Background: Application errors can provide toxicity to coffee plants, burdening productive costs and reducing the physiological performance of plants. The objective of this work was to quantify the exodrift and soil deposition in simulated herbicide spraying in Conilon coffee inter-rows using different application technologies. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4×4 factorial scheme, with four compositions of spraying equipment (knapsack sprayer with fan nozzle without "Napoleon's hat"; knapsack sprayer with fan nozzle with Napoleon's hat; knapsack sprayer with air induction nozzle, and electrostatic knapsack sprayer) and four collection positions of syrup deposition (weed, soil, lower half of the coffee tree, and upper half of the coffee).

Keywords: Application Technology; Electrostatic; Herbicides; Drift; Canephora coffea.

[1]. Abdulla, I.Q., 2014. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of Ibuprofen derivatives. Natural Science 6, 47–53.Agairupdate (2000) El sistema de pulverización electrostática trae carga a la aviación agrícola. AgAirUpdate Latinoamerica, Perry, v.3, 3:14-15.
[2]. Arantes R et al. (2006) Uniformidade de distribuição volumétrica de pontas de pulverização de jato plano duplo com indução de ar. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 36 (1):61-66.
[3]. Barbosa BFF (2011) Controle de Ipomoea nil utilizando ponta centrífuga de pulverização em diferentes volumes de aplicação com esem adjuvante. Rev. Bras. Herb., 10 (3): 277-290.
[4]. Bauer, FC.; Raetano, CG & Pereira, F. de AR (2006) Padrões de distribuição volumétrica de pontas de pulverização de jato plano 11002, com e sem indução de ar, sob diferentes espaçamentos e alturas. Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, 26(2):546-551.
[5]. Blanco FMG & Velini, ED (2005) Persistência do herbicida sulfentrazone em solo cultivado com soja e seu efeito em culturas sucedâneas. Planta Daninha, Viçosa, 23(4):693-700

This study is aimed at the development and characterization of briquette fuel from Shea kernel cake as solid fuel for domestic and industrial applications. The proximate composition, ultimate composition, mechanical properties and calorific value of briquette were determined. The proximate composition of the briquette show that the fuel produced has a fixed carbon content of 31.2%, high volatile matter content (51.3%) and low ash content (2.8%). The result of ultimate analysis showed that briquette contains high amount of carbon (40%), oxygen (41%) hydrogen (8.3%) and relatively low quantity of sulphur (0.12%) which is within the standard values for briquettes except for nitrogen whose value was greater than 1 %. The heating value of Shea cake briquette was determined to be 19.89 MJ/kg. The high calorific value of the solid biomass fuel established its potential for domestic and small-scale industrial energy supply. Hence Shea cake briquette can be used as a clean solid renewable fuel for domestic and industrial energy supply.

Keywords: Briquette, energy, fuel, shea kernel, cake

[1]. Aina, O. M., Adetogun, A. C. and Iyiola, K. A. (2009). Heat Energy From Value-Added Sawdust Briquettes of Albizia Zygia. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2 (1), 42-49.
[2]. Antwi-Boasiako, C. and Acheampong, B. B. (2016) Strength properties and calorific values of sawdust-briquettes as wood-residue energy generation source from tropical hardwoods of different densities, Biomass and Bioenergy, 85 , 144-152.
[3]. Adetogun, A. C., Ogunjobi, K. M and Are, D. B. (2014) Combustion properties of briquettes produced from maize cob of different particle sizes, Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environmental, 6 (1): 28-34.
[4]. Abedin A, Abubakari, A.H, Quianoo A. K, Chimsah F. A, Nyarko G, Mahuna G. K, abagale F. K, Addai G. (2015). Preliminary studies on the effect of Shea kernel size Shea butter size. African journal on food science, 9(4), 237- 242.
[5]. Ademola A. O, Oyesola O. B, Osewa S. O. (2012). Assessment of sheabutter processing among rural dwellers in Atisbo local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(6), 1 - 08.

The application of Jatropha oil in heat treatment of aluminium alloy 6061 and corrosion behaviour of anodized alloy have been studied. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of Jatropha oil as alternative to mineral oil quenching media and also to examine the effectiveness of tartaric-sulphuric acid as alternative to chromic acid electrolyte for the anodization process. The aluminium alloy 6061 was prepared by melting high purity aluminium and other alloying elements at temperature 660 oC and cast into a cylindrical shape at 730 oC. The physicochemical properties (viscosity, acid value, iodine value andflash point) of Jatropha oil were evaluated. The aluminium alloy 6061 was heated to 530 oC for 2 hrs and quenched in Jatropha oil and mineral oil (SAE 20W/50) respectively and then age hardening at 120 oC for 5 hrs, anodization was conducted in a mixture of 80 g/l tartaric acid (C4H6O6) and 40 g/l sulphuric.......

[1]. Abdullahi, M. (2016).Investigation of the Effect of Heat Treatment and Anodization on the of Aluminium Alloy (AA 7075). MSc unpublished Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
[2]. Abubakre, O.K., Mamaki, U. P., &Muriana, R. A. (2009).Investigation of the Quenching Properties of Selected Media on 6061Aluminum Alloy. Journal of Minerals & MaterialsCharacterization & Engineering, 8(4), 303-315.
[3]. Agboola, J.B., Abubakre, O.K., Mudiare, E., Adeyemi M.B., & Hassan, S.B. (2015).Physico-chemical Characteristics and Fatty Acids Composition of Some Selected Nigerian Vegetable Oils for Quenching Medium. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 8(3), 246-253.
[4]. Alaa, M., AbdElnaiem, A., Mebed, A.M., Gaber, A., & Abdel-Rahim, M.A. (2013).Effect of the Anodization Parameters on the Volume Expansion of Anodized Aluminum Films, International JournalElectrochem. Sci., 8, 10515 – 10525.
[5]. American Society of Testing and Materials (2009).Standard Test Method for Iodine number. New York. American Society of Testing and Materials,16:45-50.

For deteriorating items following price and time price dependent demand, for vendor and buyer an optimal policy is developed. For obtaining system's optimal cycle time, multiple buyers single vendor model is formulated as profit maximization. Joint profits for buyers and vendor have also computed. To demonstrate the utility of the model, numerical example is presented with its sensitivity analysis.

Keywords: Different Deterioration, Multiple Buyers, Optimal strategy, Price dependent demand, Single Vendor, Supply chain, Time dependent demand

[1]. Banerjee, A. and Burton, J.S. (1994): Coordinated vs. independent inventory replenishment policies for a vendor and multiple buyers; International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 35, pp. 215–222.
[2]. Boyaci, T. and Gallego, G. (2002): Coordinating pricing and inventory replenishment policies for one wholesaler and one or more geographically dispersed retailers; International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 95–111.
[3]. Chang, C. T., Ouyang, L.Y., Teng, J.T., Lai, K. K. and Barron, L.E.C. (2019): Manufacturer's pricing and lot-sizing decisions for perishable goods under various payment terms by a discounted cash flow analysis; International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 658-662.
[4]. Chen, B.X., Chao, X.L. and Ahn, H.S. (2019): Coordinating pricing and inventory replenishment with nonparametric demand learning; Operations Research, Vol. 67, pp. 1035–1052.
[5]. Daryanto, Y., Wee, H.M. and Astanti, R.D. (2019): Three-echelon supply chain model considering carbon emission and item deterioration; Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev., Vol. 122, pp. 368–383.

When visiting a restaurant, there are different kinds of waiting times encountered by a customer. Out of those, the time of awaiting his/her order to be taken and time is taken for smaller intermediate requests like calling the waiter or request to process the bill can easily be eliminated by having an appropriate system in situ. Whereas waiting times like the time taken by the chef to arrange the dishes cannot be avoided. Many solutions are proposed to enhance the scenario. This project is again one attempt within the same direction. during this project, we discuss the automation of the ordering system. Here, we use components like Arduino, TFT display, and 433 MHz RF Transmitter/Receiver Module to try and build a prototype of the Smart Restaurant project. Here the transmitter section consists of an Arduino Uno, TFT display, and an RF transmitter. This setup is accessible for the purchasers to flick through the menu and choose their choice, and place their order. It also consists of additional options like "call waiter", "process bill" for the customer to use just in case unavoidably. The receiver section consists of an Arduino Uno, LCD module, RF receiver, and a buzzer, which can be installed within the restaurant kitchen to trace the order that has been placed and by which table.

Keywords: TFT module, RF Transmitter, Arduino Uno, LCD module.

[1]. Bhaskar Kumar Mishra, Bhawani Singh Choudhary, Tanmay Bakshi. Touch Based Digital Ordering System on Android using GSM and Bluetooth for Restaurants. IEEE INDICON 2015.
[2]. Noor Azah Samsudin, Shamsul Kamal Ahmad Khalid, Mohd Fikry Akmal Mohd Kohar, Zulkifli Senin, Mohd Nor Ihkasan. A customizable wireless food ordering system with realtime customer feedback. 2011 IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications (ISWTA), September 25-28, 2011, Langkawi, Malaysia.
[3]. Renjith V Ravi, Amrutha N R, Amritha E, Haneena.P, Jaseena.T. An Android Based Restaurant Automation System with Touch Screen. International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2019) IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19J06-ART
[4]. Mrs. Anisha Cotta, Miss. Naik Trupti Devidas, Miss. Alvira Dias, Miss. Sawant Nidhi Kalidas, Miss. Raikar Ankita Tanaji. Smart Restaurant Menu Ordering System. IJSTE, Volume 2, Issue 09, March 2016.
[5]. H. Shruthi Nandhini, C. P. Sunandha, S. Subasri, V. Sivaranjani. Automation in Food Ordering System and Bill Payment in Hotels using TFT Display. 2016 IJSRSET, Volume 2, Issue 2.

Background: Decision-making is a mental process to select among several possible alternatives. It is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision-maker. Value management is one of the decision-making tools. In case of decisions that related to determining the feasibility of construction or rehabilitation projects, real estate appraisal is very helpful. There are two main approaches for Land valuation; the first one depending on the economic value of the land in comparison with recent sales of similar plots under similar conditions. The second is focusing on the expected production potential of the land taking into account socio-economic considerations; it is suitable for rural areas and in regions where there is either no functional market and/or where there are very few land sales.

Keywords: Value management, Decision- making tools, Land evaluation approaches, Real estate Appraisal.

[1]. Paul J. H. Schoemaker and J. Edward Russo (2014) "Decision-making" DOI: 10.1057/ 9781137294678.0160 Palgrave Macmillan, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320042464
[2]. Ryan Watkins, Maurya West Meiers and Yusra Laila Visser (2011), " A Guide to Assessing Needs Essential Tools for Collecting Information, Making Decisions, and Achieving Development Results", THE WORLD BANK.
[3]. John Huber (2020), "TOOLS & TECHNIQUES USED IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS", Zhejiang Normal University.
[4]. Mujib Ul Hassan Siddiqui and Zaffar Ahmad Nadaf (2015). "Decision Making in Action: Variations and Styles" International Journal of Psychological and Mental Health ISSN 2395-5643. Volume: 1.
[5]. Parth, F. R. (2013). "Critical decision-making skills for project managers". Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2013—EMEA, Istanbul, Turkey. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute

Driver's safety is one of the main reasons why autonomous cars has been evolving these days. There are many accidents which takes place due to the negligence of the drivers and driving on the wrong lane or a sudden change in the lane. To overcome this problem autonomous car has come into the market. Here the foremost concern is the safety of the passengers and so for that reason lanes detection could be used as a safe driving option. The Lane detection device can be implemented using OpenCV and python programming. This system needs a front camera which can be mounted on a car and using the view from the camera and applying few processes, lanes can be detected easily. The lanes can be extracted using Hough transform through a pair of hyperbolas. The proposed system can be utilized on both painted and unpainted roads. This system can be used in any car for safe lane driving.

Keywords: Autonomous cars, hough transform, hyperbolas, lane detection, Open CV.

[1] Fallah, A., Soliemani, A., Khosravi, H. (2021). Real-time Lane Detection Based on Image Edge Feature and Hough Transform. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI), 9(2), 193-202. doi: 10.22061/jecei.2021.7659.418
[2] Wang, W., Lin, H. & Wang, J. CNN based lane detection with instance segmentation in edge-cloud computing. J Cloud Comp 9, 27 (2020).
[3] M. FENICHE and T. MAZRI, "Lane Detection and Tracking For Intelligent Vehicles: A Survey," 2019 International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies (ICCSRE), 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICCSRE.2019.8807727.
[4] A. Kamble and S. Potadar, "Lane Departure Warning System for Advanced Drivers Assistance," 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2018, pp. 1775-1778, doi: 10.1109/ICCONS.2018.8663242.
[5] M. V. G. Aziz, A. S. Prihatmanto and H. Hindersah, "Implementation of lane detection algorithm for self-driving car on toll road cipularang using Python language," 2017 4th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT), 2017, pp. 144-148, doi: 10.1109/ICEVT.2017.8323550.

This article presented the preparation of silver nanoparticles from AgNO3 salts with reducing agents ascorbic acid and capping agent Oleylamine by wet chemical method at 600C. The reduction of Ag+ into Ag was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy method. The morphology and particle size were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dyamic Light Scattering (DLS). The operability of capping agent Oleylamine was confirmed by infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT - IR). The results showed that silver nanoparticles were prepared with uniform particle size, 6 – 7 nm, at 410 nm.

Keywords: silver nanoparticles, wet chemical method

[1]. L. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Liang, X. Wan, Y. Chen (2011), "Graphene - Based conducting Inks for direct inkjet printing of flexible conductive patterns and their applications in electric circuits and chemical sensors", Nano Research, 4, pp.675-684.
[2]. V. Volkman, S.K. Pei, Y. Redinger, D. Yin, S. and Subramanian (2004), "Ink-jetted Silver/Copper conductors for printed RFID applications", Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 814, pp. I7.8.1-6.
[3]. D. Kim, S. Jeong,S. Lee, B.K. Park, and J. Moon (2007), "Organic thin film transistor using silver electrodes by the ink-jet printing technology", Thin Solid Films, 515, pp.7692-7696.
[4]. H.H. Lee, K.S. Chou (2005), Nanotechnology 16, pp.2436
[5]. A. Kosmala, R. Wright, Q. Zhang, P. Kirby (2011), "Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and fabrication of aqueous Ag ink for inkjet printing", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 129, pp.1075-1080.

Recognition the library's ancient books, transform them into text coding information, can reduce the workload of the ancient book workers .Deep Learning ODR methods divided some cumbersome processes into two main steps, one is the location of text detection for positioning text, and the other is text identification for identifying text. The Common text identification frames mainly have two, namely CNN + RNN + CTC and CNN + SEQ2SEQ + Attention. The Structure is similar, and the previous encoder CNN is mainly used for encoding extraction features, and the subsequent decoder RNN + CTC and SEQ2Seq + Attention are different. The text identification method has direct row text, curved text, character scale, and predetermined part. In deep learning, optimization and generalization techniques are particularly important, so a gradient decrease algorithm has occurred, and new technologies such as regular gradient cuttings used during training. Convolutional neural networks are one of the important algorithms that include convolutional calculations and have depth structures, is one of the important algorithms of deep learning.

Keywords: CNN, Machine Learning, Manuscript, RNN, Recognition.

[1]. Sermanet P, Chintalas, LeCun Y, Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to house numbers digit Classfication [J],Pattern Recognition. International Conferernce on 2012:3288-3291.
[2]. He P, et al. Reading Scene Text in Deep Convolutional Sequences[J]. Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2016.
[3]. Shi B, Bai X, Yao C. an End-to –end Trainable Neural Network for Image –based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2016.
[4]. Wang K, Babenko B, Belongie S. End-to –end Scene text recognition [C]//2011 Intenational Conference on Computer Vision IEEE,2012:1457-1464
[5]. Tensmeyer C, Martinez T. Document Image Binarization with Fully Convolutional Neural Networks[C].2017 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition(ICDAR). IEEE,2017.1:99-104

In Vietnam, the development of renewable power sources in general and solar power in particular has overheated recently, causing many difficulties in the operation of the national power system. The energy storage systems (ESSs) have several merits, such as transmission and distribution congestion relief, frequency and voltage regulation, smoothing of renewable energy power generation, demand shifting, peak reduction, spinning reserve, etc. The paper reviews the energy storage technologies in the world, their applications and prospects of their applications in Vietnam. Some characteristics of Vietnam's power system are discussed, especially the issues due to the deep integration of renewable energy into the power system. The paper also recommends potential energy storage technologies to be applied in Vietnam.

Keywords: Energy storage system, Li-ion battery, Vanadium redox flow battery, pumped storage hydroelectricity, renewable energy, Vietnam's power system.

[1]. "Annual operation report of national power dispatch and rooftop solar power statistics," EVN, 2020.
[2]. K Mongird, V Fotedar, V Viswanathan, V Koritarov, P Balducci, B Hadjerioua, J Alam, "Storage Cost and Performance Characterization Report," US Department of Energy, 2019.
[3]. "Study on energy storage - Contribution to security of the electricity supply in Europe," Europien Commision, 2020.
[4]. India Smart Grid Forum, India Energy Storage Alliance, "Energy Storage System - Roadmap for India: 2019-2032," 2019.
[5]. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, "Technology Roadmap: Energy storage," INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, 2014.

The examination of a patient's blood sample is an important task in the medical industry. A variety of health problems are caused by abnormalities in blood cells. RBCs (red blood cells) are one of the most important components of blood. The shape and size of red blood cells can be used to distinguish them from other cells. The traditional method of manually viewing RBC under microscope is a tiresome operation that can result in incorrect interpretation. There is another method called as rapid diagnostic test where it may not be able to detect infections with lower numbers of malaria parasites[1]. To eliminate these disadvantages of traditional methods, we came up with a machine learning approach where infected and uninfected datasets of images are trained. The preprocessed images are used to train a CNN binary model to determine the pattern that may be used to categorise malaria-infected red blood cells.

Keywords: RBC,Shape,Machine-Learning,CNN, Infected RBC, Uninfected RBC

[1]. .Maude, Stefan Jaeger, GeorgeThoma, " Image analysis and machin Mahdieh Poostchi , Kamolrat Silamutb ,Richard e learning for detecting malaria". In Translational Research Volume 194, April 2018, Pages 36-55.
[2]. Kunwar, Suman & Shrestha, Manchana & Shikhrakar, Rojesh. "Malaria Detection Using Image Processing and Machine Learning". Published in ResearchGate(2018). [3]. Devi SS, Roy A, Sharma M, Laskar R. 2nd international conference on computational intelligence and networks (CINE) IEEE; 2016. kNN classification based erythrocyte separation in microscopic images of thin blood smear; pp. 69–72. [4]. A. Bashir, Z. A. Mustafa, I. Abdelhameid and R. Ibrahem, "Detection of malaria parasites using digital image processing," In 2017 International Conference on Communication, Control, Computing and Electronics Engineering (ICCCCEE), 2017. [5]. Kirti Motwani, Abhishek Kanojiya, Cynara Gomes, Abhishek Yadav."Malaria Detection using Image Processing and Machine Learning ". Published by IJERT in NTASU – 2020 (Volume 09 – Issue 03

In Smart Cities generation of waste is increasing due to rapid growth of population, industries in urban areas and the biggest problem to authorities is collection of wastage from different locations. Due to the lack of proper information about 85% of the total municipal solid waste budget is spent on waste collection and transportation. To tackle this problem, we need an intelligent system to monitor waste and to give the complete information to authorities to solve the waste management problem in well-organized manner. Our proposed smart bin uses ultrasonic sensor and machine learning Techniques to identify the status of the bin and update it to the database in a regular interval. This minimize the usage of man power and other resources, moreover the bin uses image processing technique to identify the plastic bottles in the waste. This helps to segregate the biodegradable from non-biodegradable waste. It also helps to identify any suspicious material being placed in the bin. The best performing solution also improved the quality of forecasts for emptying time of recycling containers.

Keywords: Smart Waste Management, Sensors, Machine Learning Techniques, etc.

[1]. M F Omar, A A A Termizi, D Zainal, N A Wahap, N M Ismail, N Ahmad. "Implementation of spatial smart waste management system in Malaysia". 8th IGRSM International Conference and Exhibition on Remote Sensing & GIS, IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/37/1/012059.
[2]. Adil Bashir, Shoaib Amin Banday Ab. Rouf Khan, Mohammad Shafi. "Concept, Design and Implementation of Automatic Waste Management System". International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (ISSN 2321 – 8169) Volume: 1 Issue: 7 Page: 604 – 609.
[3]. Jose M. Gutierreza, Michael Jensenb, Morten Heniusa and Tahir Riazc. "Smart Waste Collection System Based on Location Intelligence". Procedia Computer Science 61 (2015) Page: 120 – 127
[4]. Parkash, Prabu V. "IoT Based Waste Management for Smart City". International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 2, February 2016.
[5]. Vikrant Bhor, PankajMorajkar, Maheshwar Gurav and Dishant Pandya. "Smart Garbage Management System". International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV4IS031175 Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015.

Alkaline earth stannates have garnered increased interest as possible materials for applications such as ceramic capacitors, gas sensing, and transparent conducting oxides. To create BaSnO3 powders with micron-sized grains, a noble wet chemical method is used. Various approaches have been used to address issues with irregular grains and inadequate densification in the traditional solid state pathway. At 150–450 °C, barium stannate demonstrated n-type semiconductor behaviour, with activation energy reliant on the annealing temperature of the material. The types of ionosorbed oxygen species that were most prevalent were estimated....

[1]. Azad, A.M. and Hon, N.C. (1998). Characterization of BaSnO3-Based Ceramics: Part 1. Synthesis, Processing and Microstructural Development. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 270, 95-106.
[2]. Cerda, J., Arbiol, J. and Dezanneau, G. (2002). Perovskite-Type BaSnO3 Powders for High Temperature Gas Sensor Applications. Sensors and Actuators B, 84, 21-25.
[3]. Cerda, J.; Arbiol, J.; Dezanneau, G.; D{az, R.; Morante, J.R. Perovskite-type BaSnO3 powders for high temperature gas sensor applications. Sens. Actuators B 2002, 84, 21–25.
[4]. Doroftei, C., Popa, P.D. and Iacomi, F. (2012). Study of the Influence of Nickel Ions Substitutes in Barium Stannates Used as Humidity Resistive Sensors. Sensors and Actuators A, 173, 24-29.
[5]. Farfan, J.C., Rodriguez, J.A., Fajardo, F., Vera Lopez, E., Tellez, D.A.L. and Rojas, J.R. (2009). Structural Properties, Electric Response and Electronic Feature of BaSnO3 Perovskite. Physica B, 404, 2720-2722.