Recently fuzzy equations are used in various field such as Physics, Economics, Finance and Statistics. Solving fuzzy quadratic equations has long been a problem in fuzzy set theory. Fuzzy quadratic equations were solved by using the method of α−cut. This article proposed a new and simple solution method to solve a fuzzy quadratic equation AX2=B, without using the α−cut. We use distribution function, complementary distribution function and density function to solve fuzzy quadratic equation AX2=B. The result obtained are found to be in good agreement. We also compare our new solution with classical solution of α−cut by plotting them into graphical representation using MATLAB.

Keywords: Fuzzy Number, Fuzzy Membership Function (fmf), Probability Distribution, Density Function.

[1]. Biacino, Loredana, and Ada Lettieri. "Equations with fuzzy numbers." Information Sciences 47.1 (1989): 63-76.
[2]. Buckley, J. J. "Solving fuzzy equations." Fuzzy sets and systems 50.1 (1992): 1-14.
[3]. Buckley, James J. "Solving fuzzy equations in economics and finance." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 48.3 (1992): 289-296.
[4]. Buckley, J. J., and Yunxia Qu. "On using α-cuts to evaluate fuzzy equations." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 38.3 (1990): 309-312.
[5]. Buckley, J. J., and Yunxia Qu. "On using α-cuts to evaluate fuzzy equations." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 43.1 (1991): 125.

With development of cloud computing more and more data owners are outsourcing their data form local servers to cloud. By outsourcing data to cloud, the data can be accessed from anywhere at any-time. But the main concern in outsourcing the data is about privacy of data and also data owners feel that they might not have access over data. To protect data privacy, the sensitive data is encrypted while outsourcing it. Also the users are facing issues in searching data in cloud. To overcome such problem various searchable encryption schemes are used. The encrypted data is searched by authorized cloud service providers (CSP) without learning underlying texts. Most of the existing searchable encryption support only single keyword or conjunctive keyword search. They support only exact keyword search which greatly affects data usability. Also these schemes does not support verifiability of search result. In this paper various searchable encryption schemes are surveyed.

Keywords: Cloud service provider, Encryption, Search Encryption

[1]. Rongmao Chen, Guomin Yang, Fuchun Guo, "Dual-Server Public-Key Encryption with Keyword Search for Secure Cloud Storage".
[2]. Ning Cao, Cong Wang, Ming Li, "Privacy-Preserving Multi-Keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Cloud Data".
[3]. Zhangjie Fu, Xingming Sun, Nigel Linge, Lu Zhou, "Achieving Effective Cloud Search Services: Multi-keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Cloud Data Supporting Synonym Query"
[4]. Jiguo Li, Xiaonan Lin, "KSF-OABE:Outsourced Attribute-Based Encryption with Keyword Search Function for Cloud Storage".
[5]. Wenhai Sun, Shucheng Yu, Wenjing Lou, Y. Thomas Hou, Hui Li, "Protecting Your Right: Verifiable Attribute-based Keyword Search with Fine-grained Owner-enforced Search Authorization in the Cloud".

Anodic potentiostatic electro-chemical deposition was used for constructing MnO2 amorphous films onto stainless-steel substrates. XRD and SEM techniques were employed for identifying the amorphous structure and morphology of prepared films. Effects of concentration of Na2SO4 electrolyte solution in the range, from 0.1 to 1 M, on the capacitive behavior, charging/discharging characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectra are studied. The obtained I-V or cyclic voltammographs curves indicate the existence of high capacitive behavior as a good response to the charge carrier's polarizability. The specific capacitance decreases, from 308.52 to 183.9 F/g as the voltage scan rate increases from 10 to 100 mV/s,and the highest maximum and average power obtained are 15 and 4.25 watt which corresponds to 0.5 M electrolyte concentration. Also, the max energy density =50.045 Wh/kg and corresponds to concentration of 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte..............

Keywords: Anodic deposition; MnO2 super-capacitors; electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS).

[1]. G. A. M. Ali, M. M. Yusoff, Y. H. Ng, H. N. Lim, and K. F. Chong, "Potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrodeposition of manganese oxide for supercapacitor application: A comparison study," Current Applied Physics, vol. 15, pp. 1143-1147, 2015/10/01/ 2015.
[2]. S. C. Pang, M. A. Anderson, and T. W. Chapman, "Novel Electrode Materials for Thin‐Film Ultracapacitors: Comparison of Electrochemical Properties of Sol‐Gel‐Derived and Electrodeposited Manganese Dioxide," Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 147, pp. 444-450, January 1, 2000 2000.
[3]. D. Z. W. Tan, H. Cheng, S. T. Nguyen, and H. M. Duong, "Controlled synthesis of MnO2/CNT nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications," Materials Technology, vol. 29, pp. A107-A113, 2014/11/01 2014.
[4]. T. Yousefi, A. N. Golikand, M. HosseinMashhadizadeh, and M. Aghazadeh, "Facile synthesis of α-MnO2 one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure and energy storage ability studies," Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol. 190, pp. 202-207, 2012/06/01/ 2012.

This paper presents proof of an asymptotic converging observer for an energy harvesting system. In an energy harvesting system, an observer is used to estimate mechanical quantities from the known electrical variables. Most estimation in the past has remained a challenge owing to rigorous computational techniques. In this work, we show that if there exists mappings which are left invertible and the manifolds of these mappings are positive invariant, then, using the small gain theorem and the solution of a modified algebraic Riccati equation, an asymptotic converging observer can be designed.

Keywords: Asymptotic, Observer, Energy harvesting system, Ricatti.

[1]. Gauthier, J., Hammouri, H. and Othman, S. (1992). A simple observer for non- linear systems applications to bioreactors, IEEE Trans. Automat. Con- trol, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 875–880.
[2]. Gauthier, J and Kupka, I. (1994). Observability and observers for nonlinear systems, SIAM J. Control Optim., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 975–994.
[3]. Karagiannis, D. and Astolfi, A. (2005). Nonlinear observer design using invariant manifolds and applications, in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on Descision and Control, 2005 and 2005 European Control Conference, Serville, Spain., Dec. 2005, pp. 7775 – 7780.
[4]. Krener, A and Isidori, A. (1983). Linearization by output injection and non- linear observers, Syst. Control Lett., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 47–52.
[5]. Krener, A. and Respondek, W. (1985). Nonlinear observers with linearizable error dynamics, SIAM J. Control Optim., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 197–216.

The wide application and associated problems of Glue laminated (Glulam) beams in the construction of Bridges, Stadium and Auditorium necessitated the need for reinforcing the glulam principally to control deflection. Although, there are problems associated in the use of timber-metallic reinforcement, the use of Fibre Reinforce Polymer (FRP) was effective in addressing some of the drawback. The use of such composite has been successful in recent times. However, there are still some challenges with regard to FRP-Wood bond especially the performance of such bond considering the material variabilities and the high level of uncertainty associated with them. Hence, this paper seeks to present a performance-based template for FRP-wood bonding using stochastic approach..............

Keywords: Glulam, Fibre reinforce polymer, reinforcement, stochastic.

[1]. Adrzej, S. N., Anna, M. R., & Ewa, K. S. (2012). Revised statistical resistance model for reinforced concrete structural component. ACI, 284, 1-16. doi: 10.14359/51683801
[2]. Alan, A. (2006). Fibres for Strengthening of Timber Structures. Ph.D. Ph.D. Thesis, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden. (ISSN: 1402-1528)
[3]. Arnold, D. M. (2004). Development and experimental resting of a seismic damage avoidance designed beam-to-column connection utilizing draped unbonded posttensioning Master Degree, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
[4]. Barbero, E., Davalos, J., & Munipalle, U. (1994). Bond strength of FRP-wood interface. Journal of reinforced plastic composite, 13(9), 835-854.
[5]. Borri, A., corradi, M., & Grazini, A. (2005). A method for flexural reinforcement of old wood beams with CFRP materials. Composites, 36.

To find out the incipient power transformer fault symptom diagnosis, various conventional and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique based methods are used .This paper present comparison analysis of one of the most used artificial intelligence technique fuzzy logic using various membership function. Five gases namely hydrogen, ethane, methane, acetylene and ethylene values are taken from DGA results of 38 transformers conducted in PUNJAB STATE TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LTD. (PSTCL) Laboratory situated in Ludhiana. Ratios are chosen as inputs. Nine output codes for the different type of faults such as Partial Discharge of low energy, Partial Discharge of High energy, Low energy discharge, High energy discharge, thermal fault (<150OC), thermal fault of 150-300OC, thermal fault of 300-700OC, thermal fault (>700OC) and No fault condition are considered. The comparison results are used to intemperate /find the most suitable membership function in fuzzy logic to design Artificial intelligence based system.

[1]. Abu-Siada Ahmed and HmoodSdood, " Fuzzy Logic Approach for Power Transformer Asset Management Based on Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis", Chemical Engineering Transactions 33 (2013) 997-1002.
[2]. TapsiNagpal, Yadwinder Singh Brar, "Expert System based Fault Detection of Power Transformer", Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 12 (2), 2015, 208-214.
[3]. TapsiNagpal, Yadwinder Singh Brar. "Artificial neural network approaches for fault classification: comparison and performance." Neural Computing and Applications 25(7-8), 2014, 1863-1870
[4]. S.M. Islam, "Power transformer condition monitoring" – Pacific Power International and University of Newcastle Developments.
[5]. Bruce T. Kuhnell, " Reliability centered maintenance",Centre of machine condition monitoring, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

In this article, we propose a new probability distribution by compounding Poisson distribution with Ishita distribution. Important mathematical and statistical properties of the distribution have been derived and discussed.The expressions for coefficient of variation, skewness , kurtosis ,reliability analysis and order statistics has been obtained. Then, parameter estimation is discussed using maximum likelihood method of estimation. Finally, real data set is analyzed to investigate the suitability of the proposed distribution in modeling count dataset representing epileptic seizure counts.

Keywords: Poisson distribution, Ishita distribution, compound distribution, Count data, Maximum likelihood estimation.

[1]. Adil, R., Zahoor, A., & Jan, T. R. (2016a). A new count data model with application in genetics and ecology. Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis, 9(1), 213-226.
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[5]. Greenwood, M., and Yule, G.U. (1920). An inquiry into the nature of frequency distribution representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrenc of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents, J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 83, 255-279.

This work present hybrid Peak to average power ratio mitigation technique based on PTS and modified clipping technique in MIMO-OFDM system. Firstly we applied signal to PTS and then we applied Modified clipping technique. This hybrid technique gives betterment in PAPR reduction capacity of the system. The simulation demonstrates that proposed hybrid technique better than the PTS and Original MIMO-OFDM system. This technique results in improve BER as contrast to without any technique. It shows that 18.88% improvement as compared to original scheme and 7.95% improvement contrast to PTS scheme.

Keywords: AWGN, OFDM, MIMO, PAPR.

[1]. Soo, Y., Kim, J., Yang, W. Y. and Kang,C.G "MIMO–OFDM Wireless Communications with Matlab", 2010.
[2]. Tao Jiang, Guangxi Zhu, "Nonlinear Companding Transform for Reducing PAPR of OFDM Signals", IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol.50, no. 3, Sept. 2004.
[3]. M. Iwasaki and K. Higuchi, "Clipping and filtering-based PAPR reduction method for precoded OFDM-MIMO signals," in Proc. IEEE VTC2010-Spring, Taipei, Taiwan, May 2010.
[4]. Y.L. Lee, Y.H. You, and W.G. Jeon, (2003) "Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in MIMO-OFDM Systems Using Selective Mapping", IEEE Communication Letters, Vol.7. Number.12, pp-575-577.

The concept of energy of a graph was introduced by I. Gutman in the year 1978. In this paper, we compute Energy, Siedelenergy, Distance energy, Harary energy, Maximum degree energy, Randic energy and Laplacian energy of Vitamin D3. MSC: 05C12, 05C90.

Keywords: Eigenvalues, Energy, Siedel energy, Distance energy, Hararyenergy, Maximum degree energy, Randic energy, Laplacian energy, Vitamin D3.

[1]. I.Gutman, The energy of a graph, Ber. Math-Statist. Sekt. Forschungsz. Graz, 103(1978), 1-22.
[2]. .Gutman, The energy of a graph: Old and New Results, ed.by A. Betten, A.Kohnert, R. Laue, A. Wassermann, Algebraic Combinatorics and Applications, Springer, Berlin, (2001), 196-211.
[3]. Willem H.Haemers, Seidel Switching and Graph Energy, MATH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem., 68(2012), 653-659.
[4]. R.L.Graham and H.O.Pollak, On the addressing problem for loop switching, Bell Labs Technical Journal, 50(1971),2495-2519.
[5]. G.Indulal, I.Gutman and A.Vijayakumar, On distance energy of graphs, MATCH Communications in Mathematicaland in Computer Chemistry, 60(2008), 461-472.

The wider reach of the internet and it's easy to use has promoted online shopping in India develop at a rapid pace and is existing to grow exponentially. Credit and debit cards' data are largely used by the transacting customer for online payments. The personal and secure data of these cards are at risk of losing its confidentiality and privacy due to the number of reasons. Primarily, the adversary would steal the information by targeting the Point of Sale(POS) system after installing and executing the malware software. At times, a network connection remains unavailable due to network service disruption. The data breaches that take place are mainly in the online mode of payment, thereby leading to insecure online payment. This paper describes a secure off-line micro-payment solution for an e-commerce system that is able to withstand the point of sale data breaches. A thorough analysis of its architecture, components and security properties is provided. This solution addresses the shortcomings observed in the current practices of online payments, thereby offering flexibility and security and provide secure fully off-line micro-payment.

Keywords: Offline Payment, the point of sale tractions, coin element, identity element.

[1]. Vanesa Daza, Robert Di Pietro, Flavio Lombardi, Matteo Signorini, "FORCE fully off-line secure credits for mobile micropayments, "2015.
[2]. Ronald L.Rivest, Adi Shamir, "Payword and micro mint: two simple micropayment schemes," 1996.
[3]. Sergio Martins, Yang Yang, "Introduction to bitcoins: a pseudo-anonymous electronic currency system," 2011.
[4]. Miyazaki, K.Sakurai, "Security of offline anonymous electronic cash system against insider attacks by untrusted authorities revisited,"2011.
[5]. V.U.K. Sastry, K.Shirisha, "A block cipher involving a key bunch matrix and including another key matrix supplemented with XOR operation," Oct 2012.

In this paper, a new method is presented to find critical path of a network project planning problem in imprecise environment using parameterized linear programming. A new parameterized defuzzification is discussed. Here network model has been developed in fuzzy environment. All activities are considered as a generalized trapezoidal fuzzy number. In this work, we develop a parameterized linear programming problem and then solve the parametric network problem. To illustrate the technique, an airport‟s cargo ground operation system is considered here.

Keywords: Network Problem, Critical Path Method, Fuzzy Number, Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number.

[1]. Chen, S.P.,(2007) Analysis of critical paths in a project network with fuzzy activity times, European Journal of Operational Research, 183,442-459.
[2]. Chen, S.P., &Hsueh, Y. J.,(2008) A simple approach to fuzzy critical path analysis in project networks, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 32,1289-1297.
[3]. Sireesha, V. & Shankar, N. R.,(2010).A new approach to find total float time and critical path in a fuzzy project network, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,2,600-609.
[4]. Shankar, N. R., Sireesha,V.&Rao, P. B.(2010).An analytical method for finding critical path in a fuzzy project network, International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Sciences,5,953-962.
[5]. Yakhchali, S. H.,FazelZarandi, M. H., Turksen, I.B. &Ghodsypour, S. H.,(2007). Possible criticality of paths in networks with imprecise durations and time lags, Proceedings IEEE North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society Conference,277-282.