The gasification is the process of thermo chemical conversion of biomass in to combustible gases, which can be used as a fuel. This paper gives an insight on gasification and establishing the auto gasification of sewage sludge. Auto Gasification is a thermo chemical process for converting solid combustible matter into gaseous fuel with the bio oxygen. The Bio oxygen is the oxygen content in the biomass. This process thus increases the specific calorific value of the producer gas.

Keywords: Auto gasification, Biomass, Gasification, TGA

[1]. Agrawal, R.K.,1998,"Compositional analysis of solid waste and refuse derived fuels by Thermogravimetery method D 997".Annual book of ASTM standards, (Ed.C.M.Earnest), ASTM, Philadelphia, pp 259.
[2]. Agrawal, R.K. and Sivasubramanian, M.S., 1987, "Integral approximation for non isothermal kinetics", AIChE Journal, 33, pp 1212-1214.
[3]. Bridgwater, A.V., 1995, "The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation",Fuel, 74, pp 631-657.
[4]. Chern, S.M., Walawender, W.P. and Fan, L.T., 1989,"Mass and Energy balance analyses of a downdraft gasifier",Biomass, 18, pp 127-151.

Induction heating is a non-contact heating process. It uses high frequency electricity to heat materials that are electrically conductive. Since it is non-contact, the heating process does not contaminate the material being heated. It is also very efficient since the heat is actually generated inside the work piece. This can be contrasted with other heating methods where heat is generated in a flame or heating element, which is then applied to the work piece. For these reasons Induction Heating lends itself to some unique applications in industry. Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun. The solar energy, the most common way is to use solar panels, a module is a group of cells connected electrically and packaged into a frame (more commonly known as a solar panel), which can then be grouped into larger solar arrays...............

Keywords: Induction Heating,Solar Energy ,PV modules,Design

[1]. C. Ekkaravarodome, P. Charoenwiagnuea, K. Jirasereeamornkul, ―The Simple Temperature Control for Induction Cooker based on Class-E Resonant Inverter‖, 2013 IEEE 10th conference on Electrical Engineering ,Electronics,Computer,Telecommunication s and Information Technology (ECTI-CON) , pp 1-6, May 2013.
[2]. M. E. Tulu , D. Yildirim , ― Induction Cooker Design with Quasi Resonant Topology using Jitter Drive Method ‖ 2013 IEEE 12th conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC),pp 1-6, May 2013.
[3]. A. Halabi, A. Abdennour,H. Mashaaly, ‖Experimental Implementation of Micro-Controller based MPPT for Solar PV System‖, 2013 IEEE,Conference on Emerging Research Areas, pp. 1-5, June 2013.
[4]. Electronics for You- Garrett - OKM - Minelab Authorised
[5]. Basic Skills: Electronics by Tom Duncan

Identity-based encryption (IBE), which easier to do or understand the public key and certificate management at public key infrastructure (PKI) is an important one of two or more available possibilities, to public key encryption.one of the main efficiency drawbacks of IBE suggested that users renew their private keys periodically and senders use the receivers' identities concatenated with current time period. But this technique would result in an overhead load at PKG.All the users regardless of whether their keys have been revoked or not, have to contact with PKG periodically to prove their identities and update new private keys. It requires that PKG is online and the secure channel must be validity for all transactions, which will become a bottleneck for IBE system as the number of users develop, We propose a scheme to offload all the key generation related operations during key-issuing and key-update, leaving only a uniform number of simple operations for PKG and qualified users to perform locally,Our outline doesn't have to re-generate the whole private keys..............

Keywords: Identity-based encryption(IBE), Outsourced, Revocation, KU-CSP, Cloud-computing

[1]. Goyal, ―Certificate revocation using fine grained certificate space partitioning,‖ in Financial Cryptography and Data Security, S. Dietrich and R. Dhamija, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2007, vol. 4886, pp. 247–259.
[2]. S. Yu, C. Wang, K. Ren, and W. Lou, ―Attribute based data sharing with attribute revocation,‖ in Proc. 5th ACM Symp. Inf. Comput. Commun. Security (ASIACCS'10), 2010, pp. 261–270.
[3]. D. Benjamin and M. J. Atallah, ―Private and cheating-free outsourcing of algebraic computations,‖ in Proc. 6th Annu. Conf. Privacy Security Trust (PST'08), 2008, pp. 240–245.
[4]. M. Green, S. Hohenberger, and B. Waters, ―Outsourcing the decryption of ABE ciphertexts,‖ in Proc. 20th USENIX Conf. Security (SEC'11), 2011, pp. 34–34.
[5]. Z. Zhou and D. Huang, ―Efficient and secure data storage operations for mobile cloud computing,‖ in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Netw. Service manage., 2012, pp. 37–45.

Main aim of present research work is to introduce the concept of weak pairwise separated sets and separated sets for bitopological spaces. Various results related to pairwise separated sets will be discussed. Furthermore, the concept of weak pairwise connected bitopological space is introduced.

Keywords: Bitopological spaces, pairwise closed, pairwise separated sets, pairwise open.

[1]. J. C. Kelly, Bitopological spaces, London Math. Soc. Proc., 13(3), 1963, 71–89.
[2]. Y.W. Kim, Pairwise compactness, Publ. Math. Debrecen, 15, 1968, 87–90.
[3]. H.B. Hoyle III, P. Fletcher and C.W. Patty, The comparison of topologies, Duke Math. J., 36, 1969, 325–331.
[4]. C. W. Patty, Bitopological spaces, Duke Math. J., 34, 1967, 387–392.
[5]. W. Pervin, Connectedness in bitopological spaces, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser . A70, Indag. Math., 29, 1967, 369–372.
[6]. I.L. Reilly, On pairwise connected bitopological spaces, Kyungpook Mat J., 11, 1971, 25-28.
[7]. M. J. Saegrove, On bitopological spaces, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, doctoral diss., 1971.

The Heat transfer through convection is mainly used in many wide range of applications the improvement of heat transfer is widely researched over the years where the heat transfer through convection in a straight pipe has been a known problem in heat and mass transfer industry. Using spirally removed groove shapes in the pipe can increase the heat transfer significantly in this project we have design and simulated different models of pipe with groove to investigate which possess the maximum heat transfer rate where the models of different pitches with groove thickness of 0.1mm and 0.2mm has been made is solid works and then simulated in Ansys Fluent with a constant heat flux. Where Numerical concepts of Computational fluid dynamics is used to evaluate results and compare between models to specify the best possible Thickness and pitch.

Keywords: Cfd, Heat transfer, grooved Pipe.

[1]. Graham, D., Chato, J.C., Newell, T.A., (1999), IJHMT, Issue 42, Page number1935-1944.
[2]. Bilen, K., Cetin, M., Gul, H., Balta,T., (2009), ATE, Issue 29, Page number 753–761.
[3]. Bharadwaj, P., Khondge, A.D., Date, A.W., (2009), Heat transfer and pressure drop in a spirally grooved
[4]. Xinyi, T & Dongsheng, Z., (2012), Chinese JCE, Issue 20(2), Page number 220-230.
[5]. Kaji, R., Yoshioka, S., Fujino, H., (2012) The Effect of Inner Grooved Tubes on the Heat Transfer Performace of Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers of Co2 Heat Pump System at International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue e-Pubs. .

In this present investigation efforts are made to study the tensile strength and hardness properties of as cast and heat treated AA7075 alloy reinforced with graphite and bagasse-ash composites. The vortex method of stir casting was employed, in which the reinforcements were introduced into the vortex created by the molten metal by means of mechanical stirrer. Brinell hardness and tensile strength of both the samples have been prepared as per the ASTM E8 standards. Results give out that there will be greater effect of reinforcing different bagasse-ash and heat treatment condition in aluminium alloy matrix composites. An improved mechanical property occurs on reinforced compared to Unreinforced MMCs alloys.

Keywords: Al matrix composites; Bagasse-ash; Graphite; tensile strength and hardness properties; Heat treatment

[1]. D.Ramesh,R.P. Swamy and T.K. Chandrashekar, "Role of heat treatment on Al6061-Frit Particulate composites",Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol.11,No.4,2012,pp.353-363.
[2]. Melby Chacko and JagannathNayak, "Aging Behaviour of 6061 Al-15 Vol% SiC composite in T4 and T6 Treatments" ,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal ofChemical,Nuclear,Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol.8,No.3,2014,pp.214-217
[3]. D.R.H. Jones, M.F. Ashby, Engineering Materials-2: An Introduction to Microstructures, Processing and Design, Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, UK, 3Edition, 2006.
[4]. R.Keshavamurthy, Mankari Pavan, Mohammed Abdul Tazamul Haq, Dnyaneshwar Zinge, Mohammed. (2105) "Hardness and Tensile behavior of forged Al7075-SiC composite"International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 10 (55), 3769-3772
[5]. CS Ramesh, R Keshavamurthy, PG Koppad, KT Kashyap(2013), Role of particle stimulated nucleation in recrystallization of hot extruded Al 6061/SiCp composites, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23 (1), 53-58.

The major focused areas in VLSI are area, chip cost and its power. The switching activity is very high in generally during test mode due to continuous changing of data because the test patterns are applied randomly. So to reduce the consumption of power the switching activity has to be reduced. In the market now a day, the handy devices are very popular and its marketing is done only if it consumes less power. A novel low power pattern generation method is implemented by means of a modified LFSR which can carry out fault analysis and diminish the circuit power by introducing three intermediate vectored patterns during the test mode. The main reason to introduce these test vectored patters is to reduce the activities of transitions of the primary inputs which obviously reduce the activity of switching pattern. So by this way the total switching during the test mode reduces. Obviously the consumption of power is automatically diminishes. By taking the c17 circuit as benchmark, the proposed design is tested for the fault coverage.

Keywords: FAULT COVERAGE, LFSR, C17 BENCHMARK..

[1]. Michael L.Bushnell, Vishwani D.Agawal," Essentials of electronic testing for digital, memory and mixed-signal VLSI circuits," Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
[2]. Mohammad Tehranipoor, Mehrdad Nourani, Nisar Ahmed," Low-Transition LFSR for BIST-Based Applications," 14th Asian Test Symposium, pp. 138- 143, 18-21 Dec. 2005.
[3]. F. Corno, P. Prinetto, M. Rebaudengo, M. Sonza Reorda," A Test Pattern Generation methodology for low power onsumption," pp.1-5, 2008.
[4]. P.Glard et al "Survey 0 F Low-Power Testing Of Vlsi Circuits"IEEE Design & Test Of Computers, vol. 19, no. 3. (2002), pp. 80-90.
[5]. Dr.K.Gunavathi, Mr. K. ParamasivaM, Ms.P.Subashini Lavanya, M.Umamageswaran," A novel BIST TPG for testing of VLSI circuits", IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, pp. 8 - 11, August 2006.

The main objective of this paper is to understand the current Indian solar market and evaluate the growth of solar power in terms of installed solar power capacity. Also, to analyze the market trends for solar power plants and to investigate new incentive schemes for promotion of solar power against the present incentive schemes such as Capital Subsidies and Net Metering for solar power in India keeping in mind that India is trying to achieve the aggressive Solar Power target of 100 GW Installed capacity by year 2022. The paper will try to analyze how Feed-in tariff will benefit the power generators via a mathematical model and how it can attract the mass population of India towards Environment friendly Solar Power. We will analyze the effective renumeration payable to an End user who chooses to install a roof top solar power plant at his house under present schemes along with the FiT Scheme and we will conclude why the FiT Scheme will be able to attract an average household to solar power................

Keywords: Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Net-Metering(NM), Photovoltaic (PV), Return Of Investment (ROI), Levelized Cost Of Electricity(LCOE), Power Distribution Company (DISCOM), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

[1.] Ravishankar A. N., Ashok S. and Kumaravel S., "Effects of demand side management & storage on renewable energy penetration to the grid," 2017 Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB), Chennai, 2017, pp. 329-335.
[2.] S. Paghdar, U. Sipai, K. Ambasana and P. J. Chauhan, "Active and reactive power control of grid connected distributed generation system," 2017 Second International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), Coimbatore, 2017, pp. 1-7.
[3.] V. Vermeulen, J. M. Strauss and H. J. Vermeulen, "Optimisation of the allocation of solar PV generation capacity using grid support objectives," 2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica, Accra, 2017, pp. 202-207.
[4.] S. Sewchurran and I. E. Davidson, "Study of renewable energy resources found within local municipalities: An eThekwini municipality case study," 2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica, Accra, 2017, pp. 220-226.
[5.] J. M. F. Silva, R. Godina, E. M. G. Rodrigues, E. Pouresmaeil and J. P. S. Catalão, "Residential MPC controller performance in a household with PV microgeneration," 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech, Manchester, 2017, pp. 1-6.

Cooperative relaying is a significant technique in wireless communication technologies .The cooperative relay network mainly enables to improvise the channel entities and assures an error free transmission. Cooperative relaying promises an enhancement in the channel capacity and throughput. However, relay selection, power allocation and subcarrier assignment seems to be complex issue in cooperative relay MIMO-OFDM system. Hence, in this article, an attempt has been made to design a novel algorithm for cooperative relay MIMO-OFDM system by selecting an appropriate relay with proper subcarrier assignment in-order to improve the performance metrics such as BER, channel capacity and throughput. In this algorithm, as a first step, the number of subcarriers is selected according to the average channel gains and the target rates of users. After that, the subcarriers are assigned to the users with the best equivalent channel gains along with the relay selection. Then the, multiuser cooperative relay algorithm...............

Keywords: cooperative relays; Decode and forward relay; BER analysis; Channel capacity; Throughput Enhancement; Multiuser networks.

[1]. S Kaviani, WA Krzymien, "Sum rate maximization of MIMO broadcast channels with coordinated of base stations", Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Las Vegas, pp.1079–1084, 2008.
[2]. W Hardjawana, B Vucetic, Y Li, " Multi-user cooperative base station systems with joint processing and beam forming", IEEE Journal Selected Topics Signal Processing, Vol. 3, No.6, 1079–1093, 2009.
[3]. R Zhang, " Cooperative multi-cell block diagonalization with per-base-station power constraints", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communication, Vol. 28,No. 9, pp.1435–1445, 2010
[4]. CY Hsu, BS Krongold, "Coordinated multi-point transmission of MIMO-OFDM system with per-antenna power Constraints", Proceedings of IEEE Global Communication Conference. Anaheim, 2012.
[5]. Duy H. N. Nguyen, T Le-Ngoc, "Sum-rate maximization in the multicell MIMO broadcast channel with interference coordination". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 62, No.6, pp. 1501–1513, 2014.

In this article we study with counter examples about different properties of convergent, null and bounded double sequence spaces of fuzzy real numbers. Those will include different properties like sequence algebra, convergence free etc. We prove some inclusion results too.

Keywords: Orlicz Function, Fuzzy real number, Sequence Algebra.

[1]. Basarir, M. and Sonalcan, O.: On some double sequence spaces; J. Indian Acad. Math. 21(2), (1999); 193-200.
[2]. Bromwich T.J.IA: An Introduction to the Theory of Infinite Series; MacMillan and Co. Ltd. New york (1965).
[3]. B. Choudhary and B.C. Tripathy: On fuzzy real-valued F ( p) sequence spaces; Proc. International Conf. 8th Joint Conf. on Inf. Sci. (10th International Conf. on Fuzzy Theory and Technology) Held at Salt Lake City, Utha, USA, during July 21-25, 2005, USA, 184-190.
[4]. Hardy G.H.: On the convergence of certain multiple series; Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.; 19 (1917).
[5]. Kaleva, O. and Seikkala, S.: On fuzzy metric spaces; Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 12 (1984), 215-229.

The large hierarchy of documents accessible on the online and increasing dramatically each day. This huge volume of largely for the most part unstructured text can't be simply handled and seen by servers. Therefore, practiced and viable procedures and algorithms are needed to get helpful patterns. Keyword mining is that the task of extracting significant info from Documents, that has gained important attentions in recent years. During this paper, we have a tendency to describe many of the foremost elementary techniques for Top-K Keyword for Document Streams. We have a tendency to utilize weka Tool 3.8 is a point of interest framework within the historical background of the data mining and machine learning analysis teams. In these we have a tendency to examines an algorithmic rule to exactly classify the whole stream in to a given variety of reciprocally exclusive together thorough streams are often run additional relevant results with a high potency..........

Keywords: Machine Learning; Keyword search, Information extraction; Clustering and classification.

[1]. P. Haghani, S. Michel, and K. Aberer, ―The gist of everything new: personalized top-k processing over web 2.0 streams.‖ in CIKM, 2010, pp. 489–498.
[2]. K. Mouratidis and H. Pang, ―Efficient evaluation of continuous text search queries,‖ IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 469–1482, 2011.
[3]. [3] N. Vouzoukidou, B. Amann, and V. Christophides, ―Processing continuous text queries featuring non-homogeneous scoring functions.‖ in CIKM, 2012, pp. 1065–1074. A. Hoppe, ―Automatic ontology-based user profile learning from heterogeneous web resources in a big data context.‖ PVLDB, pp. 1428–433, 2013.
[4]. A. Lacerda and N. Ziviani, ―Building user profiles to improve user experience in recommender systems,‖ in WSDM, 2013, pp. 759–764.
[5]. M. Busch, K. Gade, B. Larson, P. Lok, S. Luckenbill, and J. J. Lin,―Earlybird: Real-time search at twitter,‖ in ICDE, 2012, pp. 1360– 1369.

Data centers are renowned to consume giant amounts of energy. Since information is during all the main applications in a typical information center, building energy-aware information systems has become a lively analysis topic recently. The quantification of the energy price of information systems is a very important task in coming up with such systems. During this paper, we tend to report our recent efforts on this subject, with a spotlight on the energy price estimation of question plans throughout question improvement. We tend to begin from building a series of physical models for energy estimation of individual relative operators supported their resource consumption patterns. Since the execution of individual queries may be a combination of relative operators, we tend to use the physical models as a basis for a comprehensive energy price estimation model for entire question plans...........

Keywords: Energy consumption, CPU Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, Web search engines

[1]. Barroso, L.A., Hölzle, U., 2007. The case for energy-proportional computing. Computer 2007 (12), 33–37.
[2]. Bausch, D., Petrov, I., Buchmann, A., 2012. Making cost-based query optimization asymmetry-aware. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware. ACM: New York. pp. 24–32.
[3]. Beckmann, A., Meyer, U., Sanders, P., et al., 2011. Energy-efficient sorting using solid state disks. Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst. 1 (2), 151–163.
[4]. Belady, C.L., 2007. In the data center, power and cooling costs more than the IT equipment it supports. Electron. Cool. 13 (1), 24.
[5]. Bin, L., Jiong, Y., Hua, S., et al., 2013. Energy-efficient algorithms for distributed storage system based on data storage structure reconfiguration. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 48 (1), 71–86.