Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Implementation of AES Algorithm
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ankita S. Nampalliwar ||, Asst.Prof.Sheeja S. Suresh
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	10.9790/3021-04660105
	::	0.4/3021-04660105
		3021-0406-0605

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) could be a specification revealed by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2001, as FIPS 197. AES describes a symmetric-key algorithmic rule that uses identical key for each encrypting and decrypting the information. The block size is of 128 bits and also the key sizes are often of 128, 192, or 256 bits. AES operates on a 4×4 matrix of bytes, referred to as the state. Some rounds of transformation converts the plaintext into the ultimate cipher-text. Six and the key size divided by thirty two rounds measure the amount of rounds needed i.e. one round reads the state into four 4-byte variables, transforms the variables, xor's them by a 16-byte round key once targeting a variable-length plaintext. The plaintext has got to be divided into separate cipher blocks and subsequently solely it are often encrypted underneath some mode of operation, usually by randomization that relies on an extra formatting vector. The cipher feedback (CFB) mode, output feedback (OFB) mode measure laid out in FIPS eighty one. The counter (CTR) mode is nominative by authority .The advantage of those modes is simply encryption algorithmic rule for each coding and decoding which can reduces the AES hardware value by five hundredth (no would like of secret writing hardware).

 

Keywords: - AES, Encryption, Decryption, Pipelining, Verilog HDL.

[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology (US), Advanced Encryption Standard, http://csrc.nist.gov/publication/drafts/dfips- AES.pdf.
[2] C.P. Su, T.F. Lin, C.T. Huang, C.W. Wu, A high-throughput low-cost AES processor, IEEE Commun. Mag. 42 (12) (2003) 86–91.
[3] M. McLoone, J.V. McCanny, AES FPGA implementations utilizing look-up tables, J. VLSI Signal Process. Syst. 34 (3) (2003) 261–275.
[4] F.X. Standaert, G. Rouvroy, J.J. Quisquater, J.D. Legat, Efficient implementation of AES encryption in reconfigurable hardware: improvements and design tradeoffs, in: CHES 2003, LNCS 2779, 334–350.
[5] G.P. Saggese, A. Mazzeo, N. Mazzocca, A.G.M. Strollo, An FPGA-based performance analysis of the unrolling, tiling, and pipelining of the AES algorithm, in: FPL 2003, LNCS 2778, pp. 292–302.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Adaptive Scheme for suppressing unnecessary Hello messages used for Neighbor Discovery in MANET routing protocols
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Harpreet Kaur ||, Er.Jasmeet Brar
Page No.	::	06-10
	::	10.9790/3021-04660610
	::	0.4/3021-04660610
		3021-0406-0610

Mobile ad-hoc networks are widely used these days as in smart phones but energy efficiency is a major issue when discovering neighbor nodes to maintain connectivity as periodically exchanging hello messages are used for it. Overhead goes high due to neighbor discovery messages in the MANET routing protocols, such as in AODV, DYMO. In an attempt to enhance the scheme, this paper proposes a new approach to solve the problem by reducing unnecessary hello messages. In this paper we consider MANET under random waypoint model and investigated the relationship between the hello interval and event intervals. Finally we evaluate our study through simulations, the proposed scheme reduces the energy consumption and overhead of neighbor discovery processes.

 

Index Terms: - Hello messaging, energy consumption, network overhead, hello interval, mobile ad-hoc network (MANET).

[1] I. Chlamtac, M. Conti, and J. J. Liu. Mobile ad hoc networking: Imperatives and challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 1(1):13–64, 2003. Cited By (since 1996):376.
[2] S. Corson, J. Macker., "Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations," IETF RFC2501, 1999.
[3] Seon Yeong Han, and Dongman Lee "An Adaptive Hello Messaging Scheme for Neighbor Discovery in On-Demand MANET Routing Protocols" IEEE Communications Letters, VOL. 17, NO. 5, MAY 2013.
[4] T. Clausen, C. Dearlove, and J. Dean, "Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) neighborhood discovery protocol (NHDP)," 2010.
[5] David B. Johnson, David A. Maltz, Yih-Chun Hu and Jorjeta G. Jetcheva, "The Dynamic Source Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, " July 2004

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Engineering consideration for cage aquaculture
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Vikash Kumar ||, and Gunjan Karnatak
Page No.	::	11-18
	::	10.9790/3021-04661118
	::	0.4/3021-04661118
		3021-0406-0618

Cage aquaculture has grown very rapidly during the past 20 years and is presently undergoing rapid changes in response to pressure from globalization and growing global demand for aquatic products. A cage represents a delineated volume in the body of water where the aquatic organism can be farmed. Designing and engineering are major components for cage aquaculture and it is essential to select ideal construction material, proper designing, suitable mooring and good management practices in bringing out commercial cage aquaculture which is quite simple and economically feasible. A range of cage systems is now potentially available for off-shore mariculture in world, though not all of these may prove to be effective in the intended environmental conditions and production regimes. The cost of installation and operation is also very critical. This paper provides an overview of the engineering components, and gives a brief description about various engineering materials.

 

Key words: - Cage aquaculture, engineering, construction material, proper designing, suitable mooring

[1] Beveridge M. 1996. Cage aquaculture. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Scientific.
[2] Chang C.M., Wang W., Jao R.C., Shyu C.Z., Liao I.C. 2005. Development of an intelligent feeding controller for indoor intensive culturing of eel. Aquaculture engineering. 32: 343-353.
[3] Masser M. 2008. What is Cage Culture?.SRAC Publication No. 160.
[4] Chua, T.E. and Teng, S.K.1979. Relative growth and production of the estuary grouper, Epinephelussalmoides, under different stocking densities in floating net cages. Marine biology, 54: 363-72.
[5] Ignatius, B. 2009. Principles and practices of cage mooring. In; Imelda-joseph et al., (eds.). Course manual; national training on cage culture of Asian seabass, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, December 14-23, 2009, Cochin, pp.33-37.