Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	New MAC Protocol for Fast Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Shabana V V ||, Shiju Kumar P S
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	10.9790/3021-03840105
		0.4/3021-03840105
		3021-0308-0405

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a powerful combination of distributed sensing, computing and communication. These are deployed in number of scenarios, and in most cases, the data collection rate plays the crucial role. The key application scenario of wireless sensor networks is data gathering: sensor nodes transmit data, possibly in a multi-hop fashion, to an information sink. The performance of sensor networks is thus characterized by the rate at which information can be aggregated to the sink. In this paper, after studying the existing approaches, we are looking for an effective protocol, to enhance the rate of data collection in wireless sensor networks. We are introducing a new MAC protocol using asynchronous TDMA. In conventional TDMA protocol, if a device has no data to send during a particular time slot, that slot is wasted. Also, if data is of larger size then it cannot be transmitted in the particular slot. Here, these two problems are addressed and appropriate solutions are encountered by making use of this new protocol.

 

Keywords: - Convergecast, TDMA scheduling, multiple channels, power control, asynchronous TDMA protocol.

[1] I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "A survey on sensor networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 102 – 114, aug. 2002.
[2] V. Annamalai, S.K.S. Gupta, and L. Schwiebert. On tree-based convergecasting in wireless sensor networks. In Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003. 2003 IEEE, volume 3, pages 1942 -1947 vol.3, march 2003.
[3] S. Gandham, Ying Zhang, and Qingfeng Huang. Distributed minimal time convergecast scheduling in wireless sensor networks. In Distributed Computing Systems, 2006. ICDCS 2006. 26th IEEE International Conference on, page 50, 2006.
[4] T. Moscibroda. The worst-case capacity of wireless sensor networks. In Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2007. IPSN 2007. 6th International Symposium on, pages 1 {10, april 2007.
[5] O.D. Incel and B. Krishnamachari. Enhancing the data collection rate of tree-based aggregation in wireless sensor networks. In Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2008. SECON '08. 5th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on, pages 569 -577, june 2008.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Answer to the Call-for-help on the Flammability Nature of Rural Housing
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Odinma, S.C. ||, Eboatu, A.N. ||, Arinze, R.U. ||, Okoye, N.H.
Page No.	::	06-09
	::	10.9790/3021-03840609
		0.4/3021-03840609
		3021-0308-0409

Di-ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate hereafter referred to as fertilizer and Potassium Aluminum Sulphate as Alum, were used as flame-retardant compounds on a grass commonly use as a roofing thatch. It was observed that the incorporation of these chemical compounds dramatically reduced the flame propagation rate, flame duration time and after-glow time while the ignition time and Add-on (%) increased. These results are interpreted on the fact that on heating, these chemical compounds evolve substances that compete with the burning behavior of the grass.

 

Keywords: - Char formation, Combustion, Flammability, Flame retardant, and Roofing thatch.

[1] Ogogu J. Diogu, 30th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Geographical Association, March 1987.
[2] McGhee $ Co. Roof Thatchers, Thatching in North America Since1991. A Brief History of Thatch. http://www.thatching.com/Meghee.html. Retrieved June 4, 2012
[3] S.C. Odinma. Investigation of the effect of some flame-retardants on fire characteristics of roofing thatch, M.Sc. Thesis. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria, 2013.
[4] A. N. Eboatu and B. Garba, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 39, (1990), 109-118
[5] A.N. Eboatu, I. Amanfo and I. Akpabio, "Effect of Flame Retardant Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Some Tropical Timbers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 44: 1992, 239-242.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes/Collisions In Ondo State Roads
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	E.O. Aiyewalehinmi
Page No.	::	10-22
	::	10.9790/3021-03841022
		0.4/3021-03841022
		3021-0308-0422

This study highlights the nature of road traffic crashes/collisions occurred on Ondo State roads. A review of previous studies and discussion of vehicle collision/crashes on Ondo State Roads is presented. In the study, crashes/collisions are seen as a major cause of sudden deaths, injuries and permanent disabilities. It examined and analysed records of vehicle crashes/collision data on Ondo state roads from 2005 to 2010. Records showed from 2005 to 2010 a total of 1148 road traffic crashes/collisions, 831 deaths, 3826 suffered different degrees of injuries. Causes identified human error accounts for 41.50%, Road condition 32.17%, while Vehicle and weather16.83% and 9.50%. Break down information obtained from the Department of Statistics Ondo State and Federal Secretariat Bureau of Statistics Akure, human error 90%; mechanical fault 2.4% environmental 4.7% and beyond human control 2.9%. The purpose of this study is to highlight the number of deaths and number of injured on Ondo State roads.

 

Keywords: - Road, Vehicle Crashes/Collisions, Sudden death, Injuries, Permanent disabilities

[1] NPC (The National Population Commission)(2006):
[2] http://www.population.gov.ng/
[3] Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery (1998):
[4] http://www.panarabneurosurgery.org.sa/journal/oct1998/implicationOfRoadAccidents.htm
[5] J.R Aworemi (2010):http://interesjournals.org/ER/pdf/2010/May/Aworemi%20et%20al.pdf

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An Adapter based Network Management Layer Framework for provisioning Telecom Services
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Anup D ||, Shantharam Nayak ||, Annamma Abraham
Page No.	::	23-26
	::	10.9790/3021-03842326
		0.4/3021-03842326
		3021-0308-0426

The provisioning of telecom services requires the subscriber's and service related information to be provisioned onto the network elements. The network elements or element management systems store the information received and is used for activation of the services for the subscribers. These telecom services could be wire-line or wireless based services. All the telecom service providers are rapidly shifting to Next Generation Networks (NGN) which are IP based packet networks. NGN's are independent of the underlying transport technology, hence it does not matter whether the underlying hardware technology is wire-line or wireless based. This enables the service providers to focus on defining new telecom services which could be delivered to customers. Thus, there arises competition between service providers in creation and provision of services to customers as quickly as possible. Also, quick customization of services that are already provided to the customers based on their needs is a major requirement. Hence, the challenge of delivering services by provisioning them quickly on the network is to be addressed as the users scale in numbers. As a part of addressing this challenge, there is a need for effective communication with the network elements for provisioning. A framework that can integrate with multiple Service Order systems, transform their requests into network commands and techniques used to communicate efficiently is mentioned. The commands are generated suitably for the network element and communicated to it based on SOAP protocol. It can work with network elements that expose an interface using Web Service Description Language (WSDL).

 

Keywords: - Service Provisioning, SOAP request, SOAP response, Mapping Engine, Adapters.

[1] Machuca, C.M.; Krauss, S.; Casier, K., Fault Management and service provisioning process model of next generation access networks, 7th International Conference on Network and Service Mgmt, 2011.

[2] Sur, A.; Skidmore, D.; Chakravarthy, S., Webservices based SOA for Next Generation Telecom Networks, IEEE International Conference on Computing, 2006, Page(s): 520.

[3] Islam, S.; Gregoire,J-C. Convergence of IMS and Web Services: A Review and a Novel Thin Client Based Architecture. Eighth Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference, 2010, Page(s) 221-228.

[4] Dhore, S.R.; Army Inst. Of Technology, Pune, India; Gangwar, H.; Mishra,P.;Sharma,R; Systematic approach for composing Web Services using XML. Third International Conference on Computing Communication & Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2012

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Rainfall And Relative Humidity Occurrence Patterns In Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, South- South Nigeria.
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Augustine Asuquo Umoh ||, Aniefiok O. Akpan ||, and Bernice Bassey Jacob
Page No.	::	27-31
	::	10.9790/3021-03842731
		0.4/3021-03842731
		3021-0308-0431

Study of rainfall and relative humidity occurrence patterns between 2003 and 2012 in Uyo metropolis, Akwa Ibom State has been carried out using data collected from the meteorology data station of the University of Uyo. A correlation coefficient of 0.9021 was obtained between rainfall and percentage of relative humidity. The relationship between rainfall and relative humidity was obtained as RH = 0.0337R + 73.7 being a regression equation for relative humidity on rainfall and R = 22.3180RH - 1552.19 for rainfall on relative humidity. There were heavy down pour of rainfall at certain periods of the year while there were low occurrences in others. In the same vein there were high percentage of relative humidity at certain period but low occurrence at other periods.

 

Key Words: - Rainfall, Relative Humidity, weather, Precipitation

[1] Andrew, G. (1985): The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physical Geography.
[2] Ahrens, C. D. (1982): Meteorology Today and Introduction to Weather, Climate and environment. West publishing Company, New York, p. 21.
[3] Beers, N. R. (1945): Meteorological thermodynamic and Atmospheric statics. Handbook of meteorology. McGraw-Hill Inc. New York, p. 58.
[4] Fulk, J. R. (1997): Precipitation Meteorology in Science and Technology. McGraw-Hill Inc. New York, p. 301.
[5] Glossary of Meteorology (2000). Relative Humidity America Metrological Society. Internet. http://amsglossary.allenpess.com/glossary).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design and Implementation of Dynamic load balancer on OpenFlow enabled SDNs
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ragalatha P ||, Manoj Challa ||, Sundeep Kumar. K
Page No.	::	32-41
	::	10.9790/3021-03843241
		0.4/3021-03843241
		3021-0308-0441

To cope with heavy loads due to new technologies such as cloud computing and data-centers' the networking of devices on internet became more complex. To deal with complex demands the networks have to be smarter and able to control and manage the devices better hence the interest in software-defined networks. To effectively address the practical challenges of these networks the researchers have developed an open standard called OpenFlow. With OpenFlow firmware installed on routers and switches, users can use software to tap into flow tables and control a network's layout and traffic flow as fast as possible and flexibly. This software-based access allows inexpensively and easily to test new switching and routing protocols being developed from time to time. In this paper we present a dynamic load balancer that can enable application specific routing algorithms rather than network based static routing. The load balancer has been simulated on OpenFlow standard and it has been proved that load balancer is much faster and effective.

 

Keywords: - Load balancer, Routing, SDN, OpenFlow standard

[1] Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, "OpenFlow: The Next Generation of the Network?", IEEE computer , August 2011, PP 113-115.
[2] Andrea Bianco, Robert birke, Luca Giraudo, and Manuel Palacin, "OpenFlow Switching: Data Plane Performance", IEEE Communication Society, Proceedings of IEEE ICC July 2010.
[3] Richard Wang, Dana Butnariu and Jennifer Rexford, "OpenFlow- Based Server Load Balancing Gone Wild", December 2010.
[4] Sandeep Sharma, Sarabjit Singh and Meenakshi Sharma, "Performance Analysis of Load Balancing Algorithms", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 38 2008.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparative Study of Various Treatments For Dairy Industry Wastewater
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mrs. Bharati S. Shete ||, Dr. N. P. Shinkar
Page No.	::	42-47
	::	10.9790/3021-03844247
		0.4/3021-03844247
		3021-0308-0447

Dairy industries have shown tremendous growth in size and number in most countries of the world. These industries discharge wastewater which is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nutrients, and organic and inorganic contents. Such wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute receiving water bodies. In this article, the various recent advancements in the treatment of dairy wastewater have been discussed and stress is given on the lowest cost of the best possible treatment.

 

Keywords:- Aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment, Anaerobic fixed bed reactor, Dairy industry, Wastewater characteristics

[1] Jai prakash kushwaha, Vimal chandra srivastava, and Indra deo mall, ―An Overview of Various Technologies for the Treatment of Dairy Wastewaters‖ Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51:442–452 (2011)
[2] Dr. A. S. Kolhe, S. R. Ingale, Dr. R. V. Bhole, ―Effluent of Dairy Technology‖ Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832 Vol. II, Issue-5 (Nov.08-Jan.09)
[3] Oneţ Cristian, ―Characteristics of the untreated wastewater produced by food industry‖ Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula:Protecţia Mediului, Vol. XV, 2010
[4] U. B. Deshannavar, Basavaraj. R. K and Nandini M. Naik, ―High rate digestion of dairy industry effluent by upflow anaerobic fixed-bed reactor‖, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(6):2895-2899
[5] A. Tawfika, M. Sobheyb, M. Badawya; ―Treatment of a combined dairy and domestic wastewater in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by activated sludge (AS system)‖ Desalination 227 (2008) 167–177

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Etisalat Gsm Signal Occurrence Indices In The Local Govern ment Headquarters Of Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria.
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Augustine A. Umoh ||, Aniefiok O. Akpan ||, Imo Edet Udo
Page No.	::	48-51
	::	10.9790/3021-03844851
		0.4/3021-03844851
		3021-0308-0451

Etisalat GSM occurrence indices in the thirty one (31) local government headquarters of Akwa Ibom State, South- South Nigeria has been examined to know the network signal strength using etrex HC series global positioning system (GPS) navigator receiver equipment, GSM phone ( Nokia 2700C ) , signal phone meter and etisalat GSM mast for data collection. It is observed that the number of local government headquarters with 0% signal strength out-numbered those with 100% etisalat network signal strength. Those with 100% signal strength include Abak, Afaha Ikot Ebak, Ikot Ekpene, Mbak Atai, Okoita, Uyo, Etinan, Eket, Ikot Abasi and Oron, others fluctuate to 0% which is not proper for communication link. Etisalat network users with 0% signal strength are advised to complain to this telecommunication company so that they can find ways to improve the standard of network strength in their local government headquarters. Network mast should be installed to boost the signal strength in those Local Government Headquarters with low Etisalat network coverage so as to have maximum benefit of service delivery from this telecommunication industry. Professional telecommunication Engineers should be employed to service and maintain the network facilities for optimum performance.

 

Key Words: - Etisalat, Telecommunication, GSM, network, signal strength

[1] Adeleke, O. B. (1968): Certificate physicals and human geography. Pp. 9 – 11.
[2] Ernest, C. A. (2003). Telecommunication in National Development .Internet. http://www. DCC.gov.ng/article.
[3] Jacqueline, G. And Bruce, P. (1997): Link delays in signalling system. No. 7 Networks. Pp1199 – 1208.
[4] Lili, G. (2001): Telecommunication technology fundamental. Internet.http://www.aroprofessional.com.
[5] Mouly, M. And M. B. Pautet (1992): The GSM system for Mobile Communication.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Designing a multi-layered security algorithms for network intrusion detection systems on virtual machines in the cloud computing
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Mohammad Rafiee ||, Majid Mohammadi
Page No.	::	52-60
	::	10.9790/3021-03845260
		0.4/3021-03845260
		3021-0308-0460

With the emergence of new generation networks and providing new types of services, as cloud computing networks, the need to provide security that are compatible with the performance of these networks lead us to offer an algorithm for using the context of security available in prior networks. In this algorithm, intrusion detection systems(IDS) are activated depending on the service which selected by the user. The packages of each user is related to the network layer and standard protocols and will be selected considering that intrusion detection system. The techniques used in this paper are based on the parallel use of intrusion detection systems on network virtual machines. As objectives of this algorithm, we can point to reducing the computational load in contrast to large number of users and applications. Considering that internet is the context of using these networks, we need to reduce the response time to the user as short as possible.

 

Keywords: - Information Security, Parallel Processing, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Virtual Machine(VM)

[1] J.S. Chase, D.C. Anderson, P.N. Thakar , A.M.Vahdat, R.P. Doyle, "Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers" , Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, PA 103-116, New York, USA, 2001.
[2] ZH. Shen, Li. Li, Fie.Yan, "Cloud Computing System Based On Trusted Computing Platform", International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology an Automation, IEEE,2010.
[3] J. McHugh, "Intrusion and intrusion detection", CERT Coordination Center, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA,2002.
[4] Gartner. n, "Seven Cloud-computing Security risks", Network World, July 2008.
[5] KDD Cup 99 dataset, http://kdd.ics.uci.edu/database/kddcup99/kddcup99.html, August2005.