Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Digital Watermarking Algorithm for Color Images
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mr.P.B.Khatkale ||, Prof.D.G.Lokhande ||, Asst.Prof.Srescoe
Page No.	::	01-09
	::	10.9790/3021-03330109
		0.4/3021-03330109
		3021-0303-0309

Digital watermarking methods describe the technologies that allow hiding of information in digital media such as images, video and audio. Watermarking techniques embed information in images by introducing changes that are imperceptible to the human eye but recoverable by a computer program. Generally, the watermark is a code to identify the owner of the image. The locations in which the watermark is embedded are determined by a secret key. Doing so prevents possible pirates from easily removing the watermark. Furthermore it should be possible to recover the watermark from an altered image. Possible alterations of watermarked images include compression, filtering and cropping. These alterations are referred to as attacks. The first watermarking application that might come to mind is related to copyright protection of digital media Watermarking algorithms have been proposed to protect varieties of content, such as official documents.

 

Keywords: Compression, Cropping, Digital Watermark, Hiding, Secret key.

[1] Y.I.Song, RZ.Liu, and T.N.Tan, "Digital Watermarking for Forgery Detection in Printed Materials" in International Symposium on Multimedia Information Processing, Beijing, China, October 24-26, 2001 .
[2] Anumol T.J. & P.Karthigaikumar," DWT based Invisible Image Watermarking Algorithm for color Images" in IJCA Special Issue On "Computational Science- New Dimensions & Perspectives"NCCSE,2011.
[3] P.S.Huang, C.S.Chiang, C.P.Chang and T.M.Tu,"Robust Spatial Watermarking technique for colour images via direct saturation adjustment "in IEE Proc.-Vis.Image Signal Processing Vol-152, No-5, October 2005.
[4] Yu Wei, Yanling Hao and Yushen Li,"A Multipurpose Digital Watermarking Algorithm of Color Image", Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE in" International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation" August 9-12 Changchum-China.
[5] Rafael C.Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven L.Eddins, "Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB" Pearson Education ISBN 81-297-0515-X, 2005.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Finite Element Analysis of Cross Member Bracket of Truck Chassis
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Balbirsingh R. Guron ||, Dr. D.V. Bhope || Prof. Y. L. Yenarkar
Page No.	::	10-16
	::	10.9790/3021-03331016
		0.4/3021-03331016
		3021-0303-0316

The component bracket in the cross member of chassis is one the most important parts of heavy trucks. Chassis has steel sections, longitudinal ones throughout the length of the vehicle and joined together by transverse parts called the cross members. Rear ones bear payloads and the front one has to bear the engine and transmission. For suspension, handling , body alignment, etc. they need to be strong , besides being complicated, costly and time consuming to replace, if damaged. Stresses induced lead to the failure of the component brackets in the cross members. This study aims to investigate the critical points of stresses that lead to or induce failure. To analyze, finite element method (FEM) is used & commercially available packages MSC/NASTRAN with PATRAN are used for modeling and stress analysis. Modifications have been made to current bracket & these modifications have resulted in reduction in stress values leading to safe design .

 

Key Words: Cross Member Bracket, Truck Chassis, Finite Element Analysis

[1] Mantere, Adams, "Finite element analysis based design of cross member beam for heavy truck". MSc programmes in Engineering , Lulea university, ISSN, pages 1402-1667, 2003.
[2] Daniel Grieb and Zayar Thein, "Stress and Stiffness of a Frame", Finite Element Simulation in Design, Chalmers University of Technology, Group G08, 2009 (website resource).
[3] P.V.S.C.S Varma , V.V.Katkar , Ranjit Babar, "" Optimization of a Bus Chassis using Hypermorph and Hyperstudy ", Tata Motors, ERC-CAD, Pimpri, Pune (website resource)
[4] Abd Rehman, Mohd.Nasir Tamin, Ojo Kurdi, "" Stress analysis of a heavy duty truck chassis using FEM ", faculty of mechanical engineering, University of Technology, Malaysia. ( website resource ).
[5] S.S.Sane, Ghanshyam Jadhav, ""Stress analysis of light commercial vehicle chassis by FEM ‟‟, Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited , Pune (website resource)

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Redundant Rigidity of the Node Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Country	::	India
Authors	::	M.Saranya || G.Baskaran
Page No.	::	17-21
	::	10.9790/3021-03331721
		0.4/3021-03331721
		3021-0303-0321

Location awareness is highly difficult for wireless sensor networks. To localize the node using GPS, it is observed that the network is not entirely localized and also can't identify the number of nodes can be located within a network. Node localizability testing cannot be achieved. This problem can be overcome by using sensor. A new scheme called as Euclidean distance ranging techniques for the node localizability is proposed. It can identify the number of nodes can be located within a network configuration. When localize the node, the nodes can be utterly localized and also the path can be identified using three vertex disjoin path. Node localizability provides useful guidelines for network management and other location based services. This leads to power consumption and cost will be reduced. This concept can be applied for oceanography, aircraft and for any critical situation.

 

Keywords: Localization, localizability, graph rigidity, wireless sensor networks, ad hoc networks.

[1] Zheng yang, Member, IEEE, and Yunh0ao Liu, Senior Member, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, " Understanding Node Localizability of Wireless Sensor Networks", VOL11, NO. 8, Aug 2012.
[2] Bahl. P and Padmanabhan V.N, "RADAR: An In-Building RFBased User Location and Tracking System," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2000.
[3] Jackson. B and Jordan. T, "A Sufficient Connectivity Condition for Generic Rigidity in the Plane," Technical Report TR-2008-01, Operations Research Dept., Eotvos Univ., Budapest, 2008.
[4] Goldenberg. D, Krishnamurthy. A, Maness. W, Yang Y.R, Young. A, Morse A.S, Savvides. A and Anderson. B, "Network Localization in Partially Localizable Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2005.
[5] Lederer. S, Wang. Y and Gao. J, "Connectivity-Based Localization of Large Scale Sensor Networks with Complex Shape," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2008.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Autonomous Real Time Surveillance System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Nilesh Kadam ||, Sneha Madesh ||, Rishikesh Walawalkar ||, Shreemant Gawand ||, Nandakishor Karlekar
Page No.	::	22-25
	::	10.9790/3021-03332225
		0.4/3021-03332225
		3021-0303-0325

Video surveillance[1] is becoming increasingly important for the security-sensitive areas such as airports, banks, casinos, and parking lots. Many efforts have been made in this field,to detect and track the human and human activities in scene and recognize simple motion such as walking and running. In this paper we present a autonomous real-time surveillance[3] sys-tem framework for recognizing complex activities in. In our system we use javacv and opencv to detect moving objects in the scene, and use tracking algorithm to record activities for further analysis. Compared with the traditional surveillance system, an autonomous system surveillance offers much better flexibility in video content processing and transmission[5]. At the same time, it, also, can easily implement advanced features such as real time transmission of video and audio if connected through known ip address

[1] Remagnino, Jones, Paragios, and Regazzoni, Video Based Surveillance Systems Computer Vision and Distributed Processing. Norwell, MA: Kluwer , 2002.
[2] Blanz and Vetter, "Face recognition based on fitting morphable model," IEEE PAMI, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1063–1074, Sept. 2003.
[3] R. Collins et al. "A system for video surveillance and monitoring," VSAM Final Report, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, Tech. Rep. CMU-RI-TR-00-12, May 2000.
[4] R. T. Collins, A. J. Lipton, T. Kanade, H. Fujiyoshi, D. Duggins, Y. Tsin, D. Tolliver, N. Enomoto, O. Hasegawa, P. Burt, and L.Wixson. A system for video surveillance and monitoring, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, Tech. Rep., CMU-RI-TR-00-12, 2000
[5] G. D. Hager, and P. N. Belhumeur. Efficient region tracking with parametric models of geometry and illumination, IEEE Trans. PAMI, vol. 20, pp. 1025-1039, Oct. 1998.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Study to determine the Home-Buyer's Preferences through Voice of Customer
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr.P.B.Sakthivel || M.F. Nazeer Ahamed
Page No.	::	26-32
	::	10.9790/3021-03332632
		0.4/3021-03332632
		3021-0303-0332

Home-buying is a dream of every individual but the preferences may vary from one person to another. The main objective of this study is to determine the home-buyer's preferences and residential satisfaction of customers and create awareness among the builders about what buyers prefer in terms of both service and product during the construction or purchase of their residential premises. A focus interview has been conducted among the home-buyers of Chennai City in India to find out the Voice of the Customer (Feedback) on their preferences on buying a house. Based on the statements received by the present researchers during the interview, and after validating these items with the previous studies, a theoretical model linking home-buyer's preferences and customer satisfaction has been developed. This model will certainly be helpful to the construction industry in order to understand the needs/ expectations of the home-buying customer and ultimately in achieving customer satisfaction.

 

Keywords: Builder, House, Customer Focus, Customer Satisfaction

[1] P.J. Forsythe, Profiling Customer-perceived service quality expectations in made-to-order housing construction in Australia, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(6), 2012, 587-609.
[2] D. Cao , Z. Li, and K. Ramani, Ontology-based customer preference modeling for concept generation, Advanced Engineering Informatics, 25, 2010, 162-176.
[3] M.A. Mohit, M. Ibrahim and Y.R. Rashid, Assessment of residential satisfaction in newly designed- Public low-cost housing in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Habitat International, 2010, pp 18-27.
[4] S. Karna, V.M. Sorvala and J.M. Junnonen , Classifying and clustering construction projects by customer satisfaction, Facilities, 27(9/10), 2009, 387-398.
[5] K..Bodey and D.Grace, Contrasting 'complainers' with 'non-complainers' on attitude toward complaining, propensity to complain, and key personality characteristics: a Nomological book, Psychology and Marketing, 24(7), 2007, 579-94.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Multimodal compression of 3D hyperspectral images using spiral insertion technique and JPEG2000
Country	::	Algeria
Authors	::	Akrour leila || Lahdir Mourad || Nait Ali Amine || Ameur Soltane
Page No.	::	33-37
	::	10.9790/3021-03333337
		0.4/3021-03333337
		3021-0303-0337

We introduce in this paper a new scheme of multimodal hyperspectral images compression based on the spiral insertion technique. The approach in question is to interleave the image pixels less rich in information of hyperspectral sequence in other images of the same sequence allowing minimizing the rate of hyperspectral data to compress. This spiral insertion is performed edges of the images, can benefit the central region of the sequence. And that represents the interest region (ROI) to preserve during compression. The reduced sequence called multimodal is compressed efficiently by the JPEG2000 adapted to 3D discrete wavelet decomposition. After decompression, the images that are evaluated by objective criteria are faithfully reproduced and the memory space required for their storage and transmission is reduced.

 

Keywords: Compression, hyperspectral, multimodal, spiral insertion, ROI, JPEG2000

[1]. E. Christophe, C. Mailhes, and P. Duhamel, Hyperspectral image compression: Adapting SPIHT and EZW to anisotropic 3D wavelet coding, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 17(12), 2008, 2334-2346.
[2]. P. Raffy, Y. Gaudeau, D. Miller, J-M. Moureaux and R.A Castellino, Effect of 3D Wavelet Image Compression on Computer Aided Detection (CAD) Lung Nodule Volumetry, Academic Radiology, 13(10), 2006, 1194-1203.
[3]. H. Benoit-Cattin, A. Baskurt and R. Prost, 3D medical image coding using separable 3D wavelet decomposition and lattice vector quantization, Signal Processing, 59, 1997, 139-153.
[4]. S. Cho, D. Kim and W.A Pearlman, Lossless Compression of Volumetric Medical Images with Improved Three-Dimensional SPIHT Algorithm, Journal of Digital Imaging, 17, 2004, 57-63.
[5]. B.J. Kim and W.A. Pearlman, An Embedded Wavelet Video Coder Using Three-Dimensional Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT), In IEEE Data Compression Conference DCC'97, 1997, 221- 260.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Multicasting in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using ODMRP
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Jayaprakash.S ||, Ilamathi.V ||,Nithyakalyani.K
Page No.	::	38-42
	::	10.9790/3021-03333842
		0.4/3021-03333842
		3021-0303-0342

Wireless mesh networks are self-organized and usually without centralization control. Protocols in such networks are also required to be distributed for robustness and scalable. In this project localized mechanisms are adopted to support multicasting in wireless ad hoc networks without throttling unicast flows. The proposed scheme combines the layered multicast concept with the routing-based congestion avoidance idea to reduce the aggregated rate of multicast flows when they use excessive bandwidth on a wireless link. Our analysis and sweeping simulations show that the fully localized scheme proposed in this paper is effective in ensuring the fairness of bandwidth sharing between multicast and unicast flows in wireless ad hoc networks.

 

Keyword: wireless self configuring infrastructure less network , Mesh Topology, localized scheme, ODMRP

[1]. Bhattacharyya.S, Towsley.D, and Kurose.J,( 1999), "The Loss Path Multiplicity Problem in Multicast Congestion Control," Proc. IEEEINFOCOM 99, pp. 856-863.
[2]. Byers.J, Luby.M, Mitzenmacher.M, and Rege.A (1998) ,"A Digital Fountain Approach to Reliable Distribution of Bulk Data," Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 98, pp. 56-67.
[3]. Byers.J, Luby. M, and Mitzenmacher. M (2001) "Fine-Grained Layer Multicasting," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 01, Apr. 2001.
[4]. Gopalakrishnan.R , Griffioen.J, Hjalmtysson.G, Sreenan. C, & Wen.S, " ( 2000) ,A Simple LoDifferentiation Approach to Layer Multicasting," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 00.
[5]. Kwon.G and Byers.J, (2000) "Smooth Multi-rate Multicasting Congestion

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Umbrella-Type Surfaces in Architecture of Spatial Structures
Country	::	Moscow
Authors	::	Christian A. Bock Hyeng ||,, S. N. Krivoshapko
Page No.	::	43-53
	::	10.9790/3021-03334353
		0.4/3021-03334353
		3021-0303-0353

This paper provides information on the 16 new umbrella-type surfaces and on two umbrella surfaces from the identical parts of translational surface, formed by a generating circle of constant radius, using methods of differential geometry and computer design. Parametrical equations of the surfaces are presented and the influence of constant parameters containing in the equations of these surfaces on their form is studied in detail. All surfaces are pictured by means of computer graphics. Architecture of spatial structures can be a main sphere of their application.

 

Keywords: architectural engineering, differential geometry, geometric design, spatial structures, translational surface, umbrella-type surface, umbrella surface

[1]. B. Peerdeman, Analysis of thin concrete shells revisited: Opportunities due to innovations in materials and analysis methods, master's thesis, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2008.
[2]. H. J. Cowan, P. R. Smith, and W. K. Chow, Dictionary of architectural and building technology (London, UK: Taylor & Francis, 2004).
[3]. P. Draper, M. E. M. Garlock, and D. P. Billington, Structural optimization of Félix Candela's hypar umbrella shells, Journal of the International Association for Shells and Spatial Structures, 51(1), 2012, 59–66.
[4]. D. F. Tully, Inverted, doubly-curved umbrella, hyperbolic paraboloid shells with structurally integrated upper diaphragm, Patent 4137679, February 6, 1979.
[5]. G. Brankov, Corrugated shell structures, Bulg. Academy of Science, 1961.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Quality of service Management in IP Network
Country	::	Morocco
Authors	::	O.Chahbouni || A.Belangour || A. Namir
Page No.	::	54-58
	::	10.9790/3021-03335458
		0.4/3021-03335458
		3021-0303-0358

we describe in this article a new architecture for management in IP network. The first objective for this solution is the satisfaction of needs appeared in several domains (Quality of service, safety, network management) by the automatization of processes for management network equipments, the simplification of data to have less interfaces numbers and more homogeneous, the decentralization of existing elements for network management, This architecture proposes the modification of Policy-based management based on definition of rolls and service contract proposed by IETF( Internet Engineering Task Force) for IP network, And thereafter we propose the generalization to assure the interoperability of various implementations (domains, equipments, participants...). The control leans on the definition of an adequate mechanism (Application) which is going to give the possibility for every customer to define his own quality of service, his mobility and his safety, This mechanism requires the addition of a new properties to the protocol COPS(Common Open Policy Services) used before to the communication between entities of Policy-based management.

 

Keywords: IP network, Policy-based management, PDP, PEP, COPS

[1]. Jean-Louis Melin, Qualité de service sur IP, Ethernet, Frame Relay et ATM, Eyrolles 7 mars 2001
[2]. An Architecture for Differentiated Service RFC 2475, Assured Forwarding PHB Group RFC 2597, Configuration Guidelines for DiffServ Service ClassesRFC 4594,RFC 2597, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
[3]. Mehmet BEYAZ, Multi-Protocol Label Switching, Next Generation Networks, TTG International, L.T.D. 2008.
[4]. IETF, RFC 3198 Terminology for Policy-Based Management, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3198, Nov 2001.
[5]. GUY PUJOLLE «Les Réseaux», Best of Eyrolles, 5ème EDITION, groupe Eyrolles 2006.