In today's era, due to growth in population and increasing number of vehicles on the road, risk of accidents is high. Thousands lose their lives in vehicle accidents because of delayed emergency medical services. In hospital, sometimes required blood for certain blood groups is not available in time. Hence, efforts are made to avoid them by minimizing their consequences. Our main motive is to avoid the delay in aid after accidents. Smart helmet is connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth. The microcontroller in the smart helmet is used to keep track of related information of all parameters regarding accidents. Impact sensor is used to detect the vibrations of the impact on the helmet due to accident and accelerometer detects sudden changes in the X, Y and Z axes. When accidents happen, GPS is used to detect the current location of the rider and with help of Bluetooth technology, related information is sent to emergency contacts and nearby hospital through the android app.

Keyword :Accident detection, smart helmet, GPS, Bluetooth technology, Android app, Arduino, Impact sensor, accelerometer.

[1]. Christian Gorges, Kemal Ozturk, Robert Liebich, Impact detection using a machine learning approach and experimental road roughness classification, [July 2018], Mechanical Systems and Signal processing 117, pp. 738-756.
[2]. Himadri Nath Saha, Sayan Tapadar, Shinjini Ray, Arnab Kumar Saha, Robin Karlose, Accident and Alcohol Detection in Bluetooth enabled Smart Helmet for Motorbikes, IEEE 2018, pp 584-590.
[3]. Kishwer Abdul Khaliq, Syed Muddasar Raza, Omer Chughtai, Amir Qayyum, Jurgen Pannek, Experimental validation of an accident detection and management application in vehicular environment, Computers and Electrical Engineering 71(2018), pp. 137- 150.
[4]. Imran A Zualkernan, Fadi Aloul, Fayiz Basheer, Gurdit Khera and Shruthi Srinivasan, Intelligent Accident Detection Classification using Mobile Phones, IEEE 2018, pp. 504-509.
[5]. Yi-Cho Fang, Ren-Jye Dzeng, Accelerometer-based fall-portent detection algorithm for construction tiling operation, Automation in Construction 84(2017), pp. 214-230.

In Indian history, agriculture has been the backbone of the economy. This agricultural activity stay undeveloped thanks to various factors. Most of the activities area unit through with an absence of recent technology. Currently, seed classification is completed supported information of person. the aim of this study is to look at the prediction of crops which will offer high yield within the given location considering the climate and soil parameters..........

Keywords: Crop Prediction, Climate Factors, Soil Factors, Study of ML techniques for Prediction, ANN, Multi-linear regression, SVM .

[1]. Utkarsha , P. Narkhede , K. P. Adhiya, valuation of Modified K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Crop Prediction, International Journal of Advanced Computer Research , E Vol 4 , Issue 16, September 2014
[2]. Karandeep Kaur, Machine Learning: Applications in Indian Agriculture , International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016
[3]. Mukesh Meena and Pramod Kumar Singh, Crop Yield Forecasting Using Neural Networks, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , pp. 319-331, 2013
[4]. Statistical Analysis of the Relationship Between Wind Speed, Pressure and Temperature, Journal of Applied Sciences, volume 11, issue 15, 2011
[5]. How do weather and climate influence cropping area and intensity? ,Global Food Security 4 (2015) 46-50

The grooved rail pad is made of rubber which is non-linear visco-elastic material. Toe load will depend upon total thickness of liner, rail foot and rubber pad. In present study, non-linear behavior of rail pad is simulated and toe load vs. variation in thickness is calculated. For above study, special fixture is developed and test is conducted on rail pad in UTM. Similarly, the load vs. deformation of fixture was simulated in ansys for same loading step and hence the actual load vs. deflection of rail pad is obtained with UTM machine, according exponential model of rubber which will be utilized for further calculations. CATIA and ANSYS are used for developing model.

Keywords: Rail fastening, Non-linear, Simulation, ANSYS, FEM

[1]. Samuel G. Coroma, Mohommad FM Hussein and John S. Owen, Influence of Preload and Non-Linearity of Rail pads on Vibration of Railway Tracks under Stationary and Moving Harmonic Loads, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control, Vol.34 No.3 2015.
[2]. Shane Crawford, Martin Murray, John Powell, Development of Mechanistic Model for the Determination of Track Modulus, 7th International Heavy Haul, Brisbane, Australia, 2001.
[3]. K. Ganesh Babu, C.Sujatha, Track Modulus Analysis of Railway Track System using FEM, Journal of Vibration and Control, DOI: 10.1177/107754639341600, 2009.

In this paper, a brief introduction to vehicle primary suspension system is presented along with a semiactive suspension system with Bingham model for MR damper. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the forces transmitted by external excitation. The heart of a semiactive suspension system is the controllable damper. In this paper, the ride and handling performance of a vehicle with passive suspension system is compared to semiactive suspension system. The vehicle suspension system is modeled as a two degree of freedom quarter car model. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The behaviour of suspension system under continuous definite operating condition is summerised, without compromising on ride comfort. The simulation model of PID Controller has been developed for semi active suspension. Results are being quantified using vertical sprung mass acceleration and comparing with standards of ISO 2631-1:1997 Ride Comfort Chart.

Keywords - MR damper, Passive, Ride comfort, Bingham model, PID controller

[1]. M. M. Rashid, M. A. Hussain, N. Abd. Rahim, J.S Momoh, "Development of a semi-active car suspension control system using magneto-rheological damper model", International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 2 (2007), No. 2, 93-108.
[2]. R. N. Yerrawar, Dr. R. R. Arakerimath, S. R. Patil, P. S. Walunj,"Performance Comparison of Semi-Active Suspension and Active Suspension System Using MATLAB/ Simulink", International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 12, December 2014.
[3]. S. Mouleeswaran, "Design and development of PID controller-based active suspension system for automobiles", PSG college of technology Coimbatore, India.
[4]. K. Hassan and A. A. Dammed, "Control and Simulation of Semi-Active Suspension System using PID Controller for Automobiles under LABVIEW Simulink", International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 08 Oct 2017, Vol.7, No.5 (Sept/Oct 2017).
[5]. K. Dhananjay Rao, "Modelling, Simulation and Control of Semi Active Suspension System for Automobiles under MATLAB Simulink using PID Controller", third international conference on advance in control and optimisation of dynamic system(March13- 15)

Wind is amongst the most popular and fastest growing source of energy. Due to its abundance presence, the energy harnessed from it could contribute an indispensable share in meeting hiked energy requirements. Vertical axis wind turbines(VAWT) amongst many others unconventional energy generating devices could be used for energy generation purpose. Efficiency remains a crucial factor for justifying performance of a VAWT. VAWTs working due to generation of lift on turbine blades can be optimised to harness maximum energy. Small VAWTs operate at Reynolds number around 1,00,000 under some specific aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoil. These factors affect the turbine performance and its ability to self start.......

Keywords: Darrieus turbine, Savonius turbine, Vertical axis wind turbine,

[1]. R. E Sheldahl, P.C. Kilmas, aerodynamic characteristics of seven symmetrical airfoil sections through 180-degree angle of attack for use in aerodynamic analysis of vertical axis wind turbine(Sandia National Laboratories,1981).
[2]. S. Brusca, M. Messina, Design of a vertical axis wind turbine: how the aspect ratio affects the turbine's performance, International journal of Energy and Environmenatl Engineering, volume-5, issue -4, 333-340

The investigation aims to predict the fatigue life of thin cracked aluminum alloy skin repaired with an adhesively bonded composite patch.In the first part of study, the number of fatigue cycles required to initiatea crack on a existing pre-crackedbare specimen were experimentally obtained for different crack lengths. Further, its effect on the stress intensity factor was studied to find out the fatigue life of the bare specimen. In the second part, the effectiveness of the cracked specimen repaired by an asymmetrically bonded CFRP patch was investigated through experimentation.The skin of the centre- cracked specimen was made of 1 mm thick 6061-T6 aluminumalloy. The pre-crack of different crack length were cut using wire-EDM...........

Keywords - Aluminum alloy 6061-T6, center crack, CFRP patch, fatigue life, initiation cycles

[1]. Baker, A. (1991), "Fatigue crack propagation studies on aluminum panels patched with Boron/Epoxy composite", International Conference on Aircraft Damage Assessment and Repair, Institute of Engineers, Melbourne, Australia, 209-215.
[2]. Albedah, A., Sohail M.A. Khan, F. Benyahia and B. BachirBouiadjra, (2015), "Experimental analysis of the fatigue life of repaired cracked plate in aluminum alloy 7075 with bonded composite patch", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 675, 125–76.
[3]. Benyahia, F., L. Aminallah, A. Albedah, B. BachirBouiadjra and T. Achour, (2015), "Experimental and numerical analysis of bonded composite patch repair in aluminum alloy 7075 T6", Materials and Design, 73, 67–73.
[4]. BachirBouiadjra and Sohail M.A. Khan, (2015), "Comparison between composite and metallic patches for repairing aircraft structures of aluminum alloy 7075 T6", International Journal of Fatigue, 80, 128–135.
[5]. Chung, K. H. and W. H. Yang, (2003), "A study on the fatigue crack growth behavior of thick aluminum panels repaired with a composite patch", Composite Structures, 60, 1-7.

The evaporator is one type of heat exchanger which is used to transfer the heat from hot fluid to cold fluid efficiently and it is made up of various parts. Tube sheet are one of the major component of a shell and tube heat exchanger from structural and cost price. The design of tube sheet is need to be established and pattern of holes calculated to spread them evenly over the tube sheet surface. In tube sheet pattern, vapour spacing is provided for proper circulation of steam in tube sheet. Arrangement of tube sheet pattern are of various types namely, triangular, square, rectangular but most preferable pattern is triangular which achieve high turbulence and high heat transfer coefficient also distance between two tubes i.e.............

Keywords: Calandria, Evaporator, Tube sheet, Vapour line.

[1]. Kulbir Singh,S.Jalaldeen,P.Chellapandi,S.C.Chetal-Assessment of simplified tube sheet analysis based on three dimensional finite element simulation, Transasation,SMIRT21,(2011 ),1-8
[2]. Somankar Vikas,Tembhare G.U,Patil V.G-Optimization of tube sheet thickness of triple concentric pipe heat exchanger using ASME code, International Journal on Recent Technology in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering(IJRMEE)volume:2 Issue:6(2016),101-106
[3]. S.Murali, Y.Bhaskar Rao-A Simple Tube sheet Layout program for heat exchangers, American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences, (2008), 131-135
[4]. Cane sugar Engineering, Third, completely Revised, Edition, ELSEVIER Handbook: Evaporation, 1986(Chapter 32)
[5]. Evaporation Technology, MINTON Handbook, manual, 1986

R134a(Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant) is used in domestic refrigeration and other vapour compression system. R134a is having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and almost same thermodynamic properties as R12(Chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant), but it has a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1300.Hence an alternative for this refrigerant is to be identified. It is then necessary to prepare socioeconomically acceptable solutions to meet those needs without compromising future international commitments on the protection of the environment, particularly for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and better protection of the ozone layer by use of refrigerants neutral.............

Keywords : Vapour Compression Refrigeration System, Refrigerant, COP, ODP, GWP.

[1]. Ki-Jung Park, and Dongsoo Jung, "Thermodynamic performance of HCFC22 alternative refrigerants for residential air-conditioning applications," Energy and Buildings 39, pp. 675–680, 2007.
[2]. K. Mani, and V. Selladurai, "Experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture as drop-in replacement for CFC12 and HFC134a," International Journal of Thermal Sciences 47, pp. 1490–1495, 2008.
[3]. A.S. Dalkilic, and S. Wong wises, "A performance comparison of vapour-compression refrigeration system using various alternative refrigerants," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 37, pp. 1340–1349, 2010.
[4]. Vincenzo La Rocca, and Giuseppe Panno, "Experimental performance evaluation of a vapour compression refrigerating plant when replacing R22 with alternative refrigerants," Applied Energy 88, pp. 2809–2815, 2011.
[5]. Minxia Li, Chaobin Dang, and Eiji Hihara, "Flow boiling heat transfer of HFO1234yf and R32 refrigerant mixtures in a smooth horizontal tube: Part I. Experimental investigation," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55, pp.

Industries are facing an everyday challenge to produce more by spending less. Hence, Industries ponder over ideas that aim at saving money. Process Optimization leads to better results by reducing costs, time and resources. The main aim of process optimization is to reduce or eliminate time and resource wastage, unnecessary costs, bottlenecks and mistakes while achieving the process objectives. The importance of optimizing the process is in fact that after moulding of thermosets, it is not possible to melt and mould them again. Waste of time results in wastage of money which is a huge loss for company. The paper has proposed optimizations for productivity enhancement by saving time through Observations, Data Collection and Statistical Analysis. In this paper, MOST and comparative time study using different methods is discussed and impressive results would be brought and conceive the ideas to solve them. The results include the time in seconds which can be saved.

Keywords: Data Collection, MOST, Observations, Process Optimization, Statistical Analysis.

[1]. ASM Handbook on Composites (ASM International Publication; Vol. 21).
[2]. Autar K. Kaw, Mechanics of Composite Materials (CRC Press; Taylor & Francis Group; 2nd Edition, 2006).
[3]. Sanjay Mazumdar, Composites Manufacturing (CRC Press; Taylor & Francis Group; 2002).
[4]. Eugene L. Grant, Statistical Quality Control (Tata McGraw Hill; 7th Edition, 2017).
[5]. Kjell B. Zandin, Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook (CRC Press; Taylor & Francis Group; 5th Edition, 2002).

In this paper the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine test rig are determined and the results were optimized using Response surface methodology technique. Input parameters were load, fuel blend and the compression ratio. During experimentation the variation of the various blends of tyre pyrolysis oil like TPO 10, TPO 25,TPO 50 and TPO 75 were used and tested in the engine. Load was varied on the engine in the range of 25%, 50% 75% and full load. Compression ratio was varied as 12,14,16 and 18. Trial was conducted to evaluate engine performance parameters like BTE, BSFC, HC and emission characteristics like CO and NOx which were recorded for every set of experiment..............

Keywords: Variable compression ratio (VCR), Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), Response surface methodology (RSM), Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP)

[1]. K. Muralidharan D. Vasudeva, Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends, Applied energy 88 (2011) 3959-3968.
[2]. S. Kurre, S. Pandey, M. Saxena, Effect of Compression Ratio on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission with Diesel-Ethanol Blends,International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, October 2013
[3]. N. Mohite,SKumbhar,V. Kale and T. Mulla, Study of performance characteristics of variable compression ratio diesel engine using ethanol blends with diesel International journal of engineering science and technology, ISSN : 0975-5462 vol. 4 no. 06 June 2012.
[4]. Abhishek Reddy Nirmal Pratap Singh, Kolluri R V Sai Krishna, Anurag Priyedarshi, SN Singhe, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 10, (Part - 2) October 2015, pp.62-68.
[5]. Mohammed ELKassaby, Medhat A. Nemitallah ,Studying the effect of compression ratio on an engine fueled with waste oil produced biodiesel-diesel fuel Alexandria Engineering Journal (2013) 52, 1–11

Glass fiber reinforcement has been a recent trend and effective method for enhancing strength characteristic of metals, plastics, joints etc. at a very low competitive cost. Aluminum is a light weight metal with less strength characteristic as compared to other metals. Comparative analysis is made between aluminum and glass fiber reinforced aluminum specimen for studying strength properties. A nonlinear material approach is used for simulation. Experimental analysis will be done with help of three-point bending test. Force plots are used for comparing both models. FEA and experimental results will be validated by comparative analysis. Result and conclusion will be stated after the comparative analysis between FEA & Experimental testing.

Keywords: Aluminium, Aluminium Glass Fiber Reinforcement, FEA, Three Point Bending Test, Result

[1]. Alternative lightweight materials and component manufacturing technologies for vehicle frontal bumper beam G. Belingardi, A.T. Beyene, E.G. Koricho , B. Martorana
[2]. Design and manufacturing issues in the development of lightweight solution for a vehicle frontal bumper A.T. Beyenea , E.G. Korichob , G. Belingardib, B. Martorana
[3]. Sacrificial bumpers with high-impedance ceramic coating for orbital debris shielding: A preliminary experimental and numerical study Aleksandr Cherniaev, Igor Telichev
[4]. Development process of new bumper beam for passenger car: A review M.M. Davoodi, S.M. Sapuan , A. Aidy , N.A. Abu Osman , A.A. Oshkour, W.A.B. Wan Abas
[5]. Optimisation study of a vehicle bumper subsystem with fuzzy parameters L. Farkas a,n , D. Moens, S. Donders , D. Vandepitte