Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breast feeding among Cesarean Section at Baghdad City- Iraq.
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Iqbal Majeed Abbas Prof. PhD
Page No.	::	01-08
	::	10.9790/3021-04730108
	::	0.4/3021-04730108
		3021-0407-0308

Background: Breast feeding is the best way to provide unique biological and emotional effects on mothers and their newborn babies. Objectives: To identify women's awareness about initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among cesarean section and predict the variables which contribute in initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. Methodology: Non probability - a purposive sample of 30 women who had caesarean section and follow them for the first month after birth at Fatima Al-Zahra'a Maternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital through the period from 16 May to 2 August 2011. Questionnaire developed by the researcher was based on review of literature and related studies and background experience as a tool of data collection. It was consisted of four parts (demographic , reproductive , initiation and continuation of breastfeeding). Content validity was carried out through eleven experts. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the questionnaire and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysis of data. Results: Results of the study revealed that 43.3% of study sample initiation of breastfeeding during 24 hours after cesarean section, 76.7% of them had continued breastfeeding, 26% of them had exclusive breastfeeding. Prediction of six variables which contribute in initiation and continuation of breast feeding ( age, parity, number of alive children, age at marriage, place of previous delivery and previous initiation of breastfeeding). Conclusions: Most of the study sample did not aware about the exclusive breastfeeding; one quarter of them had discontinuation of breastfeeding due to inadequate of their milk and newborn refused to take the breast during breastfeeding. Recommendations: Reactivated the role of Baby Friendly hospital Initiative in promoting breastfeeding by implementation of ten steps successful breastfeeding and counseling women during pregnancy and immediate postpartum about initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for six months after birth.

 

Key words: - Awareness, Breastfeeding, Cesarean Section, Continuation and Initiation.

[1] Alemayehu T., Haidar J. & Habte D.: Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices in Ethiopia, Ethiop.J.Health Dev., 2009, 23(1):12-18..
[2] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010: With Understanding and Improving Health and Objectives For Improving Health, 2nd ed., Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 2000.
[3] Pérez-Escamilla R., Maulěn-Radovan I. & Dewey K.: The association between cesarean delivery and breast-feeding outcomes among Mexican women, Am J Public Health, 1996, 86(6):832–836.
[4] Forster D., Mclachlan H. & Lumley J.: Factors associated with breastfeeding at six months postpartum in a group of Australian women [online], International Breastfeeding Journal, 2006, 1(18):1-12. Available at: http://www.internationalbreastfeedingjournal.com/content/ 1/1/18
[5] Murtaugh M.: Optimal breastfeeding duration [online], Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1997, 97: 1252-1254.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigations on EYDFA As A Compact, Inline Amplifier
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Nupur Agarwal ||, Aditya Goel
Page No.	::	09-12
	::	10.9790/3021-04730912
	::	0.4/3021-04730912
		3021-0407-0312

The phenomenal and continual growth in internet, the convergence of information, communication and entertainment require practical and cost-effective approaches that can be rapidly and easily deployed. Erbium Ytterbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers, an advancement over Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) are a potential candidate that can increment our high capacity/long haul links. This paper investigates some basic parameters that influence the design of EYDFA. An EYDFA in dual stage mode is configured to obtain an excellent noise figure of the order of 3-4 and uniform broadband gain flatness within 1 dB over a band of 30 nm.

 

Keywords: - dual stage, erbium doped fiber amplifier, erbium-ytterbium doped fiber amplifier, uniform broadband gain

[1] O. Lumholt, t. Ramussen and a. Bjarklev, Electron. Lett. 29 (1993) 495.
[2] M. Federighi, I. Massarek and P. F. Trwoga, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. X (1993) 227.
[3] W. J. Miniscalco, J. Lightwave Technol. 9 (1991) 234.
[4] Paul F. Wysocki, Namkyoo Park and David DiGiovanni, "Dual-stage erbium-doped, erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiberamplifier with up to +26-dBmoutput power and a 17-nm flat spectrum," Vol. 21, No. 21 / November 1, 1996, Optics Letters,1744
[5] S. Grubb, T. Windhorn, W. Humer, K. Sweeney, P. Leilabady, J. Townsend, K. Jedrzejewski, and W. Barnes, "Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications," Vol. 13 of 1991 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1991), postdeadline paper PdP12-1.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Parametric Investigation of Foundation on Layered Soil under Vertical Vibration
Country	::	India
Authors	::	S. N. Swar ||, P. K. Pradhan ||, B. P. Mishra
Page No.	::	13-28
	::	10.9790/3021-04731328
	::	0.4/3021-04731328
		3021-0407-0328

The paper presents the parametric investigation of foundation on layered soil underlain by a rigid base subjected to vertical vibration are found out using one-dimensional wave propagation in cone,based on the strength of material approach. The stiffness and damping co-efficient for a rigid massless circular foundation resting on layered half-space and homogeneous half-space, under vertical vibration are evaluated using various parameter such as, depth of the layer, material damping ratio, Poisson‟s ratio. The static stiffness predicted by the model for different depth layer is evaluated using three value of Poisson‟s ratio. The resonant frequency-amplitude and frequency-magnification are also studied varying the influencing parameter such as, mass ratio, Poisson‟s ratio.

 

Keyword- Cone model, Dynamic impedance, Circular foundation, one-dimensional wave propagation, Foundation vibration

 sand unit weight of sand
 sawdust unit weight of sawdust
 ,   hysteretic material damping ratios of top and bottom soil
layers respectively in two-layered soil
 circular frequency of excitation
n circular natural frequency,
m damped natural frequency

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Fabrication of Jute-PP and Wood Stock-PP composites and Comparison of their Physico-Mechanical Properties
Country	::	India
Authors	::	G.V.Mahajan ||, Prof. V. S. Aher ||, Mr. Rajendra Katore
Page No.	::	29-35
	::	10.9790/3021-04732935
	::	0.4/3021-04732935
		3021-0407-0335

The present study aims at learning the fabrication and mechanical behavior of hybrid natural fiber composites. Specimens are cut from the fabricated laminate according to the ASTM standards for different experiments. Short jute fiber reinforced polypropylene PP-based composites (50% fiber by weight) were fabricated using compression molding and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, % elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, heat deflection temperature, water absorption and flammability of the composites were to be evaluated. Then wood stock reinforced PP-based composites (50% fiber by weight) were fabricated and all mechanical properties were compared with short jute-based composites. Short jute-based composites showed excellent mechanical properties comparable to wood stock-based composites.

 

Keywords: - Jute-PP, Woodstock-PP, Compression molding.

[1] MD. REZAUR REHMAN, MD. MONIMUL HOUQUE, MD NAZRUL ISLAM "IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSIO- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE FIBRE REINFORCED PROLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES BY POST TREATMENT" JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES: PART A 39 (2008) 1739-1747.
[2] Pankaj K. Aggarwal, N. Raghu, Ajay Karamarkar, Shakti Chauhan, "Jute Polypropylene composites using M-TMI-grafted Polypropylene as a coupling agent", Journal of materials and design 43 (2013) 112-117.
[3] Sumit Chakraborty, Sarada Prasad Kundu, Aparna Roy, "Improvement of Mechanical properties of jute fibre reinforced cement mortar : A Statistical Approach", Journal of Construction and building materials 38 (2013) 776-784.
[4] Thi-Thu-Loan Doan, Hanna Brodowsky, Edith Ma¨der, "Jute fibre/polypropylene composites II. Thermal, hydrothermal and dynamic mechanical behavior", journal of Composites Science and Technology 67 (2007) 2707–2714.
[5] Byung S. Hwang, Byung S. Kim, Jung H. Lee, Joon H. Byun, Jong M. Park, "physical parameters and mechanical properties improvement for jute fiber/polypropylene composites by maleic anhydride coupler", 16th international conference on composite materials.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparative study of Data Mining Approaches for prediction Heart Diseases
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr.Hari Ganesh S ||, Gajenthiran M
Page No.	::	36-39
	::	10.9790/3021-04733639
	::	0.4/3021-04733639
		3021-0407-0339

Data mining is the process of finding useful and relevant information from the databases. There are several types of data mining techniques are available. Association Rule, Classification, Neural Networks, Clusteringare some of the most important data mining techniques. Data mining process may take important role in Health care Industries. Most commonly the data mining process is used in health care industries for the process of prediction of diseases. This paper analysis the Heart Disease prediction approaches using classification technique. Here we are using three different kinds of classifiers named Naïve Bayes, Decision Table, and J48. The data set which is used here is taken from the UCI repository.Weka tool is used.

 

Keywords: - Heart disease prediction, Classification, Decision Table, Naïve Bayes.

[1] Dharminder Kumar, Deepak Bhardwaj"Rise of Data Mining: Current and Future Application", International Journal of Computer Science, Vol- 8, Issue 5, September-2011.
[2] ZdravkoMarkovIngridRussell"An Introduction to the WEKA Data Mining System", Zdravko Markov Central Connecticut State University.
[3] VikasChaurasia, SaurabhPal"Early Prediction of Heart disease using data mining techniques",Carib.j.SciTech,2013,Vol.1,208-217
[4] NidhiBhatla, KiranJyoti"An Analysis of Heart Disease Prediction using Different Data Mining Techniques",International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT).
[5] Jay Gholap"Performance Tuning Of J48",Dept. of Computer Engineering College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	A Review of Issues Related to Copper Etchant
Country	::	India
Authors	::	S. A. Patil ||, R.P Yadav
Page No.	::	40-43
	::	10.9790/3021-04734043
	::	0.4/3021-04734043
		3021-0407-0343

Copper etching is considerably important process in electronics industry, particularly in the fabrication of printed circuit board. Various etchants can be used for this purpose, but nowadays cupric chloride is more accepted etchant, because of its high etch rate and easy regeneration properties. In the present study, copper etching process with cupric chloride etchant was investigated. In the etching of copper, the most important etching parameter is etch rate, therefore the investigation was based on the various effects on etch rate. The influence of etchant concentration, additives and etching temperature were examined. It is also important to regeneration/recycle of waste etchant from environmental point of view. Thus, various cupric chloride etchant regeneration processes were investigated.

 

Keywords: - Copper etchants, Cupric Chloride, Ferric Chloride, Alkaline Etchants, and Regeneration of waste etchant.

[1] D.M. Allen, The Principle and Practices of Photochemical Machining and Photo etching, Adam Hilger Publication, 1986
[2] W.T. Harris, Chemical Milling, Oxford University Press, 1976
[3] J.W. Dini, American Machinist (Special Report), 128, (1984), 113-128
[4] C.F. Coombs, Jr., (Ed), Printed Circuit Boards, McGraw-Hill, 1995

[5] J.O.E.Clark, The Marconi Review, 26 (1961), 135-152

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Modeling Network Router, Switches and Security Using Cisco and OPNET Simulation Software
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Edward E. Ogheneovo ||, and Ibiba S. Kio
Page No.	::	44-50
	::	10.9790/3021-04734450
	::	0.4/3021-04734450
		3021-0407-0350

Since the introduction of computer networks and Internet technology, the issue of security in computer network and the Internet has been a major challenge. Hackers and unauthorized users have been compromising user's information by a way of getting access to such information. It is a well-known fact that information is very vital to individuals and organization these days; hence the need to protect our data and information from unauthorized users. In this paper, we design a Cisco network with routing and security using Cisco network simulation software (packet tracer), which ordinarily will not work without some set of configurations. We then show the configurations necessary for the routing and security. The model is validated through extensive simulation results. Our results show that routing, switching, and security were fully implemented in the model. The model is therefore recommended for any organization or computer networking firms that needs a standard, efficient, robust, and secure network.

 

Keywords: - Computer network, Cisco, Ethernet, Network security, Simulator software

[1] D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Computer Networking with Internet Protocols and Technology, (Pearson Education, 1987).
[2] H. S. Chhaya and S. Gupta (1997). Performance Modeling of Asynchronous Data Transfer Methods of IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks.
[3] H. Nguyen and G. Bianchi, Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 DCF, Proc. of IEEE PIMRC, 1996, pp. 234-245.
[4] N. M. Rabadi and M. M. Syed, Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11a MAC Protocol for Vehicular Intersection Collision Avoidance System, 2002.
[5] IEEE 802.11 WG. International Standard for Information Technology – Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, Part 11: Wireless LAN MAC and PHY Specifications, 1999.

Paper Type	::	Review Paper
Title	::	Reduction of Cavity Resonance In Wireless Applications
Country	::	India
Authors	::	K.V.S.Sreedhar ||, K.Y.S. Prasad ||, G.Surya Teja ||, K.Daniel Anurag
Page No.	::	51-56
	::	10.9790/3021-04735156
	::	0.4/3021-04735156
		3021-0407-0356

This paper presents a radio-frequency (RF) evanescent-mode cavity resonator for passive wireless sensor applications. The evanescent-mode resonator is composed of a cavity with a center post. The resonant frequency of the resonator is determined by the dimension of the cavity, the gap between top membrane electrode of the cavity, and the center post.

[1]. M.B. Bauza, R.J Hocken, S.T Smith, S.C Woody, (2005), The development of a virtual probe tip with application to high aspect ratio microscale features, Rev. Sci Instrum, 76 (9) 095112
[2]. Tech Target - Definition of Wireless - Posted by Margaret Rouse (April 2006) What is wireless? - Retrieved December 25, 2012
[3]. Geier, Jim. Wireless Network Industry Report 2007, Wireless-Nets, Ltd., 2008
[4]. Ilcev, Stojce Dimov, Global Mobile Satellite Communications for Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications, Springer, 2006
[5]. F.L. Lewis. "Wireless Sensor Networks." Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols, and Applications, ed. D.J. Cook and S.K. Das, John Wiley, New York, 2004. Automation and robotics research institute. 26 Oct. 2013

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	MExS A Fuzzy Rule Based Medical Expert System To Diagnose The Diseases
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sajan Seth
Page No.	::	57-62
	::	10.9790/3021-04735762
	::	0.4/3021-04735762
		3021-0407-0362

This article describes the development of medical expert system for diagnosis of human diseases [MExS]. MExS can be used to perform some statistical evaluations on patient's symptoms which we find in our daily life, to detect the particular disease. It is a decision support system based on the symptoms. We describe a new method to creating weighted fuzzy set rule to deal with the medical diagnosing problems from the training data. It is a causal rule (whose "IF" part truly causes the "THEN" part to happen as an effect) based medical diagnosis expert system. The researchers are try to advance to develop software that will assist the doctors, physician or a normal human being in making right decision without any consultation with the specialist. The aim of this paper is to develop a single expert which deals with the diseases of liver, kidney, ENT, MD, blood, nervous system, eye, and skin. This expert system is a collection of different specialists related to human into a single unit to predict the human diseases.

 

Keywords: - Diagnosis 25 human diseases, Fuzzy logic, Medical record of patients, Suggest specialist.

[1] H.S.Hota, "Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Intelligent Techniques", International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) ISSN: 2319–6378, Volume-1, Issue-3, page no. 45 – 58 January 2013
[2] D. G. Bounds, P. J. Lloyd, B. Matthew, and G. Waddell, "A Multi Layer Perceptron Network for the Diagnosis of Low Back Pain", International Conference on Neural Networks, San Diego, CA, volume-2, page no. 58-64 ,2012
[3] Priynka Sharma, "Decision support system for Malaria and Dengue", International journal of information and computation technology, ISSN: 0974-2239 Volume 3, page no. 76-82, 2013
[4] S.Krishan Anand, "Design and implementation of fuzzy expert for estimating the level of Asthma", Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research Volume -2 page no. 51-59, 2013.
[5] Mir Anamul Hasan, Md. Sher-E-Alam and Ahsan Raja Chowdhury," Human Disease Diagnosis Using a Fuzzy Expert System", Journal of Computing, Volume 2, ISSN2151-9617, page no. 81-90, JUNE 2010

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Squaring of circle and arbelos and the judgment of arbelos in choosing the real Pi value (Bhagavan Kaasi Visweswar method)
Country	::	India
Authors	::	R.D. Sarva Jagannadha Reddy
Page No.	::	63-70
	::	10.9790/3021-04736370
	::	0.4/3021-04736370
		3021-0407-0370

 value 3.14159265358… is an approximate number. It is a transcendental number. This number
says firmly, that the squaring of a circle is impossible. New  value was discovered in March 1998, and it is
14 2
4

= 3.14644660942…….. It is an algebraic number. Squaring of a circle is done in this paper. With
this new  value, exact area of the arbelos is calculated and squaring of arbelos is also done. Arbelos of
Archimedes chooses the real  value.
Keywords: - Arbelos, area, circle, diameter, squaring, side

[1] Lennart Berggren, Jonathan Borwein, Peter Borwein (1997), Pi: A source Book, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag Ney York Berlin Heidelberg SPIN 10746250.
[2] Alfred S. Posamentier & Ingmar Lehmann (2004), , A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number, Prometheus Books, New York 14228-2197.
[3] David Blatner, The Joy of Pi (Walker/Bloomsbury, 1997).
[4] RD Sarva Jagannada Reddy (2014), New Method of Computing Pi value (Siva Method). IOSR Journal of Mathematics, e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN: 2319-7676. Volume 10, Issue 1 Ver. IV. (Feb. 2014), PP 48-49.
[5] RD Sarva Jagannada Reddy (2014), Jesus Method to Compute the Circumference of A Circle and Exact Pi Value. IOSR Journal of Mathematics, e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN: 2319-7676. Volume 10, Issue 1 Ver. I. (Jan. 2014), PP 58-59.