Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Processing Techniques on the Quality Attributes of Oil Extracted from Sesame Seed (SesamumIndicum)
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Pele, G.I. ||, Ogunsua, A.O. ||, Otutu, O.L. ||, Ikuomola, D.S. ||, Oladiti, E.O.
Page No.	::	01-07
	::	0.4/3021-06120107
	::	3021-0601-0207

Sesamumindicum, also known as sesame seed is widely naturalized in the tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds. This study therefore evaluated the quality attributes of oil extracted from sesame seed by different processing techniques. Oil was extracted from raw and roasted sesame seed by different processing methods and the following analyses were carried out: vitamins,physicochemical and quality properties. The results of vitamin analyses showed that oil form raw and roasted seed had 19.60 and 26.40μg/100g respectively of vitamin A; 0.17 and 0.26mg/100g respectively of vitamin B; 1268.50 and 1396.80μg/100g respectively of vitamin E were significantly different. The results also showed that there were significant increase in cholesterol (100 and 110mg/kg)for raw and roasted seeds respectively, whereas results from quality evaluation showed that oil from raw and roasted seed had acid value (2.52 and 1.64g KOH/g); peroxide value (0.80 and 3.00meq/kg); free fatty acid (0.71 and 0.35%); iodine value (170.05 and 154.82g/100g) and saponification value (178.00 and 184.00KOH/g) respectively. The study however showed that oil obtained from roasted seed is more prone to rancidity though it is significantly higher in vitamins.

 

Keywords: Physicochemical, quality attributes,raw, roasted, sesame seed and vitamins.

[1]. AOAC (2005).Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. AOAC, Washington, D.C.
[2]. Bedigian, D., Segler, D.S. and Harlen, J.R. (1985). Sesame, sesamolin and the origin of sesame. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 13; 133 – 139.
[3]. BPC (1988).British Pharmacopoeia. Office of the British Pharmacopoeia Commission, London
[4]. Chemonics International Inc. (2002) Overview of the Nigerian sesame Industry. The UnitedState Agency for International Development (USAID). Publication of National Small Scale Industries Corporation. 20/07/11.
[5]. Cooney, R.V., Custer, L.T., Okinaka, L. and Franke, A.A. (2001).Effeccts of Dietary sesame seeds on plasma Tocopherol levels. Nutrition and cancer, 39: 66 – 77.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Sub-channel Based Uplink OFDMA Random Access Scheme Considering Hidden Nodes in the Next Generation Wireless LAN
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Ronny Yongho Kim
Page No.	::	08-11
	::	0.4/3021-06120811
	::	3021-0601-0211

In this paper, a novel sub-channel based uplink Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple Access (OFDMA) random access scheme is proposed. In the next generation Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), OFDMA was adopted in order to enhance throughput performance. OFDMA can be used for both downlink and uplink. In order to utilize OFDMA for uplink, AP needs to schedule stations' packet transmission. In order for AP to schedule stations' uplink packet transmission, either random access scheme or pre-scheduling scheme can be utilized. Because pre-scheduling scheme requires lengthy scheduling procedure, random access scheme is preferred and used in various wireless technologies including 4th generation wireless technology. For such purpose, IEEE 802.11ax adopted uplink OFDMA random access scheme. However, how multiple channels can be utilized or how stations transmit random access packets during random access period is not defined. In this paper, a novel sub-channel based uplink OFDMA random access scheme considering hidden nodes is proposed. Detailed Medium Access Control (MAC) header formats are presented in order to provide a complete protocol.

 

Keywords: - OFDMA, Uplink, Random Access, IEEE 802.11ax

[1] "IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications," IEEE Std 802.11-2012, 2012
[2] Mohamed M. Abo Ghazala, Mohamed F. Zaghloul, and Mohammed Zahra, "Performance Evaluation of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Computer Networks (WLANs)," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 13, pp 63-76, December 2009
[3] Raja Hasyifah Raja Bongsu, Nazirah Abd. Hamid, Ahmad Nazari Mohd. Rose and Shamala Subramaniam, "Enhanced Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Multihop Wireless LANs," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 49, pp 63-72, December 2012
[4] IEEE 802.11-14/0165r1 802.11 HEW SG Proposed PAR, 2014
[5] Bianchi, G., Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., (2000) 18, 535–547.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Distributed OFDMA Channel Access in the Next Generation Wireless LAN
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Ronny Yongho Kim
Page No.	::	12-15
	::	0.4/3021-06121215
	::	3021-0601-0215

In this paper, a novel distributed Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple Access (OFDMA) channel access scheme in the next generation Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is proposed. In the next generation WLAN, heavy traffic load situation by dense user population is expected. Since WLAN employs contention based distributed channel access, heavy traffic causes very long channel access delay. One of the key enabling technologies in the next generation WLAN is OFDMA. In the proposed scheme, by utilizing the broadcast signal, trigger frame, users are autonomously grouped into multiple groups and perform channel access through multiple sub-channels. By utilizing the proposed scheme, since active users can be distributed to multiple sub-channels, channel access delay caused by heavy traffic can be substantially reduced.

 

Keywords: - Distributed Channel Access, OFDMA, IEEE 802.11ac, Wireless LAN

[1] "IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications," IEEE Std 802.11-2012, 2012
[2] Mohamed M. Abo Ghazala, Mohamed F. Zaghloul, and Mohammed Zahra, "Performance Evaluation of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Computer Networks (WLANs)," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 13, pp 63-76, December 2009
[3] Raja Hasyifah Raja Bongsu, Nazirah Abd. Hamid, Ahmad Nazari Mohd. Rose and Shamala Subramaniam, "Enhanced Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Multihop Wireless LANs," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 49, pp 63-72, December 2012
[4] IEEE 802.11-14/0165r1 802.11 HEW SG Proposed PAR, 2014
[5] Bianchi, G., Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., (2000) 18, 535–547.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	IEEE 802.11p based WAVE Protocol for Railroad Applications
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Ronny Yongho Kim
Page No.	::	16-19
	::	0.4/3021-06121619
	::	3021-0601-0219

In this paper, a study on Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) for railroad application is presented. WAVE communication is developed for vehicular communication and based on IEEE 802.11p technology. Whereas Intelligent Transport System (ITS) using WAVE has been developed very much, WAVE applications for railroad have not been studied. When WAVE is used in railroad applications, safety needs to be considered with highest priority. WAVE protocol for railroad applications needs to fully take safety requirements into account. In this paper, we propose possible WAVE protocol architecture and technical considerations for WAVE railroad application.

 

Keywords: - IEEE 802.11p, WAVE, Railroad

[1] IEEE Std 1609.1-2006 - IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Resource Manager, 13 Oct 2006.
[2] IEEE Std 1609.2-2013 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments—Security Services for Applications and Management Messages, 26 Apr 2013.
[3] IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services, 30 Dec 2010
[4] IEEE Std 1609.4-2010 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Multi-channel Operation, 7 Feb 2011.
[5] IEEE 802.11p-2010 - Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, IEEE Standards Association, 2010.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Novel WAVE Multi-Channel Alternating Scheme for Railroad Applications
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Ronny Yongho Kim
Page No.	::	20-24
	::	0.4/3021-06122024
	::	3021-0601-0224

In this paper, a novel Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) multi-channel alternating scheme is proposed. WAVE is exploited in various applications including Intelligent Transportation Service (ITS). For efficient operation of WAVE, multiple channels for various traffic types should be used. WAVE can also be applied for various railroad applications such as railroad wireless multimedia communication, passenger information services, and Communication Based Train Control (CBTC). In order for WAVE to be used for railroad applications, WAVE needs to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements which some railroad applications require. Since only a basic multi-channel operation is defined in the WAVE standards, an efficient multi-channel operation scheme is required to meet the QoS requirements of railroad applications. In this paper, a novel and efficient WAVE multi-channel alternating scheme is proposed. Since the proposed scheme reuses the existing primitives, the WAVE standard does not need to be changed and only simple WAVE modem implementation per the proposed scheme is required. The proposed scheme can be used not only for the railroad applications but also ITS applications which require strict QoS requirements.

 

Keywords: - OFDMA, Uplink, Random Access, IEEE 802.11ax

[1] "IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications," IEEE Std 802.11-2012, 2012
[2] Mohamed M. Abo Ghazala, Mohamed F. Zaghloul, and Mohammed Zahra, "Performance Evaluation of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Computer Networks (WLANs)," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 13, pp 63-76, December 2009
[3] Raja Hasyifah Raja Bongsu, Nazirah Abd. Hamid, Ahmad Nazari Mohd. Rose and ShamalaSubramaniam, "Enhanced Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Multihop Wireless LANs," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 49, pp 63-72, December 2012
[4] IEEE Std 1609.1-2006 - IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Resource Manager, 13 Oct 2006.
[5] IEEE Std 1609.2-2013 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments—Security Services for Applications and Management Messages, 26 Apr 2013.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The utilizition of fault in controlling petroleum entrapment on the slope tectonic zone
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Zhang Meiling ||, Zheng Lin ||, Liu Yunxin
Page No.	::	25-29
	::	0.4/3021-06122529
	::	3021-0601-0229

Fault is a sigificant factor in oil-gas migration and petroleum entrapment.For instants,Pu-Group Weixing-field, Daqing.Fault has undertaken four aspects in controling,First of all, fault and oil resources expelling hydrocarbon at the same corresponding period,which in favor of primary migration of oil and reservoir forming.Second,the massive fault of cut-through source rock benefits the oil migration and reservoir forming.Third,different-oriented fault has different impact affect.Finally,provided well condition for oil-gas storage if fault and watercourse sand-body matching each other quit well.On the basis of these four controlling actions,we could prospect the favorable block in the research area,It had been verificated by well-spacing experiment, and the result we have got is fantastic.

 

Keywords: fault,petroleum entrapment,slope tectonic zone,master control affect,Weixing field

[1] JIANG Zhen-xue, PANG Xiong-qi, ZENG Jian-hui, et al. Research on types of the dominant migration pathways and their physical simulation experiments[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12 (4): 507- 516.

[2] Fu Guang,Wang Haoran,Hu Xinlei. Modification and application of fault-reservoir displacement pressure differential method for vertical sealing of faults[J],Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(6), 685-691.

[3] HUANG Wei, WANG Yafeng, WANG Ge, et al. Formation and distribution of multi-types reservoir of Weixing oilfield in the northern Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2004，23(5)：30-32.

[4] GAO Xingyou. Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mode in Putaohua oil layer of Sanzhao Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2008，27(2)，9-15.
[5] HAN Zhongyi. The analysis of the main controlling factors of fault became effective hydrocarbon migration channel[J].Journal of Yangtze University，2008，5(3):52-55.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The study on sedimentary microfacies distribution rule of Putaohua oil layer at East area ,Pubei oil field
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Weijian Cao ||, Yunfeng Zhang ||, Liang Wang ||, Ye Xu
Page No.	::	30-33
	::	0.4/3021-06123033
	::	3021-0601-0233

Pubei oilfield is located in the south of Daqing Placanticle large rivers in deltasedimentary system Using the principle of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, isochronous stratigraphic frame work is established. 11 small layers in 472wells,26 sedimentary time units in the study area has been fined and unified, repeatedly omparisoned as a wholeUsing the data of core and well log curve data on the basis of the isochronous stratigraphic frame work, sedimentary evolution history in the study area,and the analysis of Putaohua reservoir in the coring interval of single well core's sedimentary microfacies,we established six well logging facies models, including main underwater distributary channel, underwater distributary channel, edge of underwater distributary channel, main sand sheet,sand sheet and bay mud between distributary channels. We also draw the sedimentary time unit of sedimentary microfacies. Byanalyzing the initial productivity and oil production testing data in the study area,we make an anatomy of the reservoir on the whole region.

 

Keywords: - sedimentary microfacies,Characteristic,Pubei oilfield

[1] Samuel O K J， Cornford C， Jones M， et al. Improved understanding of the petroleum systems of the Niger Delta Basin， Nigeria[J]. Organic Geochemistry， 2009， 40(4): 461-483.
[2] Camassa R， Holm D D， Levermore C D. Long-time effects of bottom topography in shallow water [J]. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena， 1996， 98(2): 258-286.
[3] Kinnon E C P， Golding S D， Boreham C J， et al. Stable isotope and water quality analysis of coal bed methane production waters and gases from the Bowen Basin， Australia[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology， 2010， 82(3): 219-231.
[4] Lang J， Winsemann J， Steinmetz D， et al. The Pleistocene of Schöningen， Germany: a complex tunnel valley fill revealed from 3D subsurface modelling and shear wave seismics[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews， 2012， 39: 86-105.
[5] Pichler T， Veizer J. The precipitation of aragonite from shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in a coral reef， Tutum Bay， Ambitle Island， Papua New Guinea[J]. Chemical Geology， 2004， 207(1): 31-45.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Northeast China Eastern basin group of lower cretaceous lithofacies palaeogeographic characteristics
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Jiayi Yang ||, Yuanlin Meng
Page No.	::	34-38
	::	0.4/3021-06123438
	::	3021-0601-0238

By using the field measured section and predecessors' studying results, considering the fault basin stretching environment, based on the study of fault basin sedimentary characteristics, further the overall grasp the eastern basin of northeast lithofacies palaeogeographic characteristics of the early cretaceous. Research shows that in the early cretaceous, eastern basin group of whole presents the "north hainan land" sedimentary characteristics, formation in northern main Marine development, in the land and sea, lake sedimentary system, equal in southern basin sedimentation in delta, fan delta, littoral and shallow lake and deep lake - deep lake facies and coal development in northern and southern shale development. Enhanced because of the tethys domain collision, volcanic activity presents the " North weak south strong ", the north high degree of thermal evolution of organic matter, and then shale development.

 

Keywords: Northeast China Early Cretaceous lithofacies palaeogeo graphy sedimentary facies

[1] Qiao Dewu，Ren Shoumai，Qiu Haijun，et al．The present situation of oil & gas resources exploration and strategic selection of potential area in China [J]．Geological Bulletin of China，2010，28（2/3）：187-196.

[2] Zhang Kang．The prospect of the development of oil and gas exploration in Northeast China（in lieu of preface） [J]．Geological Bulletin of Chna，2013，32（8）：1141-1146．

[3] Zhang Jiguang，Jin Chengzhi，Jin YInji．Petroleum geological characteristics and exploration potential of Yanji residual fault basin [M]．Beijing：Science Press，2014：1-34．

[4] Strategic research center of oil & gas resources，Ministry of Land and Resources．Dynamic evaluation of oil and gas resources in northeast China [M]．Beijing：Petroleum industry press，2013：127-180．

[5] Strategic research center of oil & gas resources，Ministry of Land and Resources．Oil and gas resources strategic investigation and selection of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basin in northeast China[M]．Beijing：Geological publishing house，2013：1-58．

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Types and Briyfly Origins of the Extensional Fault-Related Folds
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Liu Yanxue ||, Ding Xiaomei ||, Li Zitong
Page No.	::	39-43
	::	0.4/3021-06123943
	::	3021-0601-0243

Not until Hamblin（1965）described rollover folds associate with nomal faults did topographers realize that extensional fault-related folds, which is of great significance to exploration of hydrocarbon, exist wildly. The theory of extensional fault-related folds developed rapidly in rencent several decades, having established relatively systematic achievement. This paper briefly documents the type and origin of folds associate with extensional fault by summarizes foreign and domestic literatures. It is suggested that the classification of extensional folds incorporates both axial trend and mechanism of folds. Extensional folds are divided into three principal types including longitudinal, transverse and oblique folds on the basis of the geometry relationship between the axial fold and the associated normal fault. Futher more, these three types of folds are divided into several detailed categories according to their origin mechanism respectively.

 

Key words: - normal fault, extensional fault-related fault, origin mechanism

[1] Hamblin W K. Origin of "reverse drag" on the down thrown side of normal faults[J]. Geological Society of America Buletin, 1965, 76 (10): 1145-1164.
[2] Schlische R.W. Geometry and origin of fault-related folds in extensional settings [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1995, 79(11): 1661- 1678.
[3] Janecke S.U.,Vanderburg C.J., Blankenau J.J. Geometry,mechanism, and significance of extensional folds from examples in the Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, U.S.A. [J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 1998, 20(7): 841- 856.
[4] Khalil SM, McClay K R. Extensional fault-related folding, northwestern Red Sea, Egypt [J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2002, 24 (4): 743- 762.
[5] Wang Xinwen. Extensional folding and its significance for oil-gas exploration. [J]. Journal of Geoscience, 2008, 22(1): 60-69.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effective source rock distribution prediction of the first member of Qingshankou Formation (k1qn1) in Shengping-Weixing region
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Xiao Guichen
Page No.	::	44-48
	::	0.4/3021-06124448
	::	3021-0601-0248

The identification of effective source rocks is the basis for the study of oil and gas accumulation in sedimentary basins,and its distribution has important control effect on oil and gas accumulation.Combined with the hydrocarbon generation characteristics, analysis of the hydrogen index of hydrocarbon source rocks (HI), hydrocarbon index (TI) and the content of TOC, think about theTOC mass fraction of hydrocarbon source rocks with significant contribution to the formation of oil and gas reservoirs was more than 2% in Daqing oilfieldShengping-Weixing region, and the hydrocarbon expulsion depth was 1680m. Prediction of TOC content in single well by well logging Δlog Rmethod，and using the TOC content lower limit value as the evaluation standard to further determine the different thickness of the effective hydrocarbon source rocks of Wells and plane distribution characteristics. Results show that the two main development effective hydrocarbon source rocks, strong for hydrocarbon source rocks in southern, northern for weak hydrocarbon source rocks.

 

Key word: Effective hydrocarbon source rock; hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics; TOC content lower limit value

[1] Gang Wenzhe, Wu Yue, Gao Gang, et al. Geochemical features and geologic significances ofsource rocks in Nanpu Sag，Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2012, 34(1).

[2] Wang Peng, Liu Guangdi, Cao Zhe, et al. Identification of effective source rocks of Lower Cretaceous and its controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation in Chagan Depression. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(2).

[3] Zhang Yan, Wang Pujun, Chen Wenli, et al. Identification and Mapping of the Effective Source Rocks- Take the Kongquehe Area of the Tarim Basin as an Example. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2007, 37(3).

[4] Wang Zhihong, Luo Xia, Li Jingkun. Effective Source Rock Forecasting in Deep Layers of Northern Songliao Basin, 2008,19(2).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Enhancement of solidification of PCM around finned tubes: modeling and validation
Country	::	Brazil
Authors	::	Kamal A. R. Ismail ||, Priscilla D. da Silva ||, Fatima A. M. Lino
Page No.	::	49-63
	::	0.4/3021-06124963
	::	3021-0601-0263

Phase change materials (PCMs) are the most attractive thermal energy storage media due to their reduced storage volume and isothermal behavior during charging and discharging processes. Their main drawback is the slow thermal response due to the low thermal conductivity. Various methods for PCM thermal conductivity enhancement have been investigated by many researchers. The present study has the objective of investigating fins for enhancing thermal conductivity of PCM and meliorate their thermal performance. The formulated model for the horizontal radial finned tube is based on pure conduction in the PCM and numerically treated by finite difference and Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) formulation. The numerical code is optimized and the numerical predictions were validated against experimental results. Additional numerical and experimental measurements were realized to investigate the effects of the cooling fluid temperature, its mass flow rate, diameter, thickness and material of the fin on the interface velocity, solidified mass and the time for complete solidification.

 

Keywords: - Finned tube, latent heat storage system, PCM, phase change, solidification, thermal conductivity enhancement

[1] R. H. Henze and J. A. C. Humphrey, Enhanced heat conduction in phase-change thermal energy storage devices, Int. Journal Heat Mass Transfer, 24, 1981, 459-474.
[2] P. V. Padmanabhan and M. V. K. Murthy, Outward phase change in a cylindrical annulus with axial fins on the inner tube, In. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 29 (12) 1986, 1855-1868.
[3] K. A. R. Ismail, C. L. F. Alves, and M. S. Modesto, Numerical and experimental study on the solidification of PCM around a vertical axially finned isothermal cylinder, Applied Thermal Engineering, 21 (1), 2001, 53–77.
[4] K. A. R. Ismail and M. G. E. Silva, Numerical solution of the Phase change problem around a horizontal cylinder with convection in the melt region, Int. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46 (10), 2003, 1791-1799.
[5] Z. Liu, X. Sun, C. Ma, Experimental investigations on the characteristics of melting processes of stearic acid in an annulus and its thermal conductivity enhancement by fins, Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 2005, 959–969.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The application of seismic reservoir prediction technology research
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Liu Jiyu ||, Shi Dan ||, Ren Jieping ||, Xing Tianhui ||, Li Yang
Page No.	::	64-70
	::	0.4/3021-06126470
	::	3021-0601-0270

While using drilling, logging data and geological data with high resolution, can accurately obtain the hole and a small range around the interval of lithology and oil and gas information, but it is hard to describe between shaft and hole around the reservoir, reservoir conditions, due to the seismic data contain abundant information, reservoir property and incomparable with drilling data on lateral continuity, so seismic exploration technique is still in the reservoir prediction and reservoir horizontal asked one of the most effective means. Application of seismic attribute information to qualitative predicting sandstone is the main purpose of the seismic data, from the Angle of geological requirements, the application of seismic data to maximize the prediction of thin sandstone distribution. At home in the earth physics common practice is to use conventional seismic attribute points large section of the qualitative prediction of sandstone distribution and lateral prediction more accurate, is advantageous to the well placement.

Keywords: Seismic attributes; Lateral prediction; Sandstone prediction; Sandstone distribution

[1] Chen Jun, Chen Yan. The application of seismic attribute analysis in reservoir prediction [J]. Journal of petroleum exploration, 2001, 40 (3): 94-99.

[2] Yu Jianguo, Jiang Xiuqing. The application of seismic attribute optimization in reservoir prediction [J]. Journal of oil and gas geology, 2003, 24 (3): 291-294.

[3] Chen Zunde. Reservoir seismic attribute optimization method [M]. Beijing: petroleum industry press, 1998. 93 - 100.

[4] Liu Wenling etc. More information reservoir prediction effectiveness seismic attribute extraction and analysis method[J]. Journal of petroleum exploration, 2002, 9 (1): 100-106.

[5] NiYi etc. Reservoir prediction of seismic attribute optimization problem study [J]. Journal of petroleum geophysical prospecting, 1999, (6): 614-625.