Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Waste heat energy harvesting using thermo electric generator
Country	::	India
Authors	::	A.Jacks delightus peter || , Balaji.D ||, D.Gowrishankar
Page No.	::	01-04
	::	10.9790/3021-03720104
		0.4/3021-03720104
		3021-0307-0204

In the conventional method for generate electricity is converting thermal energy into mechanical energy then to electrical energy. In recent years, due to environmental issues like emissions, global warming, etc., are the limiting factor for the energy resources which resulting in extensive research and novel technologies are required to generate electric power. Thermoelectric power generators have emerged as a promising another green technology due to their diverse advantages. Thermo Electric Power Generator directly converts this Thermal energy into Electrical energy. So number of moving and rotating part has been eliminated. By this it eliminated emission so we can believe this green technology. Thermoelectric power generation offer a potential application in the direct exchange of waste-heat energy into electrical power where it is unnecessary to believe the cost of the thermal energy input. The application of this option green technology in converting waste-heat energy directly into electrical power can too improve the overall efficiencies of energy conversion systems. Heat source which is need for this conversion is less when contrast to conventional methods. In this paper, a background on the basic concepts of thermoelectric power generation is presented and recent patents of thermoelectric power generation with their important and relevant applications to waste-heat energy are reviewed and discussed.

 

Keywords: - Thermoelectric power generator, waste-heat recovery, alternative green technology, direct energy conversion, thermocouple , thermal shield, thermoelectric materials, thermo electric module, thermal fin

[1]. P P Pradyumnan& Swathikrishnan, Indian journal of pure & Applied physics, Vol.48, February 2010,pp.115-120
[2]. Natkrita Prasoetsopha, Supree Pinitsoontorn, Vittaya Amornkitbamrung, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
[3]. D. Flahaut, T. Mihara and R. Funahashi, N. Nabeshima, K. Lee, H. Ohta and K. Koumoto, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 100, 084911 (2006)
[4]. Il-Ho Kim1, Soon-Mok Choi, Won-Seon Seo and Dong-Ik Cheong, Kim et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:2
[5]. Driss Kenfaui, Guillaume Bonnefont , Daniel Chateigner , Gilbert Fantozzi ,Moussa Gomina, Jacques Guillaume Noudem, Materials Research Bulletin 45 (2010) 1240–1249

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Study on Beam- Column Joint with Fibres under Cyclic Loading
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Romanbabu M. Oinam ||, Choudhury.A.M, || Laskar A I
Page No.	::	13-23
	::	10.9790/3021-03721323
		0.4/3021-03721323
		3021-0307-0223

In earthquake resistant design, it is important to ensure the ductility in the structure, i.e., the structure should be able to deform inelastically and dissipate energy without causing collapse. In frame structure, the bending moment and shear force are maximum in the junction area. So beam-column joint is one of failure zone. Among the beam-column joint, exterior joint behaves more critically than the interior joint during the occurrence of earthquake. Many researchers have done research on joints using different techniques, materials and introduced many repairing methods to enhance the resisting capacity of joints. From literature, it has been observed that Polypropylene and Steel fibres have enhanced many desirable properties of concrete. Hence, these fibrous materials can be introduced in these joints to enhance joint property. Polypropylene is a plastic polymer and Steel fibres are made from prime quality hard-drawn steel wire to ensure high tensile strength and close tolerances. Literature survey on these fibres does not reflect any prominent work carried out on beam-column joint using these fibres, particularly under cyclic loading. Hence, in the present research these fiber materials were used for beam column joint to observe the change/enhancement in the strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the joints. In the present work, three one third (1/3 rd) scaled beam-column joints have been caste with plain RC and RC fibres. All the specimen has been detailed by the provisions of IS: 13920 incorporating similitude requirements. The specimens were tested by applying cyclic load. The tests were conducted by using servo hydraulic actuator (MTS made) of 100kN capacity. The recorded data were plotted to draw hysteresis loop. The result were compared in various plot like envelope curve, stiffness, energy dissipate and ductility. It was observed that performance of fibre specimens in term of all the above parameters were better than the plain specimen.

 

Keyword: - Fibre, Beam-column joint, envelope curve, stiffness, energy dissipates and ductility.

[1]. Hanson NW, Connor HW (1967). Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete beam-column Joints. Journal of Structural Division, 93, 533-560.
[2]. Megget LM, Park R (1971). Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joints Under Seismic Loading. New Zealand Engineering, 26(11), 341-353.
[3]. Scribner CF, Wight JK (1980). Strength decay in R/C beams under load Reversals. Journal of structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 106(ST4), 861-876.
[4]. Durrani AJ, Wight JK (1985). Behaviour of interior beam-to-column connections under earthquake-type loading. ACI Journal proceedings, 82(3), 343-349.
[5]. Abdel-Fattah B, Wight JK (1987). Study of Moving Beam Plastic Hinging Zones for Earthquake-Resistant Design of R/C Buildings. ACI Structural Journal, 31-39.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Performance analysis of direct detection and coherent detection system for optical OFDM using QAM and DPSK
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Veneetha Nair ||, Joseph George K.N. || Asha R.S.
Page No.	::	24-29
	::	10.9790/3021-03722429
		0.4/3021-03722429
		3021-0370-0229

In this paper a theoretical study is conducted regarding the effect of OOFDM in radio over fiber networks (RoF). The system was simulated at 50Gbps for a transmission distance of 1000km over standard single mode fiber. A performance analysis was conducted to compare the performance of direct detection and coherent detection schemes in terms of their BER, dispersion tolerance and Q factor. The improvement in performance with the use of polarization diversity schemes in CO-OFDM is studied. The study was conducted with QAM and DPSK modulations. The effect of local oscillator power in coherent detection, and that of the laser launch power are studied. The study also shows the slight degradation in performance with increase in subcarrier.

 

Keywords: - Coherent detection, OOFDM, Q Factor, RoF

[1]. Siddharth Ray, Muriel M´edard and Lizhong Zheng, Fiber Aided Wireless Network Architecture IEEE Journal On Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 29, No. 6, June 2011
[2]. Qi Yang, Yan Tang, Yiran Ma, and William Shieh, Experimental Demonstration and Numerical Simulation of 107-Gb/s High Spectral Efficiency Coherent Optical OFDM Journal Of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 27, No. 3, February 1, 2009.
[3]. John R Barry and Edward A Lee, Performance of coherent optical receivers Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol 78, No 8 August 1990
[4]. W. Shieh, X. Yi, Y. Ma, and Y. Tang, Theoretical and experimental study on PMD supported
[5]. transmission using polarization diversity in coherent optical OFDM systems OPTICS EXPRESS 6 August 2007 / Vol. 15, No. 16 / 9936

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Diffie-Hellman Protocol Based on Elgamal and AES Cryptosystems
Country	::	México
Authors	::	E. M. Islas-Mendoza ||, C. A. Jiménez-Vázquez ||, V. M. Silva-García ||, R. Flores-Carapia
Page No.	::	30-33
	::	10.9790/3021-03723033
		0.4/3021-03723033
		3021-0307-0233

This paper presents a communication scheme design for securing messages through local area networks (LAN). This scheme implements a hybrid cryptosystem which is formed by AES-256 in its symmetric part and ElGamal for encryption of keys where the prime has 400 digits and 200 digits for the alpha primitive. It also applies the Diffie-Hellman protocol for key secure distribution. This implementation is targeted at senior management members or groups of any corporate trust where the number of users is small. Key distribution requires a number equal to the number of rounds for at least one user.

 

Keywords: - AES, Diffie-Hellman protocol, discrete logarithm, encryption, Elgamal.

[1] S. B. Torné y R. C. Moreno, Análisis del cifrado ElGamal de un módulo con curvas elípticas propuesto para el GnuPG, Escuela Politécnica Superior, España, Reporte científico, 2007.
[2] S. Chow, P. A. Eisen, and H. Johnson, White-Box Cryptography and an AES Implementation, Cloakware Corporation, Ottawa, Canadá, Scientific report, 2003.
[3] Mahalanobis, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol, Its Generalization and Nilpotent Groups, Universidad de Atlantic Florida, Report, Agosto 2005.
[4] A. Arteaga, ElGamal, Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Reporte técnico, 2012.
[5] D. Whitfield and E. M. Hellman, New directions in cryptography, IEEE Transactions on information theory, vol. IT-22, 1976.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	"Performance Analysis of Active Network Service Composition"
Country	::	Bangladesh
Authors	::	Mohammad Masudur Rahman
Page No.	::	34-42
	::	10.9790/3021-03723442
		0.4/3021-03723442
		3021-0307-0242

Active Networks is novel approach to networking, which provides an architectural support for dynamically deploying new protocols in an existing network topology. The nodes in an active network are able to download and execute customized user codes on themselves and thus rendering the node recognize and run totally new protocols without making any changes to the architecture of the network. This research implements and tests such specialized Active Networks security service known as the firewall and the ping service in Active network. Active network environment will be implemented on a small scale test scenario, in order to study the performance and characteristics of active networks. Key Words: Active network, Firewall, Ping, Security Service.

[1] Tennenhouse D. L., Smith J. M., Sincoskie W. D., Wetherall D. J., and Minden G. J. "A Survey of Active Network Research" IEEE Communications Magazine, January 1997, pp 80-86.
[2] Tennenhouse D. L., and Wetherall D. J. "Towards An Active Network Architecure" Computer Communications Review, 26, 2 (1996), pp 5-18.
[3] Calvert K. L., Bhattacharjee S., Zegura E., and Sterbenz J. "Directions in Active Networks" In IEEE Communications Magazine, October 1998, pp 72-78.
[4] Zhang L., Michel S., Nguyen S., Rosenstein A., Floyd S., and Jacobson V. "Adaptive Web Caching: Towards A New Global Caching Architecture" In 3rd International WWW Caching Workshop, 1998.
[5] Bhattacharjee S., Calvert K. L., and Zegura E. W. "Self-Organising Wide-Area Network Caches" In IEEE Infocom '98, 1998.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Structural Relation between the Topological Manifold I: Connectedness
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Shri H.G .Haloli
Page No.	::	43-54
	::	10.9790/3021-03724354
		0.4/3021-03724354
		3021-0307-0254

We conduct a study on Topological Manifold and some of its properties Theorems, structures on topological manifold and its structural characteristics. The main properties in Topological Manifold is connectedness. This connectedness are studied the path connected, locally connected,locally path connected with cut point and punctured point and punctured space on Topological Manifold. Key-Word: - Connectedness, cut point, locally connected, locally path connected, path-connected, punctured space.

[1]. Antoni. A. Kosinski(1993)"Differential Manifolds"Academic press.iHar court Brace Jovanovich, PublisherBostonsan Diego, New York.London,Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto.
[2]. B.Honan Y. Bahrampour (1999)"Cut-points space"Proceedings of America Math Society 127(p-2797-2003)
[3]. Devender.K. Kamboj and Vinod Kumar(2010)"Cut point in SomeConnected Topological Spaces". Topology and its Application 157(2010)629-634)
[4]. Devender. K. Kamboj and Vinod Kumar(2009)"H (i) Connected Topological spaces and Cutpoints"Topology and its Application 156 p(610-615)
[5]. G.T.Whyburn(1928)"Concerning the Cut point of Continue."Trans.Amer.Math.Soc.30(1928)597-609