Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Characteristics Strength of groundnut shell ash (GSA) and Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) blended Concrete in Nigeria.
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	Buari T.A ||, Ademola S.A ||, Ayegbokiki S.T
Page No.	::	01-07
	::	10.9790/3021-03760107
		0.4/3021-03760107
		3021-0307-0607

The experimental work evaluates the potentials of groundnut shell ash (GSA) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. Chemical analysis of the ash was carried out to ascertain it cementing properties and the partial replacement of OPC by GSA was varied from 0% to 20% in the concrete. A total of 80 specimens of the GSA/OPC concrete cubes of 150mm dimension were cured in water for 21, 28 and 56 days and the compressive and splitting tensile strengths determined. The results show that the compressive strengths of the control (0%) and those of other percentage combinations increased with curing age but decreased with increased GSA percentage. Though, Characteristics strengths revealed that the OPC/GSA concrete of 10% replacement performed better in comparison to the acceptable standard and would be more suitable for mass concrete production.

 

Key words: - Blended concrete, cement, cementing properties, groundnut shell ash.

[1]. Nwofor T.C. and S. Sule, (2012), "Stability of groundnut shell ash (GSA)/ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete in Nigeria" Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012, 3 (4):2283-228).
[2]. Nagataki, S. (1994), Mineral Admixtures in Concrete: State of the Art and Trends. Special Publication, Materials Journal 144: 447-482
[3]. Alabadan et‟al.(2005), .Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Bambara Groundnut Shell Ash (BGSA) in Concrete. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies. Issue 6, pp.43- 48, January-June 2005.
[4]. Sideris, K. K. and A. E. and Sarva, (2001), Resistance of Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolanas Blended Cement Mortars and Concrete to Carbonation, Sulfate Attack and Chloride Ion Penetration. Special Publication, Materials Journal 199: 275-294
[5]. Sengul, O. Tasdemir, C and M. A. Tasdemir. (2005), Mechanical Properties and Rapid Chloride Permeability of Concrete with ground Fly Ash. Materials Journal. 102(6): 414-421

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study of Concrete Involving Use of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates
Country	::	India
Authors	::	M. Iqbal Malik ||, Muzafar Bashir ||, Sajad Ahmad ||, Tabish Tariq ||, Umar Chowdhary
Page No.	::	08-13
	::	10.9790/3021-03760813
		0.4/3021-03760813
		3021-0307-0613

Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. In this paper, the issues of environmental and economic concern are addressed by the use of waste glass as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete. Fine aggregates were replaced by waste glass powder as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight for M-25 mix. The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, durability (water absorption) and density at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The results concluded the permissibility of using waste glass powder as partial replacement of fine aggregates up to 30% by weight for particle size of range 0-1.18mm.

 

Keywords: - Compressive strength, Durability, split tensile strength, Waste Glass Concrete, Workability.

[1]. Asoka Pappu, Mohini Saxena, and Shyan R. Asolekar, "Solid Waste Generation In India And Their Recycling Potential In Building Materials", Regional Research Institute (CSIR) and IIT Bombay, India.
[2]. P Turgut and E.S. Yahlizade, "Research into Concrete Blocks with Waste Glass", International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 1:4 2009.
[3]. Carpenter, A. J. and Cramer, C.M, "Mitigation of ASR in pavement patch concrete that incorporates highly reactive fine aggregate", Transportation Research Record 1668, Paper No. 99-1087,pp. 60-67,1999.
[4]. I. B. Topcu and M. Canbaz, "Properties of Concrete containing waste glass", Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 34, pp. 267-274, Feb. 2004.
[5]. A S Rossomagina, D V Saulin, and I S Puzanov, "Prevention of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Glass Aggregate Concrete", pp-2, Perm State Technical University, Russia.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Embedded Real Time Video Monitoring System using Arm
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Kavitha Mamindla ||, Dr.V.Padmaja ||, CH.Naga Deepa
Page No.	::	14-18
	::	10.9790/3021-03761418
		0.4/3021-03761418
		3021-0307-0618

In this paper, Embedded Real-time video monitoring system based on ARM is designed, in which the embedded chip and the programming techniques are adopted. The central monitor which adopts S3C6410 chip as controller is the core of the whole system. First, USB camera video data are collected by the embedded Linux system, processed, compressed and transferred by the processing chip. Then, video data are sent to the monitor client by wireless network. Tests show the presented wireless video surveillance system is reliable and stable. And it has a perfect application prospects with real-time monitor.

 

Keyword: - Video Capture, Video compression, video streaming, server, Embedded Linux

[1]. Chen Rongfang, Wang Haibin, Hu Zhenhua, Zheng Pin. Remote Monitor System of Power Network
Based on Embedded Internet Technology. Microcomputer Information. vol. 24, no. 7-2, pp. 78-80, 2008 S3C6410 Microcontroller User'sManualRevision1,http://www.samsungsemi.com/
[2]. Siyi.Zou, "Design and Application of Embedded Linux". Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, pp:90-93,2002.
[3]. Zhang YuJie, Huai Weihua, Tian Ze. Design of Industrial Temperature Monitoring Equipment Based on Embedded Linux Operating System. Computer Engineering and Design, vol. 30, no. 17, pp. 3940-3942, 2009.
[4]. Video4Linux User's Manual, http://www.v4l.com.cn. [5] Craig Zacker. "TCP/ IP Administration".China Water Power Press. Beijing ,vol 8 ,pp:12- 18.1998.
[5]. Institute for Informatics– UniversityKarlsruhe. Http://www.irf.uka.de/seminaret/redundant/vortrag15/(3. Feb. 2006)

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Back-to-Back PWM Converter Fed PMSG Wind Turbine System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	K. Damodarareddy ||, P. Nagarajaram ||,, Md. Asif ||,, B. Ramu
Page No.	::	19-25
	::	10.9790/3021-03761925
		0.4/3021-03761925
		3021-0307-0625

This paper presents a DC-link voltage controller using feedback linearization technique for the PMSG wind power system for the grid voltage sag. The DC-link voltage control is achieved by the generator side converter instead of the grid-side converter. Considering the nonlinear relationship between the generator speed (ωm) and DC-link voltage (vdc), a DC-link voltage controller using feedback linearization technique is verified with PI and FUZZY controllers. The grid-side converter controls the grid power for MPPT. The validity of this control algorithm has been verified by simulation results for 2MW PMSG wind power system.

 

Keywords: - Back-to-Back PWM converter, feedback linearization, MPPT, wind power system.

[1]. Mónica Chinchilla, Santiago Arnaltes and Juan Carlos Burgos, "Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable-speed wind-energy systems connected to the grid," IEEE Trans. Energy Converse., vol. 21, no. 1, pp.130-135, Mar. 2006.
[2]. H. Polinder, F. F. A van der Pijl, and P. Tavner, "Comparison of direct-drive and geared generator concepts for wind turbines," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 543-550, Sep. 2006.
[3]. F. Iov, A.D. Hansen, P. Sørensen and N. A. Cutululis, "Mapping of grid faults and grid codes," Technical Report Risø-R-1617(EN), Risø National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark, Jul. 2007.
[4]. Robert Pollin, H Garrett-Peltier, and H Scharber, "Green recovery: A new program to create good jobs and start building a low-carbon economy," Center for American Progress. Sep. 2008.
[5]. Xibo Yuan, Fei Wang and Boroyevich, "DC-link voltage control of a full power converter for wind generator operating in weak-grid systems", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 2178-2192, ep. 2009

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	africaOn the Personnel Utilization Model for Organizational Design
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Charles Ofiabulu, Oliver Charles-Owaba
Page No.	::	26-36
	::	10.9790/3021-03762636
		0.4/3021-03762636
		3021-0307-0636

One condition for high workers productivity is the availability of the right amount of work at the position and better utilization of the organization's human resources. Optimal organizational structure contains optimal number of positions hence the optimal number of organization's personnel. Organisational structure design problems have been formulated as that of maximizing personnel utilization subject to some constraints with a heuristics as solution procedures. The difficulty of verifying the effectiveness of such heuristics in producing optimal organization has created model acceptability problems. The objective of this study is to reformulate the personnel utilisation model for organization design as a dynamic programming model that guarantee optimal organizational structure with maximal personnel utilization. The model was applied to an existing organization. A methodology was also to be developed for assessing the effectiveness of existing heuristics

 

Keywords: - Organizational design, Dynamic Programming, Personnel utilization, Organisational Structure, Modelling.

[1]. D. Miller, "Configuration of strategiy and structure: towards a synthesis," in Readings in Strategic Management, D. Asch, Ed. London: Macmillian, 1989.
[2]. O. E. Charles-Owaba, Organizational Design: A Quantitative Approach. Ugheli: Oputrum Books, 2002.
[3]. D. S. Cochran, "Impact of system design, organizational processes and leadership on manufacturing system design and implementation," in Proceedings of international CIRP design seminar--design in the new economy, , 2000.
[4]. Cochrann, D. S.,Kim, Y. and Kim. J. , "The impact of performance measurement on manufacturing system design.," in ICAD., Cambridgee, 2000b, pp. First Comference on Axiomatic Design. Cambridgee, MA: ICAD.
[5]. Cochran, D. S. and Chu, A. K., "Measuring manufacturing system design effectiveness based on the manufacturing system decomposition," in 27. Cochran, D. S. and Chu, A. K. 2000. Measuring manufacturing system design e Third World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Cambridge MA., 2000.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Multiple Access Technologies for Beyond 3G Wireless Cellular Systems
Country	::	India
Authors	::	R Sudheer Kumar ||, K Ramprasad ||,, G Srikanth ||,, A Pushpalatha
Page No.	::	37-45
	::	10.9790/3021-03763745
		0.4/3021-03763745
		3021-0307-0645

In this paper, some fundamental technical concepts of the main multiple access schemes for wireless mobile systems are reviewed, and a path for development of appropriate multiple access technologies for next-generation mobile networks, or so-called beyond 3G (B3G), is established. We first review the multiple access technologies in second- and third-generation wireless cellular systems from historical and technical points of view. This review is followed by a novel formulization of the multiple access schemes through mathematical expressions that could simplify the process of development of new multiple access schemes for B3G wireless cellular systems. We then list the most important features of multiple access schemes in 3G mobile systems. Finally, we conclude the article by reviewing the most promising multiple access technologies for B3G mobile cellular systems.

 

Keywords: - Chip rate, Fading, Frequency reuse, Multiframe, Mutual Interference, RAKE diversity, Spreading rate.

[1]. L. Bos and S. Leroy, ―Toward an all-IP UMTS System Architecture,‖ IEEE Network, vol. 15, no. 1, 2001, pp. 36–45.
[2]. S. G. Glisic, Advanced Wireless Communications — 4G Technologies, Wiley, 2004.
[3]. Jamalipour, The Wireless Mobile Internet — Architectures, Protocols and Services, Wiley, 2003.
[4]. H. Muramatsu et al., ―Effect of Nonlinear Amplifiers of Transmitters in Multicarrier CDMA Systems,‖ IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol. J85-A, no. 3, Mar. 2002, pp. 340–48.
[5]. Z. Dawy and A. Seeger, ―Coverage and Capacity Enhancement of Multiservice WCDMA Cellular Systems via Serial Interference Cancellation,‖ Proc. ICC 2004,Paris, France, June 2004.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Machine Vision System for Tea Quality Determination - Tea Quality Index (TQI)
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Gurpreet Singh ||, Neel Kamal
Page No.	::	46-50
	::	10.9790/3021-03764650
		0.4/3021-03764650
		3021-0307-0650

Fermentation process plays an important role in tea manufacturing which is responsible for deciding the final quality of tea. But, during fermentation, it is always not possible to check the tea grains quality in uniform manner because of heavy lot of material. Also human access to the process is not advisable as the whole lot of material can not be tested with uniformity. Color and size appearance of tea grains may give substantial information regarding the tea quality and this has been harnessed in the proposed work. A machine vision system offers a fair solution in order to solve this problem. It is proposed to explore the possibility of testing the color of tea during the fermentation process imaging by a digital camera and then by using the red, green and blue (RGB) color model. An application such as color matching in fermented tea can be accomplished accurately in spite of the variation in illumination, color and internal reflection in the camera, by using a specific imaging setup of constant illumination and camera direction and distance. An algorithm is proposed to be designed that evaluate the color of the fermented tea during the process and produce the histogram (RGB as well as gray) so that the color based inference could be resulted out. A Tea Quality Index (TQI) is proposed also by applying Image Processing techniques on acquired Images of tea grains. For determination of TQI, very firstly, the average size of grains in image is computed by applying size estimation algorithm and then the diameter, area and perimeter of each grain are determined. Then after, a TQI is computed with appropriate weights to the grain dia, perimeter, area and average color. Further, TQI may be fine tuned by inserting more tea grain parameters when extracted in future.

 

Keywords: - Tea quality, Histogram, Color dissimilarity, Granule size

[1]. Suprijanto(l),A.Rakhmawati(2l, E. Yuliastuti(3), "Compact Computer Vision/or Black Tea QualifyEvaluation Based on the Black Tea Particles" Nov.2011 IEEE/2nd International Conference onInstrumentation Controland Automation 15-17 November 2011, Bandung, Indonesia, PP.87-91
[2]. Yuya Kamisoyama and Tadahiro Kitahashi, "Image feature extraction from tea leaves for measuring the degree of the steaming", Sept.2012 IEEE DOI 10.1109/IIAI-AAI.2012.vol.83, PP.295-296
[3]. Mohit Sharma & Edathiparambil Vareed Thomas, "Electronic vision study of tea grains color during Infusion", International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN Vol. 2 Issue 4th April. 2013, PP.52-58
[4]. Surajit Borah & Manabendra Bhuyan, "A computer based system for matching colours during the monitoring of tea fermentation", International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2005,vol.40, PP. 675–682
[5]. S Borah* and M Bhuyan, "Quality indexing by machine vision during fermentation in black tea manufacturing", Sixth International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision, Fabrice Meriaudeau Gatlinburg, United States, May 19, 2003, SPIE, Volume 5132, PP. 468-475 (2003)

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Power Quality Improvement for Grid Connected Wind Energy System using STATCOM-Control Scheme
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Chandulal Tejavoth ||, M. Trishulapani ||, V.K.R.Mohan Rao ||, Y.Rambabu
Page No.	::	51-57
	::	10.9790/3021-03765157
		0.4/3021-03765157
		3021-0307-0657

When the wind power is connected to an electric grid affects the power quality. The effects of the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operations. The installation of wind turbine with the grid causes power quality problems are determined by studying this paper. For this Static Compensator (STATCOM) with a battery energy storage system (BESS) at the point of common coupling to mitigate the power quality problems. The grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement by using STATCOM-control scheme is simulated using SIMULINK in power system block set. This relives the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction generator in this proposed scheme. The improvement in power quality on the grid has been presented here according to the guidelines specified in IEC-61400 standard (International Electro-technical Commission) provides some norms and measurements.

 

Index terms: - International Electro-technical Commission (IEC), power quality, wind generating system (WGS), STATCOM.

[1]. K. S. Hook, Y. Liu, and S. Atcitty, "Mitigation of the wind generation integration related power quality issues by energy storage," EPQU J., vol. XII, no. 2, 2006.
[2]. S.K.Khadem, M. Basu and M.F. Conlon (2010), "Power Quality in Grid connected Renewable Energy Systems: Role of Custom Power Devices" Proceeding of International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality.
[3]. Yuvaraj, Dr.S.N.Deepa (2011), "Improving Grid Power Quality with FACTS Device on Integration of Wind Energy System" Student Pulse Academic Journal Vol. 3 Ref. 4.
[4]. F. Zhou, G. Joos, and C. Abhey, "Voltage stability in weak connection wind farm," in IEEE PES Gen. Meeting, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1483–1488.
[5]. T. Kinjo and T. Senjyu, "Output leveling of renewable energy by electric double layer capacitor applied for energy storage system," IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. 21, no. 1, Mar. 2006.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Designing of a dietary regimen and lifestyle guidelines for people who are prone to gastro esophageal reflux disease
Country	::	Zimbabwe
Authors	::	T. Usai ||, T. Mushawarima ||, C. Zvidzai
Page No.	::	58-61
	::	10.9790/3021-03765861
		0.4/3021-03765861
		3021-0307-0661

People with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may experience relief of symptoms upon taking low carbohydrate, fruits, low protein and low fat diet in appropriate quantities. This study focuses on assessing the effect of a prescribed diet in relieving GERD symptoms on patients experiencing the problem. Questionnaires were used to gather information on diet and GERD symptoms of the participants. Helicobacter pylori analysis andbody mass index (BMI) of the participants were determined. The results show that the prescribed diet resulted in reduced weight and disappearance of most GERD symptoms. The results have shown the potential of the diet in eliminating GERD symptoms.

 

Keywords: - diet, GERD, heartburn, low carbohydrate, symptoms

[1]. R.R. Berardi, Self directed options for preventing or treating heartburn, Pharmacy review, United States of America, 2006.
[2]. H. Silverman, Food Nutrition Health, Britain, Symour Press Ltd, 1992.
[3]. J. Burgess, Stop the pain in 30 days Naturally, No More Heartburn, Kensington Publishers, 2007-2008, 63:95-96.
[4]. N. Vakil 2010, Best Practise and research clinical gastroenterology, disease definition, clinical manifestation, Epidemiology and Natural History of GERD, 24, 2010, 759-764.
[5]. J.C.L. Alvarenga, J. Vargas L.H. Lopez, R. Fass, S. Sobrino-cossio and A. Comuzzie, Archives of medical research, effect of body weight and esophageal damage on the severity of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, Mexican GERD Working Group, 40, 2009, 576-581.