based process model", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 22,( 2000), 228-235

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are omnidirectional in nature. Lift type work on the conditions of lift produced on blades. Drag type harness power from wind by the effect of drag force. VAWTs require no yaw mechanism to continuously orient towards the wind direction. This work deals with the review study of vertical axis lift and drag type rotors and identifying various performance parameters to increase the power performance. It is observed that helical rotor has self starting capacity at low wind speeds. The egg beater shape has better stress bearing capacity as compared to other shapes, but generated insufficient torque for self starting nature.............

Keywords: Aspect ratio, Darrieus rotor, Savonius rotor, Power coefficient(Cp), Tip speed ratio(TSR), solidity.

[1]. S. Brusca , R. Lanzafame , M. Messina, Design of a vertical-axis wind turbine: how the aspect ratio affects the turbine's performance, Int J Energy Environ Eng (2014) 5:333–340.
[2]. L. Battisti1, A. Brighenti1, E. Benini1, M. Raciti Castelli2, Analysis of Different Blade Architectures on small VAWT Performance, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 753 (2016) 062009.
[3]. Pinku Debnath, Rajat Gupta , Krishna Murari Pandey, Performance analysis of helical rotor using computational fluid dynamics, ISESCO JOURNAL of Science and Technology Volume 10 - Number 18 - November 2014 (17-28)
[4]. Marco Raciti Castelli, Stefano De Betta and Ernesto Benini, Effect of Blade Number on a Straight-Bladed Vertical-Axis Darreius Wind Turbine, International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:6, No:1, 2012.
[5]. C.A. Consul, R.H.J Willden, E. Ferrer, M.D. McCulloch, Influence of Solidity on the Performance of a Cross-Flow Turbine, Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford.