Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Investigation of the Tensile strength and Compressive strength of Fly Ash Core Sand wiched Composite Material
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Vijaykumar H.K ||, Maruthi Prashanth ||, Sajjad Saheb ||, Vigneshwar Nayak
Page No.	::	01-10
	::	10.9790/3021-04650110
	::	0.4/3021-04650110
		3021-0460-0510

In this paper, commercially available Fly Ash and Epoxy is used for the core material, woven glass fabric as reinforcing skin material, epoxy as matrix/adhesive materials used in this study for the construction of sandwich composite. Experimental investigation is carried out on different proportions of epoxy and fly ash sandwiched composite material for determining the tensile strength and compressive strength, three different proportions of epoxy and fly ash used for the study. Those are 65%-35% (65% by weight fly ash and 35% by weight epoxy resin) composite material, 60%-40% and 55%-45% composite material. 60%-40% composite material specimen shows better results in the entire test carried out i.e. tensile and Compression. The complete experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper.

 

Keywords: Fly ash, Epoxy resin, compressive strength, tensile strength

[1] Ahmad and Mahanwar, "The effect of fly ash as filler on the mechanical properties of HDPE", Int J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 41 2010

[2] Kurt Feichtinger, "The properties of identical laminate builds comprising two piles of 1808 E-glass fabric", Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006.

[3] K.N. Shivakumar, "Fabrication of two composite laminated panels and one composite sandwich using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)", Int J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 22, 2000.

[4] Enrico Papa, "Experimental investigation into the mechanical behavior of a composite sandwich", Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2001.

[5] Kunigal Shivakumar, "The mechanical and fire resistant properties of a commercial material", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 137, 2007

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Effect of Anticipatory Coarticulation of Bi-syllabic Words in Chinese
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Maolin Wang
Page No.	::	11-16
	::	10.9790/3021-04651116
	::	0.4/3021-04651116
		3021-0406-0516

In this experiment, trans-segmental vowel-to-vowel anticipatory coarticulatory effect in Chinese is examined. The target words are in the form of "bi.bV2‟ structure, and the subjects are eight native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Vowel formants are analyzed at the offset, middle and onset points of the target vowel. Results show that trans-segmental coarticulatory effect does exist in Chinese, especially at the offset point of the target vowel, and coarticulatory effect does not extend to the middle or the offset points of the vowel.

 

Keywords: - Speech, coarticulation, vowel, formant

[1] W. F. Katz, "Anticipatory coarticulation and aphasia implications for phonetic theories", Journal of Phonetics, (28), pp. 313–334, 2000.
[2] S. Y. Manuel, "Cross-language studies: relating language-particular coarticulation patterns to other language-particular facts", in W. J. Hardcastle and N. Hewlett (eds), Coarticulation: theory, data and techniques, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., pp. 179–198, 1999.
[3] S. E. G. Öhman, "Coarticulation in VCV utterances: spectrographic measurements," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 39, pp. 151–168, 1966.
[4] P. S. Beddor, J. D. Harnsberger and S. Lindemann, "Language-specific patterns of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation: acoustic structures and their perceptual correlates," Journal of Phonetics (30), pp. 591–627, 2002.
[5] S.Y. Manuel and R. A. Krakow, "Universal and language particular aspects of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation," Haskins Laboratories Status Reports on Speech Research, SR-77/78, pp. 69–78, 1984.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Numerical flow model stepped spillways in order to maximize energy dissipation using FLUENT software
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Moussa Rassaei ||, Sedigheh Rahbar
Page No.	::	17-25
	::	10.9790/3021-04651725
	::	0.4/3021-04651725
		3021-0406-0525

Stepped spillway energy dissipation has a synergistic effect. In the present study, to identify, the effect of various parameters such as the number of steps (N), the step height (h), the length step (L) and the discharge per unit width (q) on energy dissipation in stepped spillways simple numerical is used numerical method. Relationshipships between the critical depth flow and energy dissipation are presented and discussed in stepped spillways. In this study for solving the governing equations detachable, the finite volume method (Fluent Software) and to assess turbulence flow, is used the standard k-ε models. The regular mesh, is used in a Specified boundary condition and the volume of fluid method (VOF) is used to solve the free-surface flow. Free surface flow,Velocities and pressures in stepped spillway, is modeling by Confused numerical method. The numerical results were compared with Experimental results of other researchers, and the results are a good agreement and the errors Variations is one of the 2%. The results of this study show that with increasingthe flow rate and also by fixed dam height and with increasing the number of steps, is reduced energy dissipation.

 

Keywords: - stepped spillway, FLUENT numerical model, turbulence model 𝑘−𝜀, volume of fluid (VOF ) model

[1] Christodoulou, G.C, Energy dissipation on stepped spillway, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol.119, No.5, 644-649.
[2] Chamani, M.R. and Rajaratnam, N, Jet flow on stepped spillways, Journal of Hydraulic ASCE, Engineering. Vol.120, No.2, 254-259
[3] Chamani, M.R. Rajaratnam, N, Onset of skimming flow on stepped spillways, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE, Vol.125, No.9, 969-971

[4] Chen, Q. Dai, G. Liu, H, Volume of fluid model for turbulence numerical simulation of stepped spillway overflow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol.128, No.7, 683-688.
[5] Boes, R.M. Hager, H.W. 2003, Hydraulic design of stepped spillways, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE, Vol.129, No.9, 671- 679

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Developments of Flame Propagation in Micro and Mesoscale Channels
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Vihar D.Nandan ||, Narendra Deore
Page No.	::	26-29
	::	10.9790/3021-04652629
	::	0.4/3021-04652629
		3021-0406-0529

Flame propagation through channels with wall interaction and different types of flames are studied in the present work. Study includes propagation velocity of flame in accordance with burning velocity. The mean velocity and concentration gradient of fuel will be controlled by various types of burners. The propagation and extinction in a channel is studied to understand the effect of heat transfer between flame and wall on burning rate. The behaviour of flame and flame structure on basis of variations in local mixture composition will be studied which extends to physical and chemical parameters of a particular flame configuration. While studying propagation of flame in channels it is needed to study spinning behaviour of flames, asymmetry of flames, stretched flames and unstable flames. Various structures of flames make it unstable and directly affect on combustion. Mainly experimental study of combustion process in accordance with channel dimensions, flow rate, equivalence ratio and flame speed needs to be focused. Special attention is devoted to symmetry of flames and flame wall coupling.

 

Keywords: - Flame wall coupling, mesoscale channel, stretched flames, spinning flames

[1] N.B.Brovig, D.C.Walther, A.C.Fernandes-Pello, D.Bjerketvedt, Experimental investigation of premixed flame propagation in silicon channels, Power MEMS Wokshop, (2005), pp.33-36.
[2] Yiguang Ju and Bo Xu, Effects of flow rate and kinetic quenching on the transition of flame regimes in mesoscale combustion.
[3] Bo Xu, Yiguang Ju, Theoretical and experimental studies on Mesoscale flame propagation and extinction, Proceedings Of The Combustion Institute, 30(2005) pp.2445-2453.
[4] Bo Xu, Yiguang Ju, Experimental Study Of Spinning Combustion In A Mesoscale Divergent Channel, Proceedings Of The Combustion Institute 31, 2007 pp.3285–3292.
[5] Nam Il Kim A, Jeong Il Seo B, Young Tae Guahk B, Hyun Dong Shin B, The Propagation Of Tribrachial Flames In A Confined Channel, Combustion And Flame 146, 2006 pp.168–179.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study and comparison of the rate of energy dissipation in stepped overflows before and after hydraulic jump using laboratory model
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Moussa Rassaei ||, Sedigheh Rahbar
Page No.	::	30-33
	::	10.9790/3021-04653033
	::	0.4/3021-04653033
		3021-0406-0533

The Stepped spillway consists of steps that starts of near spillway crest and continues downstream heels The use of a stepped spillway, has been common since ancient times. But because of the significant impact of steps, on the energy dissipation flow, in recent years, due to this type of Spillways has been greater Also, understanding new technologies, use of Materials, Roller compact Concrete and consistent The manufacturing method with spillway mentioned make use of stepped Spillways has a large number of projects.In this paper, the use of physical models built in the Hydraulic Laboratory, Azad University of Dehdasht, flow was passed on stepped spillway and by measuring depth of water, before and after hydraulic jump, were calculated the rates of energy dissipation.The results of this research show that, due to the entry of air into water flow passing through, on stepped overflows, use a water depth before the hydraulic jump in downstream order to determine the energy loss, is caused estimating more (unrealistic) energy loss relative. In fact, with entry of air bubbles into the flow (reduction of viscosity), reduced of the rate shear stress, and consequently the relative energy dissipation properties, will be reduced. Also entry of air bubbles into the flow, causing increased volume of flow and measurement, depth flow, which makes with error.

 

Keywords: stepped spillway, energy dissipation, hydraulic jump

[1] Boes, R.M. Hager, H.W. 2003, Hydraulic design of stepped spillways, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE, Vol.129, No.9, 671- 679
[2] Chamani, M.R. and Rajaratnam, N, Jet flow on stepped spillways, Journal of Hydraulic ASCE, Engineering. Vol.120, No.2, 254-259
[3] Chamani, M.R. Rajaratnam, N, Onset of skimming flow on stepped spillways, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE, Vol.125, No.9, 969-971
[4] Chen, Q. Dai, G. Liu, H, Volume of fluid model for turbulence numerical simulation of stepped spillway overflow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol.128, No.7, 683-688.
[5] Christodoulou, G.C, Energy dissipation on stepped spillway, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol.119, No.5, 644-649.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Stress Distribution in Soils under Pile Cap of Tapered Piles in Compressible Clay
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	T.W. Adejumo
Page No.	::	34-41
	::	10.9790/3021-04653441
	::	0.4/3021-04653441
		3021-0406-0541

This research paper presents the results of comprehensive investigations on stress distribution in soils under pile cap of tapered piles in compressible clay. Compressible clay from Urucha and Shabani, area of Minsk province, Belarus was investigated in this work. The former was used for laboratory investigation, while field tests were conducted on the latter respectively. The results show the influence of axial compressive load on the magnitude, pattern and orientation of stresses in soils under the pile cap of loaded modeled instrumental piles bored into compressive clay soil. Stresses in the soils at different depths under the pile cap with reference to pile center lines were measured and compared with those obtained using Boussinesq's theory. Measured stresses are slightly higher than those calculated using the theory. The investigations also showed that, for tapered piles bored in compressive clay, the stress increases towards the center line of pile-pile cap joint irrespective of tapering angle only up to 0.5m below the cap, (model), beyond this point, the magnitude and pattern of stress changes. The vertical normal stress under the pile cap increases from zero at the surface to 42% in depth lower than 3.5R, and 55% beyond this point. The maximum principal stress is directed along the radius vector R and reduces radially outward from the pile centerline. The normal and shear stress vectors are less in pile with higher center to center spacing. In addition, stress distribution under pile cap is also a function of pile spacing and tapering angle. Clearly striated stressed zones of deformation under loaded pile cap, having depth in multiples of pile diameter were observed.

 

Keywords: - Compressible clay, Deformation, Settlement, Stress in soil, Tapered pile

[1] R. Hooke and J. B. Hansen, Stress analysis, Strain analysis and Shearing of soils, in The Engineering of foundations, available at http://.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072500581/373512/Ch04.pdf
[2] S. Manandhar and N. Yasufuku, Evaluation of skin friction of tapered piles in sands based on Cavity Expansion Theory, Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Vol. 71(4), 2011, 101- 126.
[3] J. E. Bowles, Foundation analysis and design 5th Edition, (Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 1997).

[4] J. Won, S.Y. Ahn, S. Jeong, J. Lee and S.Y. Jang, Nonlinear three-dimensional analysis of pile group supported columns considering pile cap flexibility, Computers and Geotechnics, (33), 2006, 355-370.
[5] B. M. Das and G. V. Ramana, Principles of soil dynamics 2nd Edition, (Stamford CT Connecticut: Cenpage Learning, 2011).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Inpainting For Image Restoration
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Chaitali P. Sathe ||, Dr.Shubhalaxmi Hingway ||, Sheeja Suresh
Page No.	::	42-47
	::	10.9790/3021-04654247
	::	0.4/3021-04654247
		3021-0406-0547

This paper presents comparision between 2 ways of image inpainting for image restoration.A rough version of the input image is inpainted CDD inpainting technique and by TV inpainting technique. Image is usually statistically corrupted with noise ,hence removal of the noise is another necessary objective of this paper. These ways are going to be applied to grey scale and RGB pictures. Compared to existing approaches, some enhancements are done .The inpainting of a rough version of the input image permits to scale back the machine complications, to be less vulnerable to noise and to figure with the dominant orientations of image structures. Experimental results on completely different pictures can show the effectiveness of the 2 ways.

 

Keywords: -Inpainting , CDD -curvature driven diffusion, TV -total variation

[1] Olivier Le Meur ,Christine Guillemot,: Super resolution based inpaintingIEEE Trans. OnImageprocessing vol.pp no. 99 2013
[2] Bugeau, A., Bertalm´ıo, M., Caselles, V., Sapiro, G.: A comprehensive frameworkfor image inpainting. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing 19 (2010)2634-2644
[3] Glasner, D., Bagon, S., Irani, M.: Super-resolution from a single image. In: In 2009IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). Volume 10.(2009)349356

[4] Minqin Wang: .TV-Based Texture Image Inpainting:In: International Conference onMultiMedia and Information Technology.(2008)272-275
[5] Criminisi, A., P´erez, P., Toyama, K.: Region filling and object removal by examplar-based image inpainting IEEE Trans. On Image Processing 13 (2004)1200-1212

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Performance comparison of power delay profile Estimation for MIMO OFDM
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Manisha K. Ahirrao ||, Beena R. Ballal ||, Shraddha Panbude
Page No.	::	48-53
	::	10.9790/3021-04654853
	::	0.4/3021-04654853
		3021-0460-0553

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system combined with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique can achieve reliable high data rate transmission over broadband wireless channels. In linear minimum mean square error channel (MSE) estimation for multicarrier system, it is necessary to know channel correlation function. Hence estimation of noise variance using null carrier and power delay profile can be used to approximation which can be described in two parameters like; mean delay and root mean square (RMS) delay spread. The approximate power delay profile is used to generate LMMSE coefficient for subcarrier channel estimation. In this paper the estimation of channel at pilot frequencies with Minimum Mean Square (MMSE) estimation algorithms is carried out through Mat lab simulation. The performance of MIMO OFDM is evaluated on the basis of Mean Square Error (MSE) level.Simulation results shows the performance of MSE for estimated PDP and Constant PDP for varying number of samples and for SNR. The performance of LMMSE channel estimation using the proposed PDP estimate approaches to that of Wiener filtering while in the other case, the estimated PDP gives less SNR than constant PDP.

 

Keywords: - Channel estimation, Power delay profile, Mean Square Error, MIMO, OFDM.

[1] Wang, Fei Pilot-Based Channel Estimation in OFDM System" 2011, Master of Science, University of Toledo, Electrical Engineering
[2] Sinem Coleri, Mustafa Ergen,Anuj Puri, Ahmad Bahai "A Study of Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems" 0-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ©2002 IEEE
[3] Young-Jin Kim and Gi-Hong Im, Senior Member, IEEE "Pilot-Symbol Assisted Power Delay Profile Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems" Young-Jin Kim and Gi-Hong Im, Senior Member, IEEE
[4] Keshav Kumar, Amit Grover ,"Comparison of Block Type Pilot Channel Estimation Techniques for Evaluating the performance of OFDM" International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research", Volume 3, Issue 11, November-2012 ISSN 2229-5518
[5] Abdelhakim Khlifi1 and Ridha Bouallegue "Performance Analysis of LS and LMMSE Channel Estimation Techniques for LTE Downlink Systems" International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2011

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Signal Monitoring by Spectrum Analyzers
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	Nabil Ali Sharaf Murshed ||, Abdelrasoul jabar Alzubaidi
Page No.	::	54-58
	::	10.9790/3021-04655458
	::	0.4/3021-04655458
		3021-0406-0558

Signal monitoring systems can range from extremely simple to very complex fixed-site-systems. This paper will review some of the basic components that can be used to assemble a signal monitoring system. The most basic of signal monitoring systems could simply be a radio and an antenna. To learn more about the signal it is necessary to measure frequency and amplitude of the signal. These requirements suggest that the spectrum analyzer can be the foundation of many signal monitoring systems.

 

Keywords: - Signal monitoring systems, antenna, and spectrum analyzer.

[1] R, S, Spectrum Analyzers vs. Monitoring Receivers,Paul Denisowski, Application Engineer Rohde & Schwarz

[2] Thomas Petruzzellis,22 Radio Receiver Projects for the Evil Genius, Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. [3] Radio Spectrum Management Module 5 of ICT Regulation Toolkit McLean Foster & Co. in collaboration Martin Cave and Robert W. Jones

[4] LS Summit 2013 – Automatic Radio Monitoring Hochschule Offenburg University of Applied Sciences