An investigation on removal of Pb2+from waste water by use of powders of non conventional absorbents like Neem leaves (NLP), peepal leaves (PLP) and Amla leaves (ALP) at different adsorbent/metal ion ratios, pH, contact time, metal ion concentration was investigated by using batch method. During the investigation it was observed that maximum amount of lead adsorption occurs at pH: 6.0., temperature 30˚C ± 2˚C The equilibrium of lead adsorption was attained in about 60 min. The adsorption depends upon the availability of number of active sites. De-sorption probably took place at around 40˚C ± 2˚C and at higher temperature values. Powders of Neem leaves were found to be most effective adsorbents followed by the powders of Amla leaves and Peepal leaves..............

Keywords: Adsorption; low cost adsorbent; Arsenic concentration; Water treatment.

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[2]. Asandei, D., Bulgariu, L., Bobu, E.; Lead removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto chitosan.; Cellulose Chem. Technol.; 2009, Vol. 43(4-6), pp 211-216..
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[5]. Bhattacharyya, Krishna, G., Sharma Arunima.; Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf powder.; Journal of Hazardous Materials; 2004, Volume 113(1–3), Pages 97–109.

The paper develops a Variable Structure Controller (VSC) to reduce the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage of the micro grid inverter fed from a solar source. It involves the use of a Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) structure to form the basic inverter module and ensure that the control mechanism regulates the output voltage across a range of operating loads. The theory of VSC arbitrates to imbibe a structural modification to the inverter in an effort to resurrect the trajectory along the load line and accomplish a compliance of delivery of power to the load. The philosophy orients to arrive at a reference for generating the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) pulses for the switches in order that it serves to increase the fundamental component and lower the higher frequency components of the output voltage. The MATLAB based simulation results improved the ability of the controller to reject servo and regulatory disturbances and offer a better performance over that of the benchmark PI controller. The results obtained from a prototype validate the simulated response and espouse a new dimension to the use of such inverters in the field of renewable energy.

Keywords: Micro grid, SEPIC, VSC, THD.

[1]. G. R .Walker and P. C .Sernia, Cascaded DC-DC converter connection of photovoltaic module, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol.19,no.4, pp.1130-1139, July 2004.
[2]. A .Fatemi, M. Azizi, K. Rahmani, M. Mohamadian, A.Yazdian, A novel reduced switch count multilevel AC/AC converter, 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering,vol.1,pp.17-19,May 2011.
[3]. S .B.Kjaer, J .K. Pedersen and F.Blaabjjer, A review of single phase grid connected inverters for photovoltaic modules, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,vol.41,no.5,pp.1292-1306, 2005.
[4]. Z.Yang and P.C Sen, A novel switch-mode DC to AC inverter with non-linear robust control ,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol.45, pp.602-608, Aug 1998.
[5]. H. Zhang, A.Von Jouanne, S. Dai , A Reduced-Switch Dual-Bridge Inverter Topology for the Mitigation of Bearing Currents, EMI, and DC Link Voltage Variations,IEEE Transactions Industry Applications,vol.37,no. 5, pp. 1365-1372, 2001.

The paper attempts to design a sliding mode controller (SMC) for a solar boost inverter with a view to regulate the output voltage and reduce its total harmonic distortion (THD) over a range of operating loads. The philosophy of the inverter relates to extracting an ac output at the desired amplitude and frequency from the available solar power input. The ability of the chosen topology to offer a sinusoidal voltage gathers interest in the perspective of allowing the output to be interfaced with the grid. The theory of the control strategy encompasses measures to increase the fundamental component and lower the higher frequency components of the output voltage. The simulation results bring out the relative merits of SMC over the conventional PI controller in terms of a lower THD for the output voltage. The experimental results forge to validate the simulated performance and espouse the inverter along with the SMC to claim a place for its use both in real world and grid connected utilities.

Keywords: Solar boost inverter, sliding mode control(SMC),voltage regulation, total harmonic distortion(THD).

[1]. Kalyan Chakravarthy Palagiri,. Dasari Uma Maheswara Rao, "Grid Connected Current Controlled Boost Inverter Based Battery Supported Fuel cell", International Journal & Magazine of Engineering, Technology, Management and Research.
[2]. Ravindranath Adda, Student Member, IEEE, Santana Mishra, Member, IEEE, and Avinash Joshi, "A PWM Control Strategy for Switched Boost Inverter "978-1-4577-0541-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
[3]. Guo-Rong Zhu, Cheng-Yuan Xiao, Hao-Ran Wang, Wei Chen, Siew-Chong Tan "Dynamic Characteristics of Boost Inverter with Waveform Control "IEEE
[4]. Anusree V and Saifunnisa P, "Closed Loop Control of Switched Boost Inverter" International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016
[5]. Minsoo Jang, Takyun Kim and Vassilios G. Agelidis," Design and Implementation of a 200 kHz Single-Phase Boost-Inverter Using Silicon Carbide Semiconductors" IECON2015-Yokohama November 9-12, 2015.

In General classical sets are used to analyze the system Reliability. But due to uncertainty in the present era the classical reliability is inadequate enough to describe the real situation of the system. Fuzzy logic tools attempt to review the reliability of the system with the help of membership function but in the present era when we have the favorable as well as the unfavorable conditions so the fuzzy logic is also not sufficient to study the reliability of the system. Present paper attempts to review the fuzzy/possibility tools when dealing with reliability of the network system. Various issues of reasoning-based approaches in this framework are reviewed, discussed and compared with the standard approaches of reliability. To analyze the vague reliability of the system, the failure rates are evaluated by sugeno‟s fuzzy failure rate estimation. A Vague inference engine is used to evaluate the failure rates in the form of trapezoidal vague numbers. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the method.

Keywords: Fuzzy sets, Vague sets, Vague Numbers, Trapezoidal Vague Numbers (TrapVaN), Reliability, ,  - Cuts, Sugeno‟s Fuzzy Failure Rates, Vague inference engine AMS Subject Classification: - 62N86

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[4]. Cheng CH, Mon DL (1993) Fuzzy system reliability analysis by possibility, Microelectron Reliability 33:587597
[5]. Gau W. L, Buehrer D. J. "Vague sets", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Vol 23, pp. 610-614, 1993.

The great benefits that LED technology offers have convinced several international companies to study and adopt this technology for both indoor and outdoor lighting systems. On the other hand, their DC power supply requires non-linear switching-mode voltage sources to increase power efficiency. However, the SMPSs have some drawbacks, such as quality dropping of the electric power due to the absorbed current harmonics and their propagation through the grid. In this article, two types of design power supplies, for both indoor (conventional) and outdoor (photovoltaic) lighting applications, are proposed and analyzed. Special integrated circuits are used, namely HV9910B (buck-converter for indoor lighting) and HV9912B (boost-converter for outdoor lighting)..............

Keywords: Hybrid switching-mode power supplies (SMPS), photovoltaic / conventional LED lighting systems, buck converter, boost converter.

[1]. Fara, L.Physics and technology of solar cells and photovoltaic systems (in Romanian). AOSR Publishing House, Bucharest, 2009
[2]. Golovanov, N.et. al.. Energetic efficiency. Environment. Modern economy(in Romanian).AGIR Publishing House, Bucharest, 2017.
[3]. Sterian, P. Photonics (in Romanian). Printech, Bucharest, 2000
[4]. Held, G. Introduction to Light Emitting Diode Technology and Applications. CRC Press, 2009
[5]. Mottier, P. LEDs for Lighting Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2009

Improving the localization accuracy is the major important process and reduces the system cost in the wireless sensor network by using the received signal strength and implementing the new algorithm VACG. In this proposed system VACG is used to overcome the limitation of CRVV that provides higher network traffic due to continuous updates which leads to high power consumption. VACG defines its parameters that generate the respective probability matrices for the non-anchor nodes to get localized. Proposed system identifies the unknown node is form in the wireless networks..............

Keywords: Rss, VACG Algorithm, Data mining, localization, received signal strength, connectivity, grid-scan approach.

[1]. Kiran Yedavalli and BhaskarKrishnamachari. "Sequence-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks".
[2]. A.I.Alhasanat, B.S.Sharif, C.C.Tsimenidis, and S.Boussakta. "Collaborative Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks using Direction of Estimation Approach".
[3]. SlavisaTomic, Marko Beko, Rui Dinis. In Wireless Sensor Networks using Distributed RSS-Based Localization and it based on Second-Order Cone Programming.
[4]. Chao Li, Xuezhen Huang, Liangrui Tang. "RSS Localization Algorithm Based on Virtual Sample Nodes in WSN". [2017].
[5]. Kiran Yedavalli, BhaskarKrishnamachari, SharmilaRavula, Bhaskar Srinivasan. "A Sequence Based Technique for RF Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Ecolocation".

User Authentication is the major important role in wireless network channel used to identify the unauthorized user authentication by using the improvised channel information system. In the user authentication process channel information system identifies the user node profile details monitoring the user type, if the user is stationary or mobile node user. Then ICIS scheme will analyze the user profile with the clustering sample details if the user node is identified the legitimate user this scheme will allow to access the wireless channel, if the user node is unauthorized identification the spoofing profile created and stored in the attacker profile. In this system, the use of Improvised channel information (ICIS), which is available from wireless devices, to perform legitimated user authentication is configured............

Keywords: User authentication, Wireless sensor networks, Gateway node, Sensor nodes

[1]. Boniface K. Alese, Sylvester O. Olatunji, Oluwatoyin C. Agbonifo, Aderonke F. Thompson. A Fine-Grained Data Access Control System in Wireless Sensor Network. Acta Informatica,4(3):276-287,December 2015.
[2]. Dan Boneh, Xuhua Ding, Gene Tsudik. Fine-Grained Control of Security Capabilities. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT) 4.1: 60-82, (2004).
[3]. Hongbo Liu, Jie Yang, Yang Wang, Jian Liu, Yingying Chen. Practical User Authentication Leveraging Channel State Information (CSI). Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Information, computer and communications security. ACM, 2014
[4]. Kannan Govindan, Kai Zeng, Prasant Mohapatra. Non-Cryptographic Authentication and identification in wireless networks [Security and privacy in emerging wireless network. IEEE Wireless Communications 17.5 (2010).

This paper is about estimation of the prospective of grid quality solar photovoltaic power of a building therebyto concludeschemecentered on the potential guesstimates for anexpanse of 1080 m2. Stipulationsof equipments are deliveredconsidering the quantifiable availability in the country. Although, solar energy is evidently unsoiled and boundless means amid other renewable energy possibilities, constraints prove out to be among a standalone solar photovoltaic system and a wind power based energy system, both fail to deliver continuous supply of energy due to naturally occurring cyclic and sporadicdeviations.............

[1]. Japs, E., Peters, S., Sonnenrein, G., Krauter, S., 2014. Energy-economic comparison ofphotovoltaic modules equipped with a layer of conventional and improved phasechangematerial. In: Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Denver CO (USA), pp. 1348–1352.
[2]. Roy, K; Mandal, K,K; Mandal, C,K; 2016; Modeling and managing of micro grid connected system using Improved Artificial Bee Colony algorithm; Electrical Power and Energy Systems 75 (2016) 50–58.
[3]. Attari, K; Elyaakoubi, A; Asselman, A; 2016; Performance analysis and investigation of a grid-connected photovoltaic installation in Morocco; Energy Reports 2 (2016) 261–266.
[4]. Talavera, D.L; Munoz-Cerón, E; Casa la de, J; Ortega, j, M; Almonacid, G; 2011; Energy and economic analysis for large-scale integration of small photovoltaic systems in buildings: The case of a public location in Southern Spain; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 4310– 4319
[5]. Shukla, N, K; Sudhakar, K; Rangnekar, S; 2015; Estimation and Validation of Solar Radiation Incident onHorizontal and Tilted Surface at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (1): 129-139, 2015