This paper deals with the failure analysis of air warmth exchanger. The herbal frequency and vibration mode of air heat exchanger are received based on a 3-dimensional finite detail version. A flow-caused vibration is analyzed on the premise of modal simulation outcomes. A thermal-structural interaction simulation for air warmth exchanger is executed by using the use of the multi-physical area coupling approach. The stress distribution and pressure distribution of air warmth exchanger are calculated by using the use of the results of temperature discipline simulation. A model based on equivalent plastic pressure range and cycle existence is used to explain fatigue life, and the equal plastic pressure range changed into acquired via the thermalstructural interplay simulation. The evaluation consequences display that the major reason of fatigue failure of air warmth exchange tube bundle is the thermal strain and glide-brought about vibration.

Keyword :Heat,Failure,Simulation,Tube,Vibration.

[1]. Xu, S. and Zhao, Y., "Using FEM to determine the thermo-mechanical stress in tube to tubesheet joint for the SCC failure analysis", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 34, (2013), 24–34.
[2]. Zhu, L.K., Qiao, L.J., Li, X.Y., Xu, B.Z., Pan, W., Wang. L. and Volinsky, A. A., "Analysis of the tube-sheet cracking in slurry oil steam generators", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 34, (2013), 379–386.
[3]. Mao, J., Tang, D., Bao, S., Luo, L. and Gao, Z., "High temperature strength and multiaxial fatigue life assessment of a tubesheet structure", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 68, (2016), 10–21.
[4]. Wei, X.L. and Ling, X., "Investigation of welded structures on mechanical properties of 304L welded tube-to-tubesheet joints", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 52, (2015), 90-96.
[5]. Guo, C., Han, C.J., Tang, Y.M., Zuo, Y. and Lin, S.Z., "Failure analysis of welded 0Cr13Al tube bundle in a heat exchanger", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol.18, (2011), 890–894.

In Shirodhara yantra for inducing deep the mental relaxation.this involves the technique of automating the shirodhara yantra that means device that perform desired operation.it will reduce the human effort and increase the performance of Shirodhara yantra. In this paper we are concentrating on the issue of the automated Shirodhara yantra by converting rotary motion obtained by motor into oscillating motion of desired mechanism. our literature focus on the area of application uniform rotary motion and deep relaxation technique. The objective of this project is to obtain the different stroke length and rotation of pipe through which the liquid will fall on the forehead effectively and speed control of oscillating motion.

Keywords: shirodhara, oscillation, stroke length, rpm, gear, bearing.

[1]. Blanding DL. Exact constraint machine design using kinematic principles.New York: ASME Press; 1999

[2]. Gurumukh S S ainani. A.P.I Text Book of Medicine, Neurology section,p.744,747.
[3]. B.D.Shiwalkar Design data for machine elements.
[4]. A practical handbook of panchakarma procedure by Dr. T.V. Menon
[5]. Recent advances in Instrumentations and techniques of Panchakarma therapy by Vaidya Vasant Patil.
[6]. T. A. Harris, "The effect of misalignment on the fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearing ", ASME, Vol.91, pp 294-300, Apr 1969.
[7]. V.K. Jadon, Suresh Verma Machine Design Data Book.

Over the last few years a new area of engineering science It has been called ''biometrics" to create a large market in the near future. The pioneers of this new domain intend to construct devices which would allows the identification of a person on the basis of their ''biological'' characteristics like voice, dynamics of movements, features of face recognition and other parts of the body, eye retina or iris pattern. Nature has been made the human beings with different kinds of characteristics which may vary from one person to another person. This is made of using Biometric technology to distinctly identifying each person. Biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system which recognizes a user by determining the authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic possessed............

Keywords: Biometrics, identity, characteristics, security, secret

[1]. Ms. Shraddha S. Giradkar, Dr.N.K.Choudhari, A survey paper on Various biometric security system methods, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume: 03, Issue: 02 | Feb 2016 (IRJET), e ISSN: 2395 0056
[2]. Esther Rani.D , Dr. J. John Raybin Jose, fingerprint based biometric authentication, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.5 Issue.9, September-2016, pg. 6-15, ISSN 2320 – 088X

[3]. Krishna Dharavath1, F. A. Talukdar2, R. H. Laskar3, Study on Biometric Authentication Systems, Challenges and Future Trends: A Review , IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2013.
[4]. Elena Pagnin and Aikaterini Mitrokotsa, Review Article Privacy-Preserving Biometric Authentication: Challenges and Directions,Published 19 October 2017
[5]. Abhilash Kumar Sharma, Ashish Raghuwanshi, Vijay Kumar Sharma, Biometric System- A Review, (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 6 (5) , 2015, 4616-4619, ISSN NO : 0975 - 9646

Light shafts are for quite some time decreased posts and single cylinder structures utilized in expressways. Wind load is the essential plan power on this structure. In this examination, a correlation of the quality of steel and FRP light post is made when wind loads follow up on it. This work makes it conceivable to expand the investigation of a light post by fluctuating shapes with two materials. Round and hexagonal shapes are considered here. Additionally, the variety of stress and distortion of the light shaft are checked when a stiffener is set. Stress and disfigurement results are thought about.

Keywords:solar energy, street light, pole, composite natural fibre, static analysis

[1]. AASHTO 2006 "Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals"
[2]. Connor 2005 "Field and Laboratory Studies on High-Mast Lighting Towers in Iowa" Robert J. Connor et al. Proc 2007 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium, Ames Iowa
[3]. Davenport 1961 "The spectrum of horizontal gustiness near the ground in high winds" Quarterly Journal, Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 87, London 1961 Fisher 1993 "Resistance of welded details under variable amplitude long-life fatigue loading" NCHRP Report 354
[4]. Fricke 2002 "Evaluation of hot spot stresses in complex welded structures" Fricke, W. Proc IIW Fatigue Seminar
[5]. Highways Agency 2007 "Design Manual for Roads and Bridges" Part BD94/07 – Design of Minor Structures

The interest of people towards plantation of sapling is increasing due to global warming, rise in global temperature and many such factors, so plantation is being done at a faster rate through many of the government organisation,N.G.O'S as well as people.The Solar Powered Soil Digging Machine which shows capability of drilling in soil and to improve sapling plantation techniques. Solar photovoltaic system use silicon cell get connected in series and parallel combination known as solar panel it convert sun-light into electricity. This machine uses the principle of auger drilling machine which is used in pile foundation during construction. The machine is made automatic by employing a D.C motor which serves as a power source for digging the soil.This machine is designed for a preliminary aim of avoiding the use of shovels & levers in plantation of saplings thereby enhancing the plantation process by making it facile. Engine is running on fossil fuel which emits carbon dioxide and other pollutants every second.In order to make the developmentof our farmeras well as nation in automation in there working field sustainable and cause less harm to our environment this system find vital place in present era.

Keywords: Plantation, Solar Powered, Solar Panel, Motor, Auger bit

[1]. Dr.S.M. Mowade, Design and Fabrication of Solar Operated Water Sprayer:Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research (IJTRS), [ICEMESM-18]
[2]. Dr. K. Prahlada rao "solar powered ground driller for agricultural purposed" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET-2019)
[3]. Prof. Manjunatha "Solar Powered Digging and Seed Sowing Machine"International Journal for Research in Applied Science& Engineering Technology (IJRASET-2017)
[4]. S.Swetha,"Solar operated automatic seed sewing machine" Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 67-71, Article ID Sci-223 (2015)
[5]. B.T Ersson, L. Jundén, U. Bergsten, M. Servin, "Simulated productivity of one- and two-armed tree planting machines", 2013,SilvaFennica vol. 47 no. 2 article id 958.

In food production process of potato mostly used machinery for high production rate and hygienity is the biggest task in production. In rural area specially in Maharashtra , the food made by potato is mostly used in daily rooting that's way small production forming industry will be formed .These small industry will having requirement of proper skills about it for increasing rate of cutting chips with minimum manual effort that times it was used sharp edges of cutter by the operator due to this production rate was not better and producing slice having thickness which has unequal . After some days automatic production machine used that time using produces more production in short time.......

Keywords-potato slice ,chopper, conveying system, chopper , potato ,cutting blade.

[1]. Kamlesh Pradhan, Amar Dandale , Akshay Dhenge , Prof. Ritesh Banpurkar, semi automatic chips machine,International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
[2]. Atul Anand Mishra, Jyoti Jain, R.N.Shukla, Parvinder Kaur and Vivekanand Design and Fabrication of Twisted Potato Crisps Maker IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume 7, Issue 2 (Nov. - Dec. 2013),
[3]. Vishal Wadagavi1, Arpita S A2, Bharat Kallihal3, Siddhalingeshwar B4, Sunil Dadanwale5,Mantesh C. Choukimath Automatic Potato Chips Making Machine International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
[4]. Roshan M. Hatwar Kunal. T Rahandale Mohan G. Trivedi Concept, Design and Development of Semi Automated Potato Slicing Machine IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 02, 2016.
[5]. AUNG KO LATT1, AUNTT MIN THAW ,Design and Construction of Potato Slicing Machine ,IRE Journals | Volume 3 Issue 1 ,JUL 2019.

A spur gear pair dynamic version for the gear dynamic contact loading, dynamic touch stress kingdom and dynamic contact strain state evaluation is supplied. A dynamic model of the tools set with degrees of freedom is used. The transmission is analyzed using the nonlinear finite elements method where a novel method for interpreting the consequences of the strain and pressure country the usage of strain and/or pressure tensor invariants is developed. For a more trendy approach, the software program for the finite element analysis of the tools set as a whole is evolved, the use of the open source finite factorsframework.

Keywords- stress and strain state, dynamic load, stress and strain state analysis, spur gears, deformation.

[1]. Putti Srinivasa Rao, NadipalliSriraj, and Mohammad Farookh, "Contact Stress Analysis of Spur Gear for Different Materials using ANSYS and Hertz Equation," International Journal of Modern Studies in Mechanical Engineering, vol.1, Issue 1, pp. 45-52, June. 2015.
[2]. Sushil Kumar Tiwari,Upendra Kumar Joshi," Stress Analysis of Mating Involute Spur Gear Teeth," International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol.1, Issue 9, pp. 1-12, Nov. 2013.
[3]. [3] D.V. Subbarao, Y. Dilip Kumar and T. Tirupati," Computational Analysis of Contact Stresses In Involute Spur Gears Using ANSYS," International Journal of Scientific Research And Educationa, vol.2, Issue 10, pp. 2049-2454, Oct. 2014.
[4]. Sarfraz Ali N. Quadri, Dhananjay R. Dolas," Contact Stress Analysis of Involute Spur gear under Static loading," International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology, vol.4, Issue 5, pp. 593-596, May. 2015.
[5]. Mohammad Jebran Khan, ArunishMangla, Sajad Hussain Din," Contact Stress Analysis of Stainless Steel Spur Gears using Finite Element Analysis and Comparison with Theoretical Results using Hertz Theory," International Journal of Engineering Research & Applications, vol.5, Issue 4, pp. 10-18, April. 2015.

People in India use backpack type sprayer for spraying pesticides which is carry on back of the person with 15 lit maximum capacities and one nozzle in one hand while other hand is used to pump the machine to create pressure. But pesticides can cause short-term adverse health effects, called acute effects, as well as chronic adverse effects that can occur months or years after exposure. . Examples of acute health effects include stinging eyes, rashes, blisters, blindness, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea and death. Examples of known chronic effects are cancers, birth defects, reproductive harm, neurological and developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, and disruption of the endocrine system. For example, infants and young children are known to be more susceptible than adults to the toxic effects of pesticides. Farm workers and pesticide applicators are also more vulnerable because they receive greater exposures...........

Keywords- Solar Power, Robot, Spaying Machine, Pesticides, Eco-Friendly, DC motor, Nozzle, Battery, Remote control, Low cost.

[1]. https://www.pesticidereform.org › pesticides-human-health
[2]. A Review On Solar Operated Multipurpose Agriculture Robot Sachin Bharat Jagtap , Saurabh Mohan Bhosale2, Vishal Atul Deshmukh, Navin Madhukar Deshpande, Prof. Adhapure. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
[3]. A research paper on "Review of Solar Powered Pesticide Sprayer" by Sarvesh Kulkarni, Karan Hasurkar, Ramdas Kumbhar, Amol Gonde, Raut A.S.
[4]. A research paper on "Fabrication of Portable Foot Operated Agricultural Fertilizers and Pesticides Spraying Pump" by S R Kulkarni, R V Nyamagoud, Hareesh Naik, Mohan Futane
[5]. A research paper on "Design, development and fabrication of agricultural pesticides sprayer with weeder" by Laukik P. Raut, Smit B. Jaiswal, Nitin Y. Mohite

The layout of a centrifugal impeller needs to yield blades that are aerodynamically efficient, smooth to fabricate, and mechanically sound. The blade layout method defined here satisfies the primary two criteria and with a really appropriate choice of sure variables can even satisfy stress considerations. The blade shape is generated with the aid of specifying surface pace distributions and includes straight-line elements that join points at hub and shroud. The technique can be used to layout radially elemented and backward-swept blades. The history, a brief account of the idea, and a sample design are described in this paper. We may be going to use the MATLAB software for Pump designing

Keywords: Centrifugal, Pump, Impeller, Blades

[1]. T.C. Mohana Klumar and Y.V.N. Rao, Quasi twodimensional analysis of flow through a centrifugal pump impeller. ASME J. Fluid Eng. 99 (1977) 687–692.
[2]. T. Ogawa and S. Murata, On the flow in the centrifugal impeller with arbitrary aerofoil blades (II report: The effect of change of impeller width). Bull JSME. 17 (1974) 723–730.
[3]. C.H. Wu, A general theory of three-dimensional flow in a subsonic and supersonic turbo machines of axial, radial and mixed flow types. Trans ASME. 74 (1952) 1363–1380
[4]. D. Japikse, Review progressinnumericalturbomachinery analysis. ASME J. FluidEng.98 (1976) 592– 606.
[5]. D. Adler, Status of centrifugal impeller internal aerodynamics (Part 1. Inviscid flow prediction methods). ASME J. Eng power. 102 (1980) 728–737.

An green and widespread technique to compute the inverse kinematics of common serial manipulator palms up to DoF is shown in this. The major focus lies on using simplest crucial layout dimensions supplied in maximum production records sheets as opposed to tediously deriving the parameter set. The most effective descrip6on of manipulators with an ortho- parallel founda6on with offsets and a round wrist may be accomplished through 7 geometrical parameters. We show the way to compute all feasible joint angles analytically from a given endeffector pose. A fast and standard set of rules has been installed based totally on this slender parameter set.

Keywords: serial manipulator, dimensions, endeffector

[1]. V. E. Gough, "Automobile stability, control, and tyre performance," Proc. Automobile Division, Inst. Mech. E., vol. 171, pp.392-394, 1956.
[2]. D. Stewart, "A platform with six degree of freedom," Proc Inst. Mech. Engers (Part I), vol. 180(15), pp. 371-386, 1965.
[3]. K. H. Hunt, "Structural kinematics of in-parallel- actuated robot-arms," ASME J, MeCH , Transm., Autom Des., vol. 105, pp. 705-712, 1983.
[4]. J. S. Dai, and X. L. Ding, "Compliance analysis of a three-legged rigidly-connected platform device," ASME: Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 128(4), pp. 755-764, 2006.
[5]. V. Kumar, "Characterization of workspaces of parallel manipulators," ASME J. Mech. Des., vol. 114, pp. 368-375, 1992.

The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of energy crisis which is considerably a serious issue in this era. It is becoming essential to increase the use of renewable energy sources namely solar energy as compared to conventional sources of energy generation. Extraction of maximum energy from solar energy is hardly achieved due to effect of various factors acting on the solar PV modules. To overcome this issue, we have designed a system which not only track sun but also clean module automatically. Dual axis sun tracking helps in extracting maximum solar radiations from the sun. Whereas, using automated cleaning improves the reduced efficiency of solar PV modules due to accumulation of dust over the solar PV modules

Keywords: Dual axis solar tracker, Solar cleaning system, Solar energy, Solar PV modules

[1]. Dante Johnson Hoyte, Melanie Li Sing How, Dante Rossi, Myo Thaw , Worcester Polytechnic Institute. "Dual axis Sun tracker : Functional Model Realization and Full- Scale Simulations"(2013).
[2]. Prinsloo, G.J., Dobson, R.T (2015). "Solar Tracking". Stellenbosch : Solarbooks. ISBN 978-0-620-61576-1.2015.pl-542.
[3]. Akshay Jadhav, Abhijeet Godse, Vijaykumar Bhosale, Sanjay Bhavar, Prof. A.S. Jaibhai, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Bhivarabai Sawant College Of Engineering And Research, Narhe, Pune, India. "Implementation of Automatic Solar Tracking and Cleaning System" 2018 IERJ, Volume 2 Issue 12 Page 4389-4392, 2018 ISSN 23951621.
[4]. Ravi Tejwani, Chetan S Solanki, Dept. of Energy Science And Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. "3600 Sun Tracking With Automated Cleaning System For Solar PV Modules", 978-1-4244-5892-9/10/©2010 IEEE.
[5]. Hend Abd El-monem Salama and Adel Taha Mohamed Taha, Dept. Electric Power Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt. "Practical Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Power Tracking System", 978-15786-6654-8/18/©2018 IEEE.

The objective is to use the excess energy of generator and using it in super capacitor which is further used to enhance the battery life of the vehicle. Supercapacitor are energy storage device that exhibit such unique feature as high capacitance, high power density, and a long life cycle. Supercapacitor are used for energy storage undergoing frequent charge and discharge cycle at a high current and short duration. Supercapacitor are good partners for lithium-ion batteries and other high-density storage technology, supercapacitors are future of electrical vehicle market and will replace batteries in the long term

Keywords: Supercapacitors, batteries, capacitors, electrodes, voltage, power supplies, electric dynamo motor

[1]. Bopche, L. M., Deosant, A. A., & Ahmad, M. " Combination of parallel connected super capacitor& battery for enhancing battery life". 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques, vol 12 pp 73-78,Mar 1997.
[2]. Sarang R. Soni, Chetan D. Upadhyay, HinaChandwani,(2015). Analysis of battery supercapacitor based strorage for electrical vehicle. 2015 (IEEE)
[3]. Mishra, R., &Saxena, R. (2017). Comprehensive review of control schemes for battery and super-capacitor energy storage system. 2017 7th International Conference on Power systems (ICPS).
[4]. Abedi, M. R., & Lee, K. Y. (2013). Dynamic model analysis and control of a grid connected wind energy system integrated with a super-capacitor bank.2013 IEEE Power& Energy Society General Meeting.doi:10.1109/pesmg.2013

Xanthones are tricyclic dibenzopyrans with various physicochemical and pharmacological properties. As the xanthones obtained from extraction of natural products are relatively limited in the type and substituent's position, synthesis of xanthones derivatives become increasingly important. The present study deals with synthesis of different hydroxyl xanthones (1,6 dihydroxy xanthone, 1,3,8 trihydroxy xanthone, 1-hydroxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-xanthen-9- one, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)xanthen-9-one and 1-hydroxy xanthione by condensation of substituted benzoic acid and polyhydric phenols like phloroglucinol in the presence of Eaton's reagent as a condensing agent. Substituted xanthone possess a wide range of biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities............

Keywords: Xanthones, Antioxidant, DPPH.

[1]. Roberts J C,; Chem. Rev. 61, 591-605, 1961.
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Ultrasonic velocity measurement have been successfully employed to detect and assess weak and strong molecule interactions present in solution When ultrasonic waves are present in the solution, the molecules get perturbed. Due to some elasticity of the medium, perturbed molecules regain their equilibrium positions. When a solute is added to a solvent, its molecules attract certain solvent molecules towards them. Experimental measurements of ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been carried out on aqueous solution of Pantoprazole at different concentrations at 303.18 K temperature and 2 MHz frequency. Acoustical parameters such as free volume (Vf), Cohesive energy and Specific acoustical impedance (Z) for aqueous solution of Pantoprazole solution were calculated from ultrasonic velocity and effect of concentration on molecular interaction was predicted.

Keywords: Cohesive, energy, Molecular, Pantoprazole, acoustic

[1]. Palaniappan L. and Karthikeyan V., Indian J. Phys., 2005, 79(2), 155.
[2]. Nithiyanantham S. and Palaniappan L., Acta Ciencia Indica, 2005, 36(4), 533-538.
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[5]. V.Hariharakrishnan* R.Ramasamy*S.SekarInternational Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5(3),2015

Assorted nitrogen/phosphorous fertilizer, pesticide and nutrient usage is intensified for crop developments in agricultures in past few decades. Unused nitrate get percolated from sandy/textured soil during rains. Nitrate poisoning imparts methemo-globinemia/blue-baby syndrome besides eutrophication as detrimental to human and ecosystem both. Nitrate contamination is mitigated by water de-nitrification being achieved via various treatments viz; ion exchange resins, reverse osmosis and distillation. Ion exchange operates at household level, softener filters calcium/magnesium laden water passed through resins which exchanges chloride for nitrate. Regeneration of resin is costly issue, so ion exchange is not preferred. Reverse osmosis RO is helpful, but own some disadvantages...........

Keywords: Nitrate, Chitosan, fertilizer, graphite, bio-composite, de-nitrification, water

[1]. Bertrand Hirel, Thierry Tétu, Peter J. Lea, Frédéric Dubois. Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainability 2011, Vol. (3) pp. 1452-1485; doi:10.3390/su3091452.
[2]. Md. Wasim Aktar, Dwaipayan Sengupta, Ashim Chowdhury. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards, Interdiscip Toxicol. 2009 Mar; 2(1): 1–12.Published online 2009 Mar. doi: 10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7.
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Over the years efforts have been made to design eco-friendly specialty chemicals from natural renewable resources. Among different renewable resources like vegetable oils obtained from various seeds spotted largely due to their unique properties, functionalities and worldwide abundant availability. Vegetable oils constitute the single, largest, easily available, low cost, non-toxic, non-depletable, biodegradable family yielding materials that are capable of competing with fossil fuel derived petro-based products. The outstanding feature of vegetable oils is their unique chemical structure with unsaturation sites, epoxies, hydroxyls, esters and other functional groups along with inherent fluidity characteristics............

Keywords: Vegetable oils, Eco-friendly, Coatings, Renewable resources.

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