Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Excitation of electrons filled the deeper zones in Bi2Se3
Country	::	Asia
Authors	::	Gurban Axmedov
Page No.	::	01-05
	::	0.4/3021-05614854
	::	3021-0506-0205

In the frequency region ω> ωg absorption is large, so the information on the mechanisms of interaction of light and matter Bi2Se3 can be obtained from the analysis of reflectance spectra. Results of this assay are very sensitive to the surface quality of the test samples. Was preferable to natural cleavage plane, obtained immediately before optical studies in the vacuum chamber of the spectrograph. However, this method is labor-intensive, so reflectance spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet region were studied on freshly prepared chemically polished surfaces.

 

Keywords: - Structure, Samples, Excitation, Surface, Dielectric Constants

[1] H. Philipp, H. Ehrenreich. Optical Properties of Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. 129, 1550, (1963)
[2] M. Cardona et al. Optical Properties of Semiconductors from 12 to 200 ev, Proc. Intern. Conf. on the Phys. Of Semiconductors, Boston, 1970, p. 209.
[3] H. Ehrenreich et al., Interband Transition in Group IV, III-V, and II-VI Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 59, (1962)
[4] M. Cardona, R. Heasen. Optical Properties of Some Compound Semiconductors in the 36 - 150 ev, Region, Phys. Rev. B1, 2605 (1970).
[5] G. Axmedov. Physical Properties and Influence of the Tempering on Electric Properties Films Bi2Te3, International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2014, pp. 111-115. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.17

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Synthesis And Characterization Of Ligand Diimines And Their Complexes Of Copper (Ii) And Zinc(Ii)
Country	::	Morocco
Authors	::	Meriem DRISSI ||, Asmae NAKKABI ||, Mireille Ninon MBONZI OMBENGA ||, M'Barek CHOUKRAD ||, and Mohammed FAHIM
Page No.	::	06-09
	::	0.4/3021-05620609
	::	3021-0506-0209

In recent years, the importance of metal complexes bases ligands polyamines increased in various directions due to their biological activities and their applications in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicine and materials. In this article we will examine the synthesis of bidentate ligands derived from Schiff bases (diimine) N,N'-Bis(benzylidène)benzene-1,2-diamine L1 and N,N'-Bis(4-dimethyaminobenzylidene) propane-1,2-diamine L2 from precursors ortho-phenylendiamine and 1,2-diaminopropane successively, and on the other hand their corresponding copper and zinc metal complex (L1)2MCl2 (M = Zn: C1, M = Cu: C2) and (L2)2MCl2 (M = Zn: C3 M=Cu: C4). The compounds thus obtained were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR; 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry.
Keywords:- Schiff bases, zinc complex, copper complex, IR, 1H-NMR; 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry.

[1] H.Bendifi, M.Fahim, M. EL Amane, H. Atmani., Phys.Chem., 35 , 2007, p 116.

[2] M. Fahim, J.M. Barbe, R.Guilard, A. Amechrouq, M. EL Amane, Phys.Chem.News, 52, 2010, p57-61.

[3] J. Halpern et K.N. Raymond; At the interface of inorganic chemistry and biology, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003 100(7), 3526.

[4] H.B. Gray; "Biological inorganic chemistry at the beginning of the 21st century." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US A, 100(7), 3563-3568, 2003.

[5] Patole J. Shingnapurkar D, Padhye S & Ratledge C, Schiff base conjugates of p-aminosalicylic acid as antimicobacterial agents, Bio-org Med Chem Lett, 16 (2006) 1514-1517.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Assessing the inter-relationship between vegetation productivity, rainfall, population and land cover over the Bani River Basin in Mali (West Africa)
Country	::	Kenya
Authors	::	Souleymane S. TRAORE ||, Eric K. FORKUO ||, Pierre C.S. TRAORE ||, Tobias LANDMANN
Page No.	::	10-18
	::	0.4/3021-05621018
	::	3021-0506-0218

This research investigated the inter-relationship between vegetation productivity, measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), change in rainfall and population density in the context of perceived greening and degradation trends over the Bani River Basin (BRB). A 30-year (1982-2011), 8-km gridded rainfall data sets was produced by inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation of monthly data from 40 meteorological stations contained within the basin. Population data were retrieved from the National Population Statistic data base for 1987, 1997, and 2009. Rainfall and NDVI time-series trends were computed for the 30-year period and analysed. The relationship between rainfall and NDVI at pixel level, and NDVI and population densities was analysed using a Pearson correlation. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) conversion rates were computed for the same period using multi-temporal 30-meter Landsat imagery; ground surveys for selected areas within the basin were used for further cross-verification. The computed NDVI trends revealed that, vegetation ‗greening' trends are mostly associated with areas where natural vegetation is still well represented. Concurrent with increases in rainfall over the period analysed, this finding supports the hypothesis that re-greening observed in that area is the result of multi-decadal fluctuations in climate, rather than improved land management.
Keywords:- Vegetation productivity, Rainfall, Population, Inter-relationship, Mali.

[1]. S. M. Herrmann, A. Anyamba, and C. J. Tucker, ―Exploring Relationships between Rainfall and Vegetation Dynamics in the Sahel Using Coarse Resolution Satellite Data,‖ 2005.
[2]. L. Barbe, ―Rainfall Variability in West Africa during the Years 1950 – 90,‖ J. Clim., pp. 187–202, 2002.
[3]. V. Schueler, T. Kuemmerle, and H. Schröder, ―Impacts of surface gold mining on land use systems in Western Ghana,‖ Ambio, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 528–539, 2011.
[4]. C. Li, J. Qi, L. Yang, S. Wang, W. Yang, G. Zhu, S. Zou, and F. Zhang, ―Regional vegetation dynamics and its response to climate change—a case study in the Tao River Basin in Northwestern China,‖ Environ. Res. Lett., vol. 9, no. 12, p. 125003, 2014.

[5]. A. Anyamba, J. Small, C. Tucker, and E. Pak, ―Thirty-two Years of Sahelian Zone Growing Season Non-Stationary NDVI3g Patterns and Trends,‖ Remote Sens., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 3101–3122, Apr. 2014.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Estimation of Flexural Strength with respect to Atypical Composite Section Pile member by Continuous CIP Construction Method
Country	::	South Korea
Authors	::	Seunghun Kim
Page No.	::	19-23
	::	0.4/3021-05621923
	::	3021-0506-0223

This study performs a section analysis for an atypical composite section by continuous CIP construction method and suggests the transformed section to calculate flexural strengths. The constant strength reduction coefficient was derived with the reinforcement ratio as a variable and the circular transformed section was used with respect to the special casing section through a section analysis. With using this coefficient, the proposed section analysis method was confirmed to be appropriate because it showed less than 5% error rate between the flexural strength of the actual composite section and the sum of the flexural strengths of both the special casing and the circular casing.
Keywords:- Flexural strength, CIP, Section analysis, Composite section, Pile

[1] S. Noh, S. Kim, S. Hong, J. Park, and K. Kim KS. A study on the economical analysis of the PUS applied to the basement wall. J AIK, 27(11), 2011, 177-184.
[2] S. Chun, S. Kim, S. Noh, K. Kim, and B. Han, Development and structural assessment of joints of permanent uni-wall systems and floor systems in substructure. J KIBC, 12(2), 2012, 230-242.
[3] ACI Committee 318. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-14) and commentary (Farmington Hills, Mich., 2014).
[4] Architectural Institute of Korea, Korean Building Code and Commentary (2009).
[5] IMBSEN, XTRACT v2.6.0 (1999)

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Analysis of Electric-Rubber Tyred Gantries for a more green Durban Container Terminal
Country	::	South Africa
Authors	::	Rowen Naicker ||, Dhiren Allopi
Page No.	::	24-28
	::	0.4/3021-05622428
	::	3021-0506-0228

The Durban Container Terminal (DCT) is currently the biggest and busiest container terminal in Africa and handles about 2.7-million TEUs a year. DCT handles approx. 70% of South Africa's containers and generates 60% of South Africa's revenue (Port of Durban, 2014). The work-horse of the container handling industry is the Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) crane. For over 50 years, these heavy duty cranes have been a staple at ports worldwide. Typically powered by diesel engines, these cranes require constant maintenance and fuel management to remain operational. In addition to costs, ports have begun to feel the pressure to become more "Green" by local authorities and governments.Pier 1, at DCT is currently utilizingRTGs. High energy consumption and high pollution result from RTGs operating around the clock. This entails a high cost burden for terminal operators and causes serious environmental pollution.An investigation into solutions to lessen operating costs, strengthen business competitiveness, and alleviate environmental pollution is presented in this paper. The results were analyzed and conclusions, as well as recommendations were made.

[1]. APM (A.P. Moller) (2011) APM terminals to retrofit and electrify RTG fleet worldwide. http://www.apmterminals.com.
[2]. Brinkmann, B. 2011. Operations Systems of Container Terminals: A Compendious Overview. Germany: Institute for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Infrastructure Development – Leuphana University Luneburg.
[3]. CAVOTEC (2011) RTG electrification, http://www.porttechnology.org.
[4]. Duan, S. J. (2009) Application of energy saving technology on Rail Tired Gantry Crane. Hoisting and Convening Machinery, 2, 4-8.
[5]. Grunow, M., Günther, H. O., Lehmann, M. (2006) Strategies for dispatching AGVs at automated seaport container terminals. OR Spectrum, 28, 587-610.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Determination Method of Horizontal Well Polymer Injection Rate
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Sun Zhe ||, Sun Wei
Page No.	::	29-36
	::	0.4/3021-05622936
	::	3021-0506-0236

In the middle and later periods of the oilfield development, with horizontal well technology being applied by some oilfields in order to improve the entirety development effect of the reservoir, thus the irregular pattern of the horizontal well and the original vertical wells is formed. In this paper, for the irregular pattern which shows in the middle and later periods of the oilfield development, the distribution function of reservoir pressure field in the irregular pattern which combines horizontal well dual pipe polymer injection with vertical wells oil extraction was derived, basing on complex potential theory and the superposition principles, and the determination method of the rational polymer injection rate of the outer and inner pipe of horizontal well in the irregular pattern was put forward. The determination method of horizontal well rational polymer injection rate in the irregular pattern was applied to waterflood Gao 246 Block in Liaohe Oilfield, the rational polymer injection rate of horizontal well which was determined according to the method mentioned above was consistent with the result of the reference[7], which show that the determination method of the rational polymer injection rate of the outer and inner pipe of horizontal well for the irregular pattern which combines horizontal well dual pipe polymer injection with vertical wells oil extraction is correct.

Key words：Horizontal well; Vertical wells; irregular pattern; Polymer injection rate of horizontal well; Rational polymer injection rate.

[1] X. Liu, W. G. Lu, F. An. Horizontal well combination of tertiary oil recovery [J]. Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering, 2005, 24(12): 23-24.
[2] S. D. Joshi. Cost/Benefit of horizontal wells[C].SPE83621, 2003: 226–230.
[3] S. Y. Zhang, H. Q. Cui. Study on characteristics of oil well inflow performance of ASP flooding [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2010, 10(18): 95-100.
[4] D. B. Qu, J. L. Ge, D. M. Wang. The theoretical research of combined area well pattern of horizontal well and vertical wells-the 5-spot well pattern[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1995, 22(1): 35-38.
[5] J. L. Ge, D. M. Wang, D. B. Qu. The theoretical research of combined area well pattern of horizontal well and vertical wells-the 7-spot well pattern[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1995, 22(2): 47-50.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Subdivisions of Structural Layers and Characteristics of The Fault Systems of Yingshan Fault Depression
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Yushuang Hu ||, Zhiwei Hu ||, Jiao Zhang
Page No.	::	37-41
	::	0.4/3021-05623741
	::	3021-0506-0241

The subdivisions of the structural layer and fault system is the basis of the analysis of structural evolution. According to seismic reflection characteristics and stratigraphic contact, the Yingshan Formation is divided into four structural layers: the rifted layers (Huoshiling group - Yingcheng group), fault sag conversion layers (Denglouku group), depressed layers (Quantou group - Nenjiang group) and inversion structure layer (Nenjiang group to now). The faults of which towards mainly the north east and the north-east control the structure largely in this study area. The fault system can be divided into upper and lower system, and each fault system have inheritance and difference.

 

Keywords: - Yingshan fault depression, unconformity, structural layer, fault system

[1] Lowell J D. Structural Styles in Petroleum Exploration [M]. OGCI. 1985,13-75.
[2] Taylor B, Hayes D E. The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea[M]//Hayes D E. The Tectonics and Geological Evolution of Southeast Asia Seas and Islands Washington D C: American Geophysical Union,1980:89-104.Liu
[3] He Liansheng. Formation and evolution of South China Sea and their relation to oil and gas resources[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1988,8(2):15-28.
[4] Ben Avrahren Z, Uyeda S. The evolution of the China basin and the Mesozoic paleography of Bomeo[J]. Earch and Planetary Science Letters,1973,18:365-376.
[5] W. C. Ross. Modeling base-level dynamics as a control on basin-fill geometries and facies

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Application Of Geological Model In The Region Of Xinli Oilfield VI
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Qingguo Zhang ||, Jiayu Zhou ||, Qifan Yi ||, Shiyue Wang ||, Zitong Li
Page No.	::	42-46
	::	0.4/3021-05624246
	::	3021-0506-0246

The reservoir geological model is an important part of reservoir description, which has a particularly important role to guide exploration and development of oil and gas. This article takes full advantage of the data of seismic, drilling, logging to establish Xinli Oilfield VI region's structural model and facies model by Petrel software, then using the method of Sequential Gaussian Simulation to establish the model of attribute (porosity, saturation) under the facies model's constrain, these models can provide a strong geological reference to predict the distribution of remaining oil and adjust the remaining oil development plan.

 

Keywords: - geological model, structural model, facies model, attribute model

[1] Shenghe Wu, Yupeng Li, Present situation and prospect of reservoir geological modeling[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2007, 12(3): 53-60.
[2] Yongbin Wu, Yitang Zhang, Zenggui Wu, The 3D visualization geological modeling based on petrel software. Computer Applications of Petroleum, 2007, 15(1): 21-24.
[3] Wei Liu, Hongqi Liu, Jianping Li, A application of reservoir geological modeling based on petrel software, World Well Logging Technology, 2010, (175): 20-21.
[4] Tianxiang Duan, Xiaomei Liu, Yajun Zhang, A few understanding of petrel model, Lithologic Reservdirs, 2007（2）.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigation of factors affecting the Blow Holes in Die Casting Process
Country	::	Thailand
Authors	::	Praevadee Kaewkongkha ||, Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen
Page No.	::	47-51
	::	0.4/3021-05624751
	::	3021-0506-0251

The objective of this research is to study the factors affecting the blow holes in the die casting process of aluminum alloys R14 for the compressor of the automotive parts. The factors such as the casting pressure, the injection speed, the high starting of the position and the vacuum pressure are investigated. A response surface analysis with the Box-Behnken Design has been employed to obtain the optimum condition in order to minimize the blow holes formation. It has been proved that the amount of blow holes can be reduced by using the experimentally obtained optimum conditions, which are the casting pressure of 85 Mpa, the die casting low injection speed of 0.30 m/s, the high injection speed of 2.49 m/s, the high-speed starting position of 326.81 mm and the vacuum pressure of -97.28 Kpa.

 

Keywords: - Die Casting Process, Aluminum alloys R14, Blow Holes, Response Surface Analysis

[1] Frederick P.Schleg. Die casting process (An American Foundry Society Publication, 2002).

[2] G.O. Verran, R.P.K. Mendes, L.V.O. Dalla Valentina. DOE applied to optimization of aluminum alloy die casting. Journal of Material Processing Technology 200 (2008): 120-125.

[3] Allsop DF, Kennedy D. Pressure die casting. 1st ed (New York, Pergamon Press, 1983).

[4] Yasser M. Dessouky, Adam Bayer. A simulation and design of experiments modeling approach to minimize building maintenance costs. Computer. Journal of Material Processing Technology 179 (2006) 190–195.

[5] Syrcos, G.P. Die casting process optimization using Taguchi methods. Journal of Material Processing Technology 135 (2003): 68-74.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Research status of shale gas evaluation methods
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xin Deng ||, Xin Wang
Page No.	::	52-54
	::	0.4/3021-05625254
	::	3021-0506-0254

Shale gas occurs mainly in the dark shale or high carbon shale and sandy silt, which clip rocks. Origin, occurrence, distribution and other characteristics of the geology. of gas in the shale have diversity. Shale gas has "three high and two low" phenomenon in the logging curves, could be a better indicator of shale gas. Using logging curve combination method, acoustic wave and resistivity cross-plot method is the main method for evaluation of shale gas and convenient way. But the study of shale gas in our country has still many problems, the researchers should speed up the development process of logging instrument, and study the advanced logging method.

 

Keywords: shale gas; geological characteristics; logging response characteristics; logging method; cross-plot

[1] Mo Xiuwen, Li Zhoubo, Pan Baozhi. Methods and progress on shale gas formation evaluation [J]. Geological bulletin, 2011, Z1:400-405. [2] Xiao Kun, Zou Changchun, Huang Zhaohui, et al. Logging response characteristics and identification methods in shale reservoir [J]. Science and technology review, 2012,18:73-79.
[3] Wang Xiangzeng,Gao Shengli,Gao chao. Geological features of Mesozoic continental shale gas in south Erdos Basin [J]. Petroleum exploration and development, 2014,03:294-304.

[4] Yuan Guiqin, Sun Yue, Gao Weidong, rt al. The current situation of the development of shale gas geophysical exploration technology [J]. Geology and exploration, 2013,05:945-950.

[5] Wan Jinbin, Li Qinghua, Bai Songtao. Logging evaluation and progress of shale gas reservoir[J]. Well logging technology, 2012,05:441-447.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Development status of tight reservoir fluid identification method
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xin Wang
Page No.	::	55-58
	::	0.4/3021-05625558
	::	3021-0506-0258

Through a lot of research literature, summed up the preliminary understanding of the tight layer of oil and gas and the status of technical development of low porosity and low permeability reservoir identification, tight reservoirs as an important reservoir of unconventional oil and gas resources, the demand for crude oil in the country is very important. For the tight pore structure complex, low porosity and permeability of the reservoir, heterogeneity obvious characteristics of the reservoir fluid identification difficult. In this paper, the use of conventional logging identification methods and unconventional logging identification method identificates integrated oil and gas reservoirs in tight layer synthetically.

 

Keywords: tight reservoir fluid identification low porosity and permeability

[1] Du Jinhu, He Haiqing, Yang Tao, and so on. Tight oil exploration progress and challenges in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(1):1~9.

[2] Zhao Zhengzhang, Du Jinhu, Zou Caineng, and so on. Tight oil and gas[M]. Petroleum Industry Press,2012.

[3] Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel SC,et al.Morphology,Genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in Siliceous Mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79 （12）：848~861.

[4] Han Qianfeng, Shi Zejin, Gou Yingchun, and so on. Conventional integrated interpretation of logging data[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):543~548.

[5] Tao Honggen,Wang Hongjian. Imaging logging technology and its application in Daqing Oilfield[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2008:72~75.