The main objective of this work to improve the engine performance of gasoline - Methanol blends in a variable compression ratio engine by using optimized engine parameters. In the present work, variable compression ratio spark ignition engine was designed to run with pure gasoline, and gasoline blended with 20% methanol (M20) by volume. Experiments are conducted at different ignition timings 250, 260,270,280, and 290 bTDC for conventional engine and for a copper coated piston and cylinder head of the engine. From the comparative evaluation the experimental results for the different ignition timing, it is revealed that there is an influence of the copper coated engine and methanol blend (M20). Optimization is carried out for efficiency and emission using response surface methodology with NSGA II as optimization tool and Non Parametric Regression for response surface generation.............

Keywords: Gasoline, Methanol, ignition timing, Response surface methodology, NSGA-II

[1]. Ugur Kesign, Genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks for engine optimisation efficiency and NOX emission. Fuel 83 (2004) 885-895.
[2]. Agrawal AK, Rajamanoharan K Experimental investigations of performance and emissions of karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural diesel engine. Appl Energy 86(1) (2009) 106–112.

[3]. Ge, H., Shi, Y., Reitz, R., Wickman, D. et al., "Heavy-Duty Diesel Combustion Optimization Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and Multi-Dimensional Modeling," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0716, 2009.
[4]. K.Sivaramakrishnan P.Ravikumar "Optimization of operational parameters on performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel" Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2014) 11:949–958.

[5]. Maheswari N, Balaji C, Ramesh A (2011) "A non linear regression based multi objective optimization of parameters based on experimental data from an IC engine fuelled with biodiesel blends." Biomass Bioenergy 35(2):2171-2183.

Non formal education is seen to be any organized systematic educational activity conducted outside the framework of the official educational system in a given setting, to provide selected types of learning to a particular sub group in the society. In Zimbabwe formal schools are therefore used for this purpose. Such facilities have close resemblance to formal schools in that they aim at transmitting the formalised curriculum that finally lead to formal school examination. However, they differ in school practices, management, financing, and staffing conditions. This kind of educationis provided to youth and adults in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing implementation of non- formal education in non-formal schools in Rushinga district of Zimbabwe.The study used the mixed methodology and the descriptive survey design. The target population for the study included 20 non formal schools in Rushinga district..............

Keywords: Factors, Implementation, Non formal education, professional qualifications, teaching and learning resources, infrastructure

[1]. Borg, W. R. & Gall, M.D. (2007). Educational research: An introduction. 7thEdition. New York: Longman.
[2]. Deveon, E. J. (2008). Administrative support and coordination: Youth Offending Service. North Devon: Teignbridge.
[3]. Education Act 1987 Government of Zimbabwe Printers
[4]. Harma J. (2008). Can Choice in Primary School Promote Education for all. Evidence from Primary School Growth in Rural Uttah Pradesh, India.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling (statistics). 2012, Retrieved on 19th September, 2012 at 10.30a.m
[5]. Kathuri, N. J. & Pals, D.A (2005).Introduction to educational research. Education Sector

The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined as a system with interconnected physical objects having ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. It is estimated that IoT will consist 30 billion objects by 2020. In IoT, either billions of smart sensors and devices interacts with one another to collect or supply data without human intervention follows Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Methodologies and approaches are needed to process these data intelligently in order to provide information and control of events and objects to humans in remote physical environments. Machine learning approaches are best suited where ample amount of data are available, but very less is known about the process...............

Keywords: Supervised Machine Learning, IoT data, Sensor data analytics.

[1]. Brown, Eric (13 September 2016), "Who Needs the Internet of Things?", Linux.com, Retrieved 23 October 2016.

[2]. Brown, Eric (20 September 2016), "21 Open Source Projects for IoT", Linux.com, Retrieved 23 October 2016

[3]. Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative. ITU, Retrieved 26 June 2015.

[4]. J. Antonio et al., "Drugs interaction checker based on IoT," Internet of Things (IOT), IEEE, Pages. 1-8, 2010.

[5]. Clifton DA, Gibbons J, Davies J, Tarassenko L., "Machine learning and software engineering in health informatics", Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE); Zurich, Switzerland, Pages. 37-41, 2012

Nowadays, the usage of internet world have been increasing as huge amount day by day. There are increasing in online way of analyzing the products and services through the feedback and the reviews collected from the users who used the products and availed the services. Analyzing the reviews is more important however obtaining the reviews is mandatory to take provisions. Here the most of the opinion analysis has been done over the reviews in the product or service platform itself. However the reviews collected and analyzed as much as well, the platform chosen makes diplomatic when it deals with valuable.............

Keywords: Opinion Mining, Sentiment Analysis, Cyber-bulling Messages, Rumor Detection, Natural Language Processing

[1]. Zhen Hai, Gao Cong, Kuiyu Chang, Peng Cheng and Chunyan Miao, "Analyzing Sentiments in One Go: A Supervised Joint topic Modeling Approach", IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.29, No.6, June 2017, pp.1172-1185.
[2]. Nihar Ranjan, Kausal Mundada, Kunal Phaltane and Saim Ahmad, "A survey on Techniques in NLP", Intl. Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.134, No.8, January 2016.
[3]. Hetl Bhavasar and Amit Ganatra, "Variations of Support Vector Machine Classification Technique:A Survey", Int. journal of Advanced Computer Research, Vol.2, No.4, December 2012.
[4]. Rui Zhao and Kezhi Mao, "Cyberbullying Detection based on Semantic-Enhanced Marginalized Denoising Auto-Encoder", IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol.8, no.3, September 2017, pp.328-339.
[5]. Suchita Jain, Vanya Sharma and Rishabh Kaushal, "Towards Automated Real-Time Detection of Misinformation on Twitter", Intl Conf. on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics, Jaipur, India, November 2016.

In the communication system, channel introduces noise and interference, which leads in distortion of transmitted signal due to which bit error may exists. To avoid this problem we proposed a Convolution encoder in the channel encoder and Viterbi decoder in the channel decoder which has error correcting capability. This paper deals with the implementation of Convolution Encoder with 2 bit code rate so it generates two bits for each bit of input data. Modified Viterbi decoder is designed to decode this encoded data without error because it has main advantage that it has the capability to detect errors and correct them effectively..............

Keywords: Convolution encoder, Viterbi Decoder, Path metric, Trellis diagram.

[1]. A J. Viterbi, "Error Bounds for Convolutional Codesand an Asymptotically Optimum Decoding Algorithm,"IEEE Trans. lnform. Theory, vol. IT-13, pp. 260-269,Apr. 1967.
[2]. A.J.Vietrbi, ―Convoluitonal codes and their performance in communication systems,‖IEEETrans.Commun.Technol.,volCOM-19, no.5, pp 835-848, Oct 1971.
[3]. H.S.Suresh and B.V.Ramesh ,‖FPGA implementation of Viterbi Decoder ,‖proceddings of the 6th WESAS Int.Conf.on Electronics hardware and Optical Communication ,Corfu Island Greece,Feb.16=19,2007.
[4]. Anuradha Kulkarni, D.S.Mantri, S.S.Wagh,‖ SOPC Based Convolutional Encoding and Viterbi Decoding,‖ ISSN: 2231-5381.
[5]. Prof.SiddeeqY. Ameen, Ahmed S.Alenezi, ‖FPGA Implementation of modified architecture for Adaptive Viterbi Decoder,‖SIECPC,24-26 April, 2011.

Lean Manufacturing is also Known as Toyota Production System and it consist of plethora various tools and technique which are applied to eliminate various non-value asses activities from the production and operational processes. Value added activity according to lean manufacturing are those for which the end customer is willing to pay and non-value added activities are those which are not appreciated by end customers. Through this study an attempt has been made to identify various tools and techniques of lean manufacturing from the published literature. Further identified tools and techniques of lean are prioritized using fuzzy and technique order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS).This study will be very helpful for the managers and executives working on lean implementation. This study provides them an insight about which tool and technique of lean manufacturing is important.

Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, Value added activity, Non-value added activity and Fuzzy TOPSIS.

[1]. Garza-Reyes, J.A., Kumar, V., Chaikittisilp, S., Tan, K.H., 2018," The effect of lean methods and tools on the environmental performance of manufacturing organizations", International Journal of Production Economics.
[2]. Shah, M.K, Deshpande, V.A, Patil, R.M., 2015,"A Review on Lean Tools & Techniques: Continuous Improvement in Industry", E-ISSN (2320 –5539), Vol.3, No.4
[3]. Padhi S.S, Patil R.K, Rajeev A., 2018," Framework for selecting sustainable supply chain processes and industries using an integrated approach", Journal of Cleaner Production.
[4]. Singh, S, Ramakrishna, S Gupta, M.K., 2017,"Towards zero waste manufacturing: A Multidisciplinary Review", Journal of Cleaner Production.
[5]. Garre, P., Bharadwaj, N.V.V.S., Shashank ,P.S., Harish, M., Dheeraj, M.S., 2017, "Applying lean in aerospace manufacturing Industry", Materials Today, Proceedings

Soybean has been recognized as so versatile that can be processed into a wide variety of food products the soybean can be dried and wet processed. Soybean is also a valuable source of edible oil and excellent source of protein useful for both human and animal feeding. Protein is very important and is required for growth, repair of muscles and nutritional balance. The intake of soybean that is gaining acceptability both by the rural and urban dwellers calls for development of de-hulling machine to reduce the drudgery that involved in traditional method of de-hulling the beans. The de-hulling of soybean machine was based on abrasion between the beans and the wall of the de-hulling chamber and between the beans...............

Keywords: ..............

[1]. Toda, T., Sakamoto, A., Takayanagi, T., &Yokotsuka, K. (2000).Changes in isoflavone compositions of soybean during soaking process. Food Science and Technology Research, 6, 314-319.
[2]. Smith, A.K. and Circle, S.J. 2014. Soybeans: Chemistry and Technology, vol. 1. The AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, CT.
[3]. Ciabotti, S. (2007). Characteristicas de soja comum processada e de lipoxigenase (Characteristics of common bean and processing of lipoxigenase). Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos 27(3): 643-648
[4]. Pan, Z. and Tangratanavalee, W. (2003).Characteristics of soybeans as affected by soaking conditions.Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologies 36 (1): 143-151.
[5]. DeMan, J. M., Banigo, E. O. I., Rasper, V., Gade, H. and Slinger, S. J. (1973). Dehulling of sorghum and millet with the Palyi compact milling system. Journal of Canadian Institute Food Science and Technology 6: 188 – 193.

This paper reviews the use of Huffman coding to reduce the high PAPR which is one of the deleterious problems of OFDM system. It is elucidated that the use of encoding eliminates the probability of repeating the same symbol and thus prevents the coherent addition of the multicarrier signals that cause the undesired very high peak. Huffman coding employs the saving in the total bit rate by sending the encoding table for accurate decoding at the receiver without reducing the operative throughput.

Keywords: PAPR, OFDM,QAM,OFDM,IFFD.

[1]. Nee, R. V. anwdd R. Prasad, "OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, Artech House Publishers, Norwood", MA ,January 2000
[2]. Liu, P., "A new peak to average power ratio reduction schemes for OFDM system," Master dissertation, 2004
[3]. Min, K.-S., M.-S. Kim, C.-K. Park, and M. D. Vu, "Design for PCS antenna based on Wi Bro-MIMO," Progress In Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol 83, 2008
[4]. Simon Litsyn, "Peak Power Control in Multicarrier Communications", Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007
[5]. Ashraf A. Eltholth, Adel R. Mikhail, "Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems using Huffman Coding", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:2, No:7, 2008

The growth of steel industry and increase of waste products are the major issues faced by humans. Large amount of carbon dioxide released in the environment during cement production which results in global warming. There is a need of alter the cement by some natural materials which having pozzolanic properties. Calcium Bentonite powder is a naturally available impure clay having pozzolanic properties able to replace cement partially. The technological trend towards waste utilization and cost reduction in industrial processing has attracted use of steel slag as an alternative material for aggregate in concrete. This work is a study of physical properties and strength behaviour of concrete by partially replacing cement with Calcium Bentonite powder and fine aggregate with steel slag..............

Keywords: ................

[1]. Shana, M., Opdyke, and Jeffrey, C.,"Slag-Cement-Bentonite Slurry Walls", ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 6, June 2005.
[2]. Juan Lizarazo-Marriaga, Peter Claisse, and EshmaielGanjian,"Effect of Steel Slag and Portland Cement in the Rate of Hydration and Strength of Blast Furnace Slag Pastes", ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol.23, Issue 2, February 2011.
[3]. AbdElmoaty, M.,"Self-healing of polymer modified concrete", Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol.50,July 2011, pp.171–178.
[4]. Netinger, JelcicRukavina, Bjegovic, D., and Mladenovic, A.,"Concrete containing Steel Slag Aggregate: Performance after High Temperature Exposure", Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting IIIISBN, Vol.9, 2012.

Sin the optimal location, appropriate DG unit sizes needs to position in order to present maximum economical environmental, as well as for the technical advantages. Due to the potential solution for some problems such as scarcity of transmission capacities and maximizing the consumption of power, the DG sources have received good attention. The optimal sizing and positioning of DG are essential to enhance the stability and reliability. In spite of presenting several studies on research for the appropriate positioning of DG, the methodical principle for this problems are still an uncertain issue. In fact, the main issue is the complexity of this procedure. In this paper, several research works in the field of best positioning and sizing of FACTS is examined. Here, classification of several approaches is also discussed, which is exploited to resolve the issue of best location as well as sizing, is explained with the various kinds of objectives utilized. The several constraints considered in this research work are losses of power, improvement of stability of voltage and deviation of voltage, reduction of optimal installation cost, minimization of cost of energy, improvement of bus voltage, etc.

Keywords: Optimal Location; Sizing; FACTS; Metaheuristic; Powerless; Voltage Deviation

[1]. Hasan Doagou-Mojarrad, G. B. Gharehpetian, H. Rastegar, Javad Olamaei, "Optimal placement and sizing of DG (distributed generation) units in distribution networks by novel hybrid evolutionary algorithm" Energy, vol. 54, pp. 129-138, 1 June 2013.
[2]. Bahram Poornazaryan, Peyman Karimyan, G. B. Gharehpetian, Mehrdad Abedi,"Optimal allocation and sizing of DG units considering voltage stability, losses and load variations", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.79, pp.42-52, July 2016.
[3]. A. Rezaee Jordehi,"Brainstorm optimisation algorithm (BSOA): An efficient algorithm for finding optimal location and setting of FACTS devices in electric power systems",International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 69, pp.48-57, July 2015.
[4]. ThanhLong Duong, Yao JianGang, VietAnh Truong, "Application of min cut algorithm for optimal location of FACTS devices considering system loadability and cost of installation", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 63, pp. 979-987, December 2014.
[5]. Satish Kansal, Vishal Kumar, Barjeev Tyagi,"Hybrid approach for optimal placement of multiple DGs of multiple types in distribution networks",International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 75, pp. 226-235, February 2016.

LFC plays its significant role to keep expanded multi-source power generation systems in synchronism through adapting the real-time power outputs. In fact, the basic concept is to identify the frequency alterations or alterations from the power grid and also the adjustment of output of some distinct generator sets. This research work reviews 18 papers under LFC by considering certain parameters like methodology, performance measure, and best performance measure.

Keywords: Power System; LFC; Generating unit; Renewable resource;

[1]. G. Rinaldi, M. Cucuzzella and A. Ferrara, "Third Order Sliding Mode Observer-Based Approach for Distributed Optimal Load Frequency Control," in IEEE Control Systems Letters, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 215-220, Oct. 2017.
[2]. M. Martínez, M. G. Molina and P. E. Mercado, "Optimal sizing method of vanadium redox flow battery to provide load frequency control in power systems with intermittent renewable generation," in IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 14, pp. 1804-1811, 12 13 2017.
[3]. D. Guha, P. K. Roy and S. Banerjee, "Multi-verse optimisation: a novel method for solution of load frequency control problem in power system," in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 14, pp. 3601-3611, 9 28 2017.
[4]. M. H. Khooban, T. Niknam, M. Shasadeghi, T. Dragicevic and F. Blaabjerg, "Load Frequency Control in Microgrids Based on a Stochastic Noninteger Controller," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 853-861, April 2018.
[5]. M. H. Khooban, T. Dragicevic, F. Blaabjerg and M. Delimar, "Shipboard Microgrids: A Novel Approach to Load Frequency Control," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 843-852, April 2018