Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	TheStructuralStyleinthe Western SichuanForeland Basin, Southwestern China
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Zhang Bing
Page No.	::	01-04

Western Sichuan foreland basinformed on one side of the continental margin which collision orogensdragged down and is belong to peripheral basin.Nowadays, the basin is long striped, because it controlled by the nappe tectonic belt in Longmen Mountains. The main depocenteris near the front of the Longmen Mountains. With the development of the exploration activity, the study of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt has become a hot geoscience research. The character of the Western Sichuan foreland basin is fault-related fold.The typical types are fault-bend fold, fault-propagation fold, duplex,sudden-deformation structure, for elimb-breakoutstructure, triangle belt and klippe and so on.Under the current conditions, it has theoretical and practical significance to study the foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Keywords: the western Sichuan foreland basin; structural styles; fault-bend fold; fault-propagation fold; duplex

[1] JiaChengzao, Song Yan, Wei Guoqi, et al. Geological features and petroleum accumulation in the foreland basins in central and western China [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(3): 3- 13(in Chinese with English abstract). [2] Lu Huafu, JiaChengzao. Structures of Kuqa- Keping Rejuvenated Foreland Thrust Belt [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003: 19- 112(in Chinese).

[3] Wang Zecheng, Liu Hefu, XiongBaoxian, et al. Basin- mountain coupling analysis from filling stratigraphy of foreland basin [J]. Earth Science- Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2001, 26(l): 33- 39(in Chinese with English abstract). [4] Liu Shugen, LuoZhili, Zhao Xikui. Coupling relationships of sedimentary basin- orogenic belt systems and their dynamic models in west China- - a case study of the Longmenshanorogenic belt-west Sichuan foreland basin system [J]. ActaGeologicaSinica, 2003,77(2): 177- 186(in Chinese with English abstract). [5] Liu Hefu, Liang Huishe, CaiLiguo, et al. Structural systems of the Longmenshan thrust belt and evolution of the foreland basin in western Sichuan province, China [J]. ActaGeologicaSinica, 1994, 68(2): 100- 117(in Chinese with English abstract).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Design and Implementation of Unmanned Space Exploration Vehicle for Martian Terrain
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Gokulavasan. M ||, Rahul Kanuganti ||, Shyam R Nair
Page No.	::	05-12

In this paper, we present the design for a unmanned space exploration vehcle for using in Martian terrain. The main focus will be on the basic building blocks of the system from mechanical to software and various applications in the Martian terrain. We also discuss a little bit of future expansion of the system.

 

Keywords: - Astronaut Assistance, Autonomous, Kinematics, Rover, Space Exploration, Terrain Traversing, Trajectory, Unmanned Ground Vehicle.

[1] Faisal Qureshi & Demetri Terzopoulos, "Intelligent perception and control for space robotics", Machine Vision and Applications, February 2007.
[2] A. Sarkar, R. Reiger, D. Chatterjee, S. Patranabis, H. Singh, P. Mukherjee, "Simulation study of a constant time hybrid approach for large scale terrain mapping using satellite stereo imagery", Robotics and Autonomous Systems, April 2016.
[3] Arun Kumar Singh, K. Madhava Krishna, "Feasible acceleration count: A novel dynamic stability metric and its use in incremental motion planning on uneven terrain", Robotics and Autonomous Systems, April 2016.

[4] Guglielmo Gemignani, Roberto Capobianco, Emanuele Bastianelli, Domenico Daniele Bloisi, Luca Iocchi, Daniele Nardi, "Living with robots: Interactive environmental knowledge acquisition", Robotics and Autonomous Systems, March 2016.
[5] Linjie Xin, Qinglin Wang, Jinhua She, Yuan Li, "Robust adaptive tracking control of wheeled mobile robot", Robotics and Autonomous Systems, March 2016.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The organic matter abundance evaluation of Shuangyang group in Chaluhe fault depression of Yitong basin
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Li Jingchao ||, Dai Chunlei
Page No.	::	13-17

Chaluhe area of Yitong Basin has been explorated several times. But all explorations have not make an substantive breakthrough yet. Based on the collected data of hydrocarbon source rocks of Chaluhe area, systematic sampling, we conducted a sampling system. Samples were analyzed for TOC, "A", S1 + S2 and other indicators to evaluate the organic matter abundance. The results show that the dark mudstone most develops in shuangyang group in middle shallow layer of Chaluhe area, where has high abundance of organic matter and can be an effective source rock. Complex the above analysis, we predict for favorable exploration area and laid the foundation for further exploration to deploy Chaluhe region.

 

Key words：Yitong basin; Source rock of hydrocarbon;Organic matter abundance

[1] Tang Daqing, He Sheng, Chen Honghan. Fault System' s Characteristics of Yitong Basin and Its Evolution[J].Jilin: School of earth sciences, Jilin university,2009,39(3):386-396.

[2] Hou Qijun, Zhao Zhikui. Yitong basin evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics[J]. Petroleum industry press,2009.

[3] Wang Yongchun. Petroleum system and hydrocarbon accumulation in Yitong graben.Beijing: Petroleum industry press,2001:168-169.

[4] Zhang Fulin,Wang Limin.Physical properties and geochemical characteristics of crude oil in Yitong basin. Jilin petroleum science and technology,1991,21(1):28-36.

[5] Huang Dipan,Li Jinchao,et al.The evolution and hydrocarbon generation mechanism of terrestrial organic matter[M]. Beijing: Petroleum industry press,1984.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Results analysis of the point bar numerical simulation in the M block of Daqing Oilfield,China
Country	::	China
Authors	::	WangQi ||, Mao Chaoyuan
Page No.	::	18-21

Point bar reservoir is the key development object in the late development of Daqing Oilfield, in this paper, the numerical simulation based on the construction of the point bar is carried out on the basis of the modeling of the point bar. Through dynamic data generating simulated well history and acquiring X-unit splitting factor, carry out history matching on this basic. The results of numerical simulations reveal that oil saturation has belt distribution characteristics on the pane is influenced by the lateral accretion interlayer on oil-water flooding, by lateral accretion interlayer updip pinchout control, the remaining oil is mainly located in the middle and upper part of the lateral accretion. In view of the above characteristics,using horizontal wells to develop the remaining oil on the top of point bar has good results, and it has been confirmed by the further results of the numerical simulation.

 

Keywords: oil saturation; point bar; numerical simulation;remaining oil distribution

[1] Miall A D. Architecture element analysis: A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J]. Earth Science Review, 1985, 22(4): 261-308.

[2] Miall A D. Reservoir heterogeneities in fluvial sandstone: Lessons from outcrop studies[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1988, 72(6): 682-697.

[3] Miall A D. Reconstructing the architecture and sequence stratigraphy Vol. 41 No.5 of the preserved fluvial record as a tool for reservoir development: A reality check[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(7): 989-1002.

[4] Labourdette R, Jones R R. Characterization of fluvial architectural elements using a three-dimensional outcrop data set: Escanilla braided system, South-Central Pyrenees, Spain[J]. Geosphere, 2007, 3(6): 422-434.

[5] Best J L, Ashworth P J, Bristow C S, et al. Three-dimensional sedimentary architecture of a large, mid-channel sand braid bar, Jamuna River, Bangladesh[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2003, 73(4): 516-530.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The identification of unconformity and the reconstruction of ancient landform in Hailar Basin
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Shunyu Liu ||, Rong Zhao
Page No.	::	22-28

Hailar Basin is a haft-graben fault basin which suffered multi-stage tectonic transform, are formed by multiple mono-basins which superimposed and compound in multi-direction and has complex structures. Stratigraphic unconformity is as the famous hydrocarbon migration pathways system in Hailar Basin.Its identification, restoration and reconstruction of ancient landform have very important significance. By means of composite analysis of the information of seismic, well logging and geology we identified the characteristics of denudation areas of layers in Hailar Basin. On this basis utilizing restoring method of layers restored denudation thickness in plan, using Vue 5 Esprit restored three-dimensional diagramins of the ancient landform of every depression in the basin in each geologic history period and then analyzed the ancient landform and the paleoenvironment.

Keywords: Hailar Basin, the identification of unconformity, the reconstruction of ancient landform, neural network regression algorithm, restoring method of layers

[1] Li Wenxue, Li Jianmin, Xie Chaoyang. Hydrocarbon exploration and development in complex fault depression in [M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.

[2] Wang Pengyan, Sun Peng. Control action of migration agent of hydrocarbon and the conduction system for the distribution of Hailar basin [J].Chinses Journal of Geology, 2011, 46(4):1-10

[3] Hubbert M K. Entrapment of Petroleum under Hydrodynamic Conditions [J]. AAPG Bull. 1953, 37(8):1954-2026

[4] England W A, Mackenzie A S, Mann D M, et al. The Movement and Entrapment of Petroleum Fluids in the Subsurface [J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 1987, 144:327- 347

[5] Dahlberg E C. Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration, Springer –Verlag[M]. New York: Hedberg, Berlin, 1982

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Experimental Assessments of Friction Plate for KTX Bridge Bearings
Country	::	Korea
Authors	::	Soon-Taek Oha ||, Dong Jun Leea ||, Shin Hyo Jeonga ||, Sung Min Jun
Page No.	::	29-33

KTX train, which is currently operating as a running speed of 300 km/h in Korea will be accelerated to 450 ~ 500 km/h in the future. Various studies of the structural dynamic behaviors of the bridges for the increasing speed is being conducted. The dynamic responses of traffic load at support of bridge are increasing rapidly for the speed analyzed by an improved 38-degree of freedom model. In PSC box bridges for KTX, the supports of bridges have constructed by the spherical bearings in order to resist the seismic loadings. In this study, a long-term friction test of the spherical bearing is carried out for total sliding distance up to 25,000m by 12 phases of 2 types repeatedly: type A for traffic and type B for temperature simulation according to EN 1337-2 and CUAP03.01/78. Friction coefficients for serviceability and total sliding distance for durability are compared between PTFE and DP-Mate. This provides the improved long-term test method and an evaluation standard for new generation of KTX. Keywords: spherical bearing, friction test, friction plate, friction coefficient, total sliding distance, durability

[1]. Eggert. H. & Kauschke. W. (2002) Structural Bearings, Ernst and Sohn Verlag fur Architektar und Technische Wissenschaften Gmbh, Berlin Germany.
[2]. Deutsche Norm (2004) DIN EN 1337-2 – Structural bearings Part 2: Sliding elements
[3]. EOTA (2011) CUAP 03.01/78 - Spherical bearings with special sliding material and lubricant suitable for high operating temperatures, Building Testing and Research Institute, Brussels Belgium
[4]. S. T. Oh, D. J. Lee, J. S. Yeon, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Jeong (2013) Dynamic Bearing Behavior Analysis of PSC Box Bridges for KTX, Proceeding of Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, YangYang SolBeach Hotel Gangwon-Do.
[5]. S. T. Oh, D. J. Lee, K. R. Park, S. H. Jeong (2014) Durability Evaluation of Pre-Stressed Concrete(PSC) Bridge Friction Bearing for High-Speed Railway, Proceeding of Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, Lotte City Hotel Jeju

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Combustion performance of triple flames issuing from elliptical Swirlers
Country	::	Egypt
Authors	::	Ahmed El-Said Azam ||, Mahmoud Mohammed Kamal ||, Hamdy Ahmed Abotaleb
Page No.	::	34-47

An experimental work has carried out to characterize the combustion performance in terms of flame length, temperatures and emissions for a triple flame structure of concentric fuel rich mixture surrounded by fuel lean mixture premixed flame combined with the cross flow stream. A set of elliptical double swirlers of different angles and aspect ratios were compared to a circular double Swirler was used to investigate the effect of swirling direction modes (co- versus counter swirl), the effects of swirl angles, and ellipticity. It was found, for counter and co-swirl, that counter swirler leads to higher enhancement of combustion process than co-swirler, due to higher levels of premixing, slight differences in the flame length were found. The counter swirl induces higher levels of turbulence than co-swirl with the consequent enhancement in the mixing of the mixtures and reducing the flame peak temperatures thus decreasing NOX , by 36%, and CO, by 29%, emissions comparison to that of the co-swirl. In addition, increasing the inner swirling angle shortens the flame length. Increasing the inner swirl favorably produces flames of higher average temperatures and lower emissions of CO and NOX emissions. In this scene, it was found that the elliptic swirl of (45oi, 30oo) produces higher flame temperatures and lower emissions concentrations of NOX , by 38%, and CO, by 10%, than that for the elliptic swirl of (30oi, 45oo). Furthermore, it was found that the elliptic swirl shows shorter flame length than circular swirler, while the elliptic swirl of AR=1.25 produces the shortest flame length relative to other Swirlers of different aspect ratios. The effect of the ellipticity was noticeable, since it was found that the elliptic swirl of AR=1.25 produces flame of higher temperatures and lower NOX emission than any other Swirlers of different aspect ratios. Increasing the aspect ratio leads to decrease the concentrations of CO emission. Finally, it was concluded that double circular swirl produces higher CO and NOX than double elliptic swirl.

[1]. Paschereit, C.O. and E.J. Gutmark, Enhanced stability and reduced emissions in an elliptic swirl-stabilized burner. AIAA journal, 2008. 46(5): p. 1063-1071.
[2]. Kashkousha, O., et al., Inverse diffusion and partially premixed flames with elliptical/swirling-and cross-flows. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2015. 229(1): p. 44-59.
[3]. Kashkousha, O., et al., Concentric elliptical jet diffusion flames with co-and cross-flows. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012. 41: p. 177-187.
[4]. Gutmark, E. and F. Grinstein, Flow control with noncircular jets 1. Annual review of fluid mechanics, 1999. 31(1): p. 239-272.
[5]. Schadow, K., et al., Combustion-related shear-flow dynamics in elliptic supersonic jets. AIAA journal, 1989. 27(10): p. 1347-1353.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Survey Paper on Applications of GIS in e-governance
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Rati Shukla ||, Punit Kumar Chaubey
Page No.	::	48-59

Here is drafted the essentials of e-governance, various application area of e-governance and a frame work of smart city defined as a city in which ICT is merged with outmoded infrastructures, harmonised and incorporated using new digital technologies.Seven goals are defined which concern: developing a new understanding of urbanproblems; nominal and practicable ways to coordinate urban technologies; methods and models for using urban data across temporal and spatial scales; developing new technologies for communication and propagation; developing new forms of urban governance and organization; defining critical problems relating to metropolises, transport, and energy; andrecognisingrisk, uncertainty, and hazards in the smart city. To this, six research challenges are added: to relate the infrastructure of smart citiesto their operational working and planning through managing, controlling and optimizing; to reconnoitre the notion of the city as a laboratory for invention; to provide portfolios of urban recreation which inform future designs; to develop technologies that ensure equity, impartiality and comprehend a better quality of city life; to develop technologies that ensureinformed contribution and create shared knowledge for democratic city governance; and to ensure greater and more effective mobility and admittance to opportunities for urban populations. The discussion begins by defining the state of the art, elucidating the science of smart cities. Six scenarios are presented based on new cities badging themselves as smart, ancient cities regenerating themselves as smart, the development of tech cities, science parks, and techno poles focused on high technologies, the development of urban facilities using contemporary ICT, the use of ICT to develop new urban intellect functions, and the development of online and mobile forms of participation.

[1] www.nic.in/projects.

[2] www.egovindia.org/egovportals.html

[3] http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/omb/inforeg/egovstrategy.pdf

[4] http://www.gocalne.org.uk/gobetween/Background.pdf

[5] W.H. Dutton, J.G. Blumler, K.L. Kraemer, Wired Cities: Shaping the Future of Communications (G.K. Hall, New York, 1987).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	An overview of the evaluation of oil-water layers with light hydrocarbon analysis
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Wei Bo ||, Liu ZhiPeng ||, Liu Yachao ||, An Xiaodong
Page No.	::	60-64

Light hydrocarbon analysis technology is an auxiliary evaluation technology developed in recent years. It is mainly used in the evaluation of oil, gas and water layer, the degree of water washing and the degree of water flooding in the later stage of oilfield development. In this paper, light hydrocarbon analysis technology is used to evaluate the oil and gas layer. Light hydrocarbon is an important part of the petroleum and natural gas, in crude oil content was highest in the group divided the most abundant, its generation, migration, accumulation and destruction is similar to oil but often has many unique characteristics, which contains abundant chemical information increasingly the attention of geologists and logging workers. In recent years, the relevant application research work has been continuously enriched and deepened and achieve remarkable results. In practical application, some feasible methods of oil and gas water layer interpretation have been formed, which has laid a good foundation for the development of light hydrocarbon geochemical logging work. Keywords： - light hydrocarbon technology; reservoir; evaluation; parameter;

[1] Wu Liyan. Geochemical logging [M] .Beijing: petroleum industry press, 2001.

[2] Li Yuhuan,Xia Liang. Light hydrocarbon analysis technology and its application [J]. Mud logging technology, 13:5～9.

[3] Ren Juling,Chen Junnan,Chen Yongsheng. A pplication of light hydrocarbon analysis in logging in Tuha Oilfield [J]. Petroleum and chemical equipment,2010,13:43~46

[4] Wang XinLing. Application of light hydrocarbon analysis technique in the evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs [J].Fault block oil and gas field, 2008,15: 30～33

[5] Jia Shiliang,Li Shengli,She Mingjun,Liu Guangrui. Research and application of light hydrocarbon analysis technology in oil and gas exploration[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, 2007,7 :77～83

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Discussion on the Irreducible Water Saturation and Ultra-Low Water Saturation
Country	::	China
Authors	::	Fengqi Wang
Page No.	::	65-68

Irreducible water saturation is one of the important parameters for distinguishing hydrocarbon gas reservoir and water layer. The influencing factors of irreducible water saturation of sandstone reservoir and the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement method of irreducible water saturation are summarized systematically; respectively from the formation reason of ultra-low water saturation, geological significance and reduce aqueous phase trapping damage methodsto introduce the ultra-low water saturation phenomenon. The results of the study show that semi permeable diaphragm method most commonly used and more accurate measuring; bound water saturation measurement method cannot determine tight reservoir ultra-low water saturation, ultra-low water saturation in the presence of severely reduced gas permeability, producing an aqueous phase trapping damage. Key words: irreducible water saturation; ultra-low water saturation; nuclear magnetic resonance; semi permeable separator

[1] Yang Cui，Yang Kuan，Liang Jie，et al．The measure of irreducible water saturation of low permeability reservoir and its influencing factors is analyzed[J]．Guangdong Chemical Industry，2015，42(17)：20-21．

[2] Li Yan．Discussion on the drive of forming reservoir、micropore of reservoir and irreducible water saturation[J]．Inner Mongulia Petrochemical Industry，2009，(2)：139-141．
[3] You Lijun，Xie Ting， Kang Yili．Damages of tight sandstone gas reservoirs with ultra⁃low water saturation[J]．Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，2012，33(6)：700-703+634．

[4] Zhan Xiweng．Determination of irreducible water saturation and its application in DaqingFuyang oil reservoir[D]．Northeast Petroleum University，2014．
[5] Hu Xuejun，Yang Shenglai，Jiang Liping，et al．Effect of temperature on irreducible water saturation of hydrophilic core[J]．Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2004，11(5)：46-48+84．